（备战）高考英语语法备考课件-状语从句.ppt

1、状语从句状语从句一一,什么是状语从句什么是状语从句状语从句在复合句中作状语状语从句在复合句中作状语,来说明一件来说明一件事情发生的时间事情发生的时间,地点，原因地点，原因,条件条件,结果结果等等.二二,状语从句的分类状语从句的分类时间，地点，条件，原因，让步，目的，时间，地点，条件，原因，让步，目的，方式，结果，比较方式，结果，比较 时间状语从句时间状语从句1.1.when/wheneverWhen I came into the room,he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we

2、 are free.我们什我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。么时间有空，我们就去那里。when指的是指的是“某一具体某一具体的时间的时间”。whenever指的是指的是“在在任何一个不具体的时任何一个不具体的时间间”。2.when/while/as(当当的时候）的时候）when 既可指某一时间点既可指某一时间点,也可指一段时间也可指一段时间;while引导的动作必须是持续性的引导的动作必须是持续性的;as 强调主句和从句的动作（由同一个人）强调主句和从句的动作（由同一个人）同时发生。翻译成同时发生。翻译成“一边一边一边一边”1)When/As/While we were playing ther

3、e,we saw many birds.2)When we arrived,it was 3.3)As he was waiting the bus,he was reading.when/while后面可以直接跟分词后面可以直接跟分词，as则不能则不能，as后面可以直接跟名后面可以直接跟名词词，when/while则不能则不能。1）As a boy,he taught himself many things.2)When/While playing there,we saw many birds.注意注意:when/while都可做并列连词都可做并列连词,连接并连接并列列句句,when表示表

4、示 “就在这时就在这时”，常用于，常用于 was/were doing when had(not)(just)donewhen was/were(just)about to do when=was/were on the point of doingwhen while则表示转折则表示转折“然而然而”（强烈的对比）（强烈的对比）=whereas 1.I was walking in the street when(suddenly)someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着我正在街上走着,就在这时就在这时忽然有人从后面忽然有人从后

5、面拍我的肩膀。拍我的肩膀。2.My father was cooking while my mother was playing cards.我爸爸在做饭我爸爸在做饭而而我妈妈在打牌我妈妈在打牌.3.while3.while表示表示“尽管尽管”“”“虽然虽然”时的用法（此时的用法（此时它引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语时它引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句，此用法许多同学并不熟悉，值得注意！）从句，此用法许多同学并不熟悉，值得注意！）1）_ I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.(山东卷山东卷)A.As B.Since C

6、.If D.While 答案选答案选D D。whilewhile在此表示在此表示“尽管尽管”“”“虽然虽然”，2)While the work was difficult,it was interesting.尽管工作有难度，但很有趣。尽管工作有难度，但很有趣。3)While I understand what you say,I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。是不同意。（这时（这时while要放在句首要放在句首=although)4.when 也有也有“尽管尽管/虽然虽然”的意思，这时的意思，这时的从句要放在句尾。的从句

7、要放在句尾。1)They kept trying when they knew it was hopeless.2)I am sure we can succeed when we admit we have a long way to go.whenwhen还有还有“既然既然”的意思表原因的意思表原因 1）Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one?2)It was foolish of me to take a taxi when I could easily walk there.before1.It will

8、be+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句(does)要过好久要过好久 才能做才能做It will not be+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句(does)过不了多久过不了多久 就能做就能做It was+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句(did)过了好久过了好久才做了才做了 It was not+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句(did)没过没过就做了就做了 还要注意其变体！还要注意其变体！2.before I could do,(还没来得及还没来得及就就)Before I could get in a word,the tailor had measured me.3.

9、before sb does,(趁还没做趁还没做,)Please write it down before you forget it4.hadnt done before sb did 还没还没.就就 We hadnt run a mile before we felt tired.我们还没跑到一里路就觉得累了。我们还没跑到一里路就觉得累了。5.had done before sb did做了做了才才 We had sailed four days before we saw land.（我们航行了四天才看见陆地）我们航行了四天才看见陆地）6.before sb knew/realised

10、it.不知不觉地不知不觉地 一一.就就.1.as soon as 主从句的谓语动词有两种情况：主从句主从句的谓语动词有两种情况：主从句都用一般过去时、主句用一般将来时，都用一般过去时、主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时从句用一般现在时 1)As soon as he arrived there,he wrote to me.2)As soon as he arrives there,he will write to me.2.the+时间名词时间名词the moment/minute/instant/day/year+句子句子3.immediately/directly/instantly+句

11、子句子 4.at+名词名词 At the news,we were moved into tears.5,on/upon+doing/含动作意味的名词含动作意味的名词 on(ones)arriving/on(ones)arrival on entering/on entrance on returning/on return 6,hardly/scarcelywhen/no soonerthan 7,every time,each time,last time,next time,the first time sinceIt is/has been+一段时间一段时间since 从句从句(did

12、)It is 10 years since I smoked.(=I gave up smoking/dropped smoking)自从我不抽烟已有自从我不抽烟已有1010年了年了.延续性动词延续性动词:反过来翻译反过来翻译短暂性动词短暂性动词:直译直译 not.until.not.until.till/until(till/until(在句首、与在句首、与notnot无间隔连用及在强无间隔连用及在强调句中只用调句中只用until)until)We We waitedwaited till(until)he came back.till(until)he came back.我们我们一直等到

13、他回来。一直等到他回来。She She didndidnt t stopstop working working until until eleven eleven o oclock.clock.她到她到1111点钟才停止工作。点钟才停止工作。如主句动词是如主句动词是延续性动作延续性动作，常用，常用肯定式，肯定式，表示表示“直到直到为止为止”;如主句动词是如主句动词是瞬间动词瞬间动词，常用，常用否定式否定式，表示，表示“直到直到才才”not until 句型考点：句型考点：与强调句型结合与强调句型结合I didnt go to sleep until he came back.与倒装句型结合与

14、倒装句型结合It was not until he came back that I went to sleep.Not until he came back did I go to sleep.原因状语从句原因状语从句because/sincebecausebecause表示直接的原因表示直接的原因,具有很强的因果关系具有很强的因果关系,专门回答对专门回答对 “whywhy”的提问的提问;since=now thatsince=now that,翻译成翻译成“既然既然”，通常放句首，通常放句首;1)eg:It was because his mother was badly ill that

15、 he was unhappy.2)Since everyone knows it,I will not say anything.for for 不是从属连词，而是不是从属连词，而是并列连词并列连词。它。它不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充解释、说明，不放在句首附带或补充解释、说明，不放在句首.The day breaks,for the birds are singing.as 表示很明显的双方都知道的原因表示很明显的双方都知道的原因 eg.As it is getting colder and colder,we had better wear

16、 more.now that,seeing thatseeing(that),now thatseeing(that),now that和和since,as since,as 意义相似，他们都有意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实鉴于某个事实”的意思，的意思，thatthat可以省去。可以省去。eg.Now(that)the weather has cleared up,we can start our journey.一些固定短语：一些固定短语：on account ofbecause ofdue tothanks toowing toin thatnot thatbut thatas a re

17、sult/consequence 条件状语从句条件状语从句 1,1,连词：连词：if,unless,as/so long as,on condition that,if only,only if,given,assuming,suppose/supposing providing/provided 2,2,注意点：注意点：分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气条件句中要用虚拟语气 目的状语从句目的状语从句 1.so that/in order that从句中常用情态动词从句中常用情态动词may(might)/can(could)/shoul

18、d 当从句中的谓语与主句中的谓语一致时当从句中的谓语与主句中的谓语一致时，in order that+句子可以换成句子可以换成 in order to+do,so that+句子可以换成句子可以换成so as to+doeg.I sit in the front in order that/so that I can hear the teachers clearly.I sit in the front in order to/so as to hear the teachers clearly.下面这句可以象这样换吗？下面这句可以象这样换吗？I raised my voice so tha

19、t everyone could hear me.I raised my voice so as to be heard.2.that 3.lest（以免以免/免得免得 /唯恐唯恐）4.in case/for fear that 作作“以防以防”来讲来讲，incase相当于相当于forfearthat,并可以通用并可以通用(陈述语气、虚拟语气均可）陈述语气、虚拟语气均可）。1)Iwroteitdownincase/forfearthatIshouldforgetit.我把它抄下，免得忘记。我把它抄下，免得忘记。2)Imuststayathomethismorningincase/forfear

20、thathecomestoseeme.我今天上午必须呆在家里，恐怕他会来看我我今天上午必须呆在家里，恐怕他会来看我。for fear of/that 表示表示“由于害怕由于害怕/惟恐惟恐/以免以免”,of后多半接后多半接名词，名词，that后接从句用虚拟语气后接从句用虚拟语气1）Put on a coat for fear of catching a cold.穿上外衣以免感冒。穿上外衣以免感冒。2）The weather is so changable that people always bring their umbrella with them for fear of rain.天气多

21、变天气多变,人们总是要随身带着雨伞以防下雨。人们总是要随身带着雨伞以防下雨。3）We kept quiet for fear that we might disturb others.他让我们保持安静，以免打扰别人。他让我们保持安静，以免打扰别人。in case of 假使，万一，后面只能跟名词假使，万一，后面只能跟名词 1）In case of fire,ring the bell.万一起火万一起火,请按铃。请按铃。两者的区别：两者的区别：2）In case of rain,they wont go.万一下雨万一下雨,他们就他们就 不去了。不去了。3）Take an umbrella wit

22、h you for fear of rain.带上一把伞，以免下雨。带上一把伞，以免下雨。in case 指指“假如某情况出现，我们要假如某情况出现，我们要”for fear指指“我们要我们要以免某种情况出现以免某种情况出现”，不过，两者的区，不过，两者的区别好像不是很明显。别好像不是很明显。更多的例句更多的例句 incaseof(+n.)以防以防 ,假如假如,如果发生如果发生1）Incaseofemergency,breaktheglassandpressthebutton.遇到紧急情况时，击碎玻璃罩并摁下按钮遇到紧急情况时，击碎玻璃罩并摁下按钮。2）Incaseoffire,ringthe

23、alarmbell.如遇失火，请按警铃。如遇失火，请按警铃。3）Incaseofflood,thedamcanprotectus.在发洪水的时候在发洪水的时候,大堤可以保护我们大堤可以保护我们。4）Incaseofrain,theycantgo.万一下雨，他们就不能去了万一下雨，他们就不能去了。5）Ihavekeptareservefundincaseofaccidents.我已筹备了一笔准备基金以防不测我已筹备了一笔准备基金以防不测。for fear of(+doing)唯恐唯恐1）The teacher refused to have his daughter in his class,f

24、or fear of showing favour to her.教师不愿意把自己的女儿编入自己的班教师不愿意把自己的女儿编入自己的班 级，级，恐怕会对她有所偏袒。恐怕会对她有所偏袒。2）He left a hour early for fear of missing the train.他提早一小时离开，惟恐错过那次火车。他提早一小时离开，惟恐错过那次火车。3）We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the baby/for fear(that)we might wake the baby.我们轻声谈话我们轻声谈话,以免吵醒婴儿以免吵醒婴儿.4 4）T

25、he nurse walked on tiptoe for fear of waking the patient.护士踮着脚走惟恐会吵醒病人。护士踮着脚走惟恐会吵醒病人。结果状语从句结果状语从句sothat/sothat/suchthat1）I raised my voice,so that everyone heard me.2）He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.3）She told us such an interesting story that we all forgot the time.so+adj./adv.,such(a/

26、an)+n.或者或者adj.+n当主从句主语一致时我们可以怎样改写由当主从句主语一致时我们可以怎样改写由sothat/suchthat引导的句子？引导的句子？方式状语从句方式状语从句1)Draw a cat as I taught you.按照我教你的画一只猫。按照我教你的画一只猫。2)Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。按照人家告诉你做的去做。as，按照或正如按照或正如3)They treat the black boy as if(though)he were an animal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。as if/as

27、though好象好象,似乎似乎 as if/though 如果从句中陈述的情况很可如果从句中陈述的情况很可能是真的也可以用陈述语序。能是真的也可以用陈述语序。I feel as if I have a fever.as if/though 后面还可以直接跟什么？后面还可以直接跟什么？adj.,prep-,doing,to do让步状语从句让步状语从句1.though/although不能与不能与but连用连用,但可与但可与yet或或still连用连用 eg.Although(Though)he was over sixty,(yet/still)he began to learn French

28、.2.even if/even though“即使即使,纵使纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。书面语中。eg.I will go even if/though it rains tomorrow.3.no matter+疑问词疑问词/疑问词疑问词ever 1)Do it no matter what others say.2)No matter how busy he was,he studied English every day.4.as 倒装句倒装句 1)Child as he is(=Though he is a child),he knows a l

29、ot.尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。2)Cold as it is,(=Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。asas引出的状语从句常放在引出的状语从句常放在句首，语序必须部分倒装。句首，语序必须部分倒装。常将什么提前？主要考点常将什么提前？主要考点又是哪些？又是哪些？4.much as(4.much as(尽管，即使）尽管，即使）eg.Much as I would like to help you,Im afraid Im simply to

30、o busy at that moment.5.5.由介词或介词短语引导由介词或介词短语引导 with all/for all(虽然，尽管虽然，尽管），），with,in spite of,despite,regardless of,disregarding(不管不管/不顾不顾)the fact that 地点状语从句地点状语从句where 在在的地方的地方 到到的地方的地方 的地方的地方1)Where there is a will,there is a way.2)Where there is life,there is hope.While there is life,there is

31、hope3)We must go where we are most needed.4)That is where you are wrong.比较状语从句比较状语从句 1.as as 2.not as/so as 3.than 4.senior,junior,infeiror,superior5.5.否定词否定词+比较级比较级6.no+-er+than7.the er,the er8.8.倍数表达法倍数表达法:1)My shoes are three times bigger than yours.2)My shoes are three times as big as yours.3)My shoes are three times the size of yours.4)The size of my shoes is three times that of yours.注意：注意：1.1.状语从句的省略：状语从句的省略：当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，通当从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，通 常省去从句的主语和位于中的常省去从句的主语和位于中的bebe2.2.状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时（来时（if if 有例外）有例外）3.althoughbut,becauseso不能连用不能连用再见再见