高考英语形容词用法课件.ppt

1、 高考中的初中英语语法知识高考中的初中英语语法知识 第三讲：第三讲：形容词、副词形容词、副词 (一一)形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词、副词的作用与位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语常被放在名词前作定语或放在系动词后面作表语。或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词而副词则用来修饰形容词动词、其他副词或者句子，动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：须牢记：1.形容词短语作定语，定语后置。形容词短语作定语，定语后置。2.eg.a langu

2、age difficult to master3.a leaning tower about 180 feet high4.2.表语形容词（表语形容词（afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake,5.alive 等）作定语，定语后置等）作定语，定语后置 如如 a man alive 6.有些表身体健康状况的形容词如有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well,faint,ill 只作表语。只作表语。7.sick既可作表语又可作定语，既可作表语又可作定语，ill 如作定语意为如作定语意为“bad”。3.形容词用作定语，修饰不定代词通常后置。形容词用作定语，修饰不定代词通常后置。4.e

3、lse 常用作疑问代词常用作疑问代词 和不定代词的后置定语。和不定代词的后置定语。5.enough,nearly 等修饰名词前置或后置均可。等修饰名词前置或后置均可。但但enough 修饰形容词、副词时必须后置。修饰形容词、副词时必须后置。6.几个副词并列作状语时，几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，其顺序较灵活，一般是：一般是：方式地点时间。方式地点时间。We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.7.频度副词频度副词often,always,usually 等放在等放在be 之后、之后、行为动词前。行为动词前。8.副词作定语，定语后置。

4、副词作定语，定语后置。The people there are friendly 9.多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序。多个形容词修饰同一名词的顺序。限定词（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、限定词（冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词）物主代词）数（序数词、基数词）数（序数词、基数词）形（大小、长短形（大小、长短、形状）、形状）记住：限数描形新颜国材（名词）记住：限数描形新颜国材（名词）Eg .The first beautiful large long new red Chinese concrete bridge.Eg .The first beautiful large long new red C

5、hinese concrete bridge.请译：一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。请译：一个漂亮的崭新中国式陶瓷大花瓶。a nice big new Chinese china vase.10.以以ly 结尾的词性辨析结尾的词性辨析1）下列单词以下列单词以ly 结尾结尾（并非副词）（并非副词）lively,lonely,lovely deadly,friendly ugly,silly ,likely brotherly timely.2)空间与抽象空间与抽象 close-closely,high-highly,3)low lowly,deep-deeply 3）有无）有无ly 意义大不相同

6、的副词意义大不相同的副词 dead 完全完全 绝对绝对-deadly late lately(最近）最近）（二）复合形容词的构成二）复合形容词的构成 1.形名形名ed kind-hearted white haired2.形形形形 red hot dark blue 3.形形 现分现分 good looking easy going 4.副词副词 现分现分 hard working fast moving 5.副词副词 过分过分 hard won newly made6.名名 形形 life long world famous 7.名名 现分现分 peace loving fun loving

7、8.8.名名 过分过分 snow covered hand made 9.9.数数 名名 ed four storeyed three legged10.10.数数 名名 ten-year two-man（三）（三）形容词与副词的比较等级形容词与副词的比较等级 1.原级的构成和用法原级的构成和用法2.构成：构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身形容词、副词的原级即本身3.用法：用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面4.相等时用相等时用“as+原级原级 as”5.不等时用不等时用“not so/as+原级原级as”6.倍数用倍数用“倍数倍数 as+原级原级 as”Eg:X

8、iao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so/as high as that one.Miss Liu speaks English as fluently as you.This room is three times as large as that one.2.比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成1）规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（规则形容词、副词的比较级和最高级（4种）种）2）不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。）不规则的形容词、副词的级要特殊记。good/well-bad/ill-many/much-littl

9、e-far-old-3.比较级的用法比较级的用法1）双方比较，）双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，表示一方超过另一方时，用用“比较级比较级than“的结构的结构 如如This picture is more beautiful than that one.2）表示一方不及另一方时，用）表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级原级 than”结结构构 This room is less beautiful than that one.3)表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比较级表示一方在程度或数量上超过另一方时，可在比较级 前加表示程度的状语，前加表示程度的状语，如如 even,a lot,

10、a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰。等修饰。如如 he works even harder than before注意：注意：by far 通常用于强调最高级。通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级用于比较级一般放在比较级的后面，若放在前面，应在二者一般放在比较级的后面，若放在前面，应在二者中间加中间加 the.如如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.4)4)表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，

11、用“the+the+比较级（主语谓语）比较级（主语谓语）the+the+比较级（主语谓语）比较级（主语谓语）”结构结构 （越（越.越越）The harder he works,the happier he feels.The harder he works,the happier he feels.5)不与其他事物不与其他事物 相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用 “比较级比较级 and+比较级比较级”结构。结构。The girl becomes more and more beautiful.The weather is getting colder and cold

12、er.6）某些以某些以ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，结尾的形容词进行比较时，用用to 代替代替than.这些词有这些词有inferior(劣等的劣等的，次的），次的），superior ,junior(资历较浅的）资历较浅的）,senior。如：如：he is superior to Mr Zhang in chemistry.7)倍数表达法倍数表达法A is+倍数倍数 the size(height/length/width/depth)of BA is+倍数倍数 as as BA is+倍数倍数 比较级比较级 than B注意：注意：times 表三倍以上表三倍以上，两倍用两倍用 twi

13、ce/double译：译：我们的学校比他们的学校大三倍。（三种方法）我们的学校比他们的学校大三倍。（三种方法）4 最高级的用法最高级的用法1）三者或三者以上相比，）三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级最高级”的结构表示。的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如如：ZhangHua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.2)最高级可被序数词以及最高级可被序数词以及much,by far,nearly,almost,by n

14、o means,not quite,not really ,nothing like(没有什么能比得上）等修饰。没有什么能比得上）等修饰。如：如：This hat is by far the biggest.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?3)表示表示“最高程度最高程度”的形容词，如的形容词，如 excellent,extreme,perfect等等 没有最高级，没有最高级，也没有比较级也没有比较级。4）形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，）形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的的词往往省略。如：被修

15、饰的的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest boy in his class.5)作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。5.由由 as/so 组成的形容词或副词短语。组成的形容词或副词短语。1）as much as+不可数名词数量。如：不可数名词数量。如：Each stone weighs as much as 15 tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.2)as many as+可数名词数量可数名词数量如：如：I have as many as sixteen reference b

16、ooks.3)as early as 早在早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.4)as far as 远道，远道，就就 而言而言We might go as far as the church and back.As far as I know,he has been there before.5)may/might as well 不妨，不如不妨，不如Then you might as well stay with us here.6)as as sb can be 到了最到了最的程

17、度的程度，极其极其 They are as unreliable as they can be.(他们极其不可信）他们极其不可信）7)as as one can=as as possible(尽某人可能）尽某人可能）He began to run as fast as he could6.几组重要词语辨析几组重要词语辨析1）very 和和 much 的区别的区别 可可分等级分等级的形容词和副词前使用的形容词和副词前使用very 不用不用 much.表示状态的过去分词前用表示状态的过去分词前用very。如：如：a very frightened boy ;a very tired child a

18、 very complicated problem以以-ing ,-ed 结尾的分词结尾的分词 多用多用 much,very much,greatly 修饰。修饰。如：如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.too 前用前用much 或或 far,不用不用very,You are much/far/a lot too nice.注意：注意：修饰修饰绝对意义绝对意义的形容词，一般不用的形容词，一般不用very,而用而用 quite,completely,well,entirely 等修饰。等修饰。如：如：quite wrong/mistak

19、en/sure;completely dead;quite impossible,quite perfect 等等。1.more than 不只是（不只是（=not only)Miss Li is more than a teacher.Shes our best friend.2.more than+数词，多于，超过，相当于数词，多于，超过，相当于over There are over/more than 70 students in our class.3.more than与其说与其说 不如说不如说He is more diligent than clever7.请区分下列词组请区分下列

20、词组4.more than 极其地，非常地（=very)They are more than satisfied.5.This is more than+从句 此事非某人所能5.sth is more than+从句 (此事非某人所能)Eg:This problem is more than I can solve.This is more than I can say.6.more than one 不只一个（谓语动词用单数）不只一个（谓语动词用单数）more than once 不只这一次不只这一次 More than one person _ this secret.7.more tha

21、n not more than 不超过，至多不超过，至多 at the most no more than 仅仅仅仅，和和 一样少一样少no more than no more than 两者同样不两者同样不not more than not more than 前者不如后者；不比前者不如后者；不比 更更 8.less than(8.less than(少于）少于）not less than(not less than(不少于）不少于）=at least=at least no less than no less than（和（和一样多）一样多）=as much as=as much as 类

22、似地：类似地：no fewer than=as many as 和和一样多一样多 no worse than=as good as 和和一样好一样好 no better than=as bad as 和和一样坏一样坏 no richer than=as poor as 和和一样穷一样穷 no later than =as early as 和和一样早一样早高考再现高考再现1.（2005 北京）北京）This _ girl is Lindas cousin.A.pretty little Spanish B.Spanish little prettyB.C.Spanish pretty litt

23、le D.little pretty SpanishC.2.(2005 天津）天津）Mr Smith owns _ collection of D.coins than anyone else I have ever met.E.A.large B a larger C.the larger D.a largeF.3.Mary cant speak English _ her friends,but G.her written work is perfect.H.A.as well as B.as often as C.so much as D.as good asADA4.How _ can

24、 you finish your composition?A.often B.soon C.long D.rapidB.5.(2005 汕头）汕头）it was _ late to catch a bus after the party;C.therefore we called a taxi.D.A.too very B.much too C.too much D.farE.6.(2005 西城区）西城区）It takes us quite long to go there by ship,F.its _ by road.G.quick B.the quickest C.must quick

25、 D.quickerH.7.-How was your last visit to Shanghai?I.-It was great,I visited some friends,and spent the_J.days at the seashore.K.few last sunny B.last few sunny L.C.last sunny few D.few sunny lastBBDB8._ terrible weather weve been having these days?A.How a B.What a C.How D.What9.(2005 南京市南京市）If ther

26、e were not much pressure,we should have _ at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time B.C.much happier time D.a much happier time10.(2005 广西）广西）Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many jobless people?A.such such B.such so C.so so D.so such 11.(2005 广州）广州）If the manager

27、 had to choose between the two,he would say John was _ choice.A.good B.the best C.better D the better DDBD12.(2005 河南）河南）If you are_ about Australian cities,just read the book written by Dr.Johnson.A.interested B.anxious C.upset D.curiousB.13.(2005 南京）南京）The teachers in our school are_ young people

28、between the age of twenty-five and forty.C.A.most B.almost C.mostly D.at mostD.14.(2005 海淀区）海淀区）She told us _ story that we were moved to E.tears.F.such a moving B.such moving a G.C.so a moving D.a so movingDCA15.(2005 盐城）盐城）After the new technology was introduced,the company produced _ cars in 2005

29、 as the year before.A.as twice many B.as many twice C.twice as many D.twice many as16.(2005 江西）江西）Excuse me,is this Mr Hills office?Im sorry,but Mr Hill _ works here.He left about a month ago.A.not now B.no more C.not still D.no longer17.(2005 潍坊）潍坊）What did you think of your visit to the Nature Par

30、k?I really enjoyed it.It was _ than I expected.A.far more interesting B.even much interestingC.So more interesting D.a lot much interestingCDA18.-Are you feeling _?-Yes,Im OK now.A.any well B.any better C.quite good D.quite better19.The Chinese Educational Department suggests teachers should receive

31、 _ education to catch up with the _ development.A.farther;late B.farther;later C.further;lately D.further;latest20.-What do you think of the speech?-The speaker said _ nothing worth _.A.nearly;hearing B.hardly;listening C.scarcely ;listening to D.almost;listening to D.21.It is _ that his English is _ perfect.E.A.sure very B.right rather C.exact fairly D.certain quiteBDD