初中英语句型转换技巧课件.ppt

1、1句型转换与翻译技巧2015年3月宁城县第三中学 薛 岩l句型转换基本句式转换同义句转换l1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的转换l（1）含有be动词（am,is,are,was,were)、行为动词(do,does,did)和情态动词(can,could,should,will,would,may,might)及含有have/has+p.p的句子；l肯定句改为否定句：直接在be动词、助动词、情态动词后面加notl肯定句改为一般疑问句时，一律将be动词、助动词和情态动前移到句首（首字母大写）l肯定回答用“Yes”；否定回答用“No”。“Yes”或“No”后面的主语必须用代词，“No”后面必须用否定

2、缩略式。牛刀小牛刀小试试改为否定句There are some pay phones on that streetThere arent any pay phones on that street.Tony will travel around the world.Tony wont travel around the world.He can cook Chinese food.He cant cook Chinese food.They have learned all the subjects.They havent learned all the subjects.改为一般疑问句，并作

3、肯定、否定回答1.There is a hotel next to my school.Is there a hotel next to your school?Yes,there is.No,there isnt.2.Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.Is Bridge Street a good place to have fun?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.3.We are cleaning the room now.Are you cleaning the room now?Yes,we are.No,we arent.6

4、句型句型转换转换（2）只含有行为动词的句子必须借助助动词do；does；did;改为否定句时，直接在行为动词后面加dont（一般现在时态，主语是除第三人称单数之外的人称和数时），doesnt(一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数时），didnt（一般过去时态）改为一般疑问句时，在句首加Do,Does或Did。肯定回答用“Yes”，后面动词用do；does或did”；否定回答用“No”，后面动词用dont；doesnt；didnt。改为否定句1.Mary often plays sports after dinnerMary doesnt play sports after dinner2.Alic

5、e attends the lecture once a week.Alice doesnt attend lecture once a week3.Mike drew a picture on the blackboardMike didnt draw a picture on the blackboard.改为一般疑问句1.The children like playing games.Do the children like playing games?2.Mary usually goes to school on foot.Does Mary usually go to school

6、 on foot?3.Tom went to London yesterday.Did Tom go to London yesterday?92.特殊疑问句的转换把句子转换为特殊疑问句，首先要确定划线部分的“疑问词”，人、物、时间、地点、原因、数量等分别用：who；whom；whose；what；when；where；why；how；how many；how much；how often；how old；how long等。将相对应的疑问词放在句首，其余部分改为一般疑问句的形式，就是特殊疑问句。改完后要注意检查句首的首字母大写和句尾的标点符号。练习对划线部分提问1.The teachers

7、had a meeting yesterday.When did the teachers have a meeting?2.The postage is three Yuan and six JiaoHow much is the postage?3.They helped the old lady clean her house once a week.How often did they help the old lady clean her house?4.Its going to be cloudy tomorrowHow is it going to be tomorrow?Wha

8、t is it going to be like tomorrow?5.The students are planting trees on the hills.Where are the students planting trees?6.They will meet at 11:00.What time will they meet?12肯定句中：前句动作适合后句的人句式：so+be/助/情+主如 She likes drawing.他们也是 So do they.He wrote a letter yesterday.我也写了.So did I.He can help me.So can

9、 we.He is a student.So are we.13He wrote a letter yesterdaySo he did.肯定句中:对前句动作的肯定句式：so+主+be/助/情否定句中：前句的动作适合后句的人句式：Neither/Nor+be/助/情+主He isnt a student.Neither/Nor is she.They havent written it yet.Neither/Nor has he.14句型句型转换转换3.选择疑问句的转换改为选择疑问句时，只需注意根据句子的内容用“or”连接两个并列的成分就可以了。结构：一般疑问句+or+简短的问句答语：不用y

10、es或no.两者之间选其一或者Neither/Both.如：She is Lucy.（Lily）Is she Lucy or Lily?They come to school by bike.(on foot)Do they come to school by bike or on foot?On foot.反意疑反意疑问问句的句的转换转换反意疑问句结构：“陈述句简短问句”，规律：“前面肯定；后面否定”和“前面否定；后面肯 定”的规律和简短问句的主语必须用代词的要求。Tom likes playing football，doesnt he？Xiao Hong didnt like singin

11、g，did she？注意：祈使句的反意疑问句，除Lets开头的一般用shall we？其余无论肯否，一般都用will you？16练习练习l完成下列反意疑问句lTheres something wrong,_ _?lThere is nothing wrong,_ _?lSomeone went there,_ _?lYou will have an interesting life.(用a dull life改为选择疑问句)l _ you an interesting life _ a dull life?lLucy is a studentLily is a doctor（改为选择疑问句）

12、l Lucy a student a doctor?174.祈使句的转换 祈使句，肯定的祈使句，是原形动词开头否定的祈使句是“Dont”开头，后跟原形动词。（主语是I或we时，句子开头用let me或lets）You should remember his telephone number Remember his telephone number，pleaseYou cant go home.Dont go home.I can do it alone.Let me do it alone.We can write them.Lets write them 改为感叹句，必须记住，强调的是名词

13、，句首用What，What后的名词前可以有形容词。句式：What a adj+n（单）What adj +n +主+谓!What adj +n(不可数)强调的是形容词或副词，句首用 How，后面必须紧跟形容词或副词，如The park is beautiful 改为：What a beautiful park！或：How beautiful the park is！感叹句的转换19练习练习改为祈使句You should do homework.You can close the window.You couldnt use my dictionary.改为感叹句(分别用what和how)The

14、 weather is fine ！The flower is so sweet ！The student is very hard-working.！20句型句型转换转换l同义句转换1.简单句之间的转换技巧：逐个翻译后，与原句进行对照，看缺少了哪个词或哪部分意思，然后再用与其意思相近的词、词组或句型去替换。（因此，在学习中要掌握尽可能多的同义词，平时多注意）例如：They will get to London in four days.They will reach London in four days.lThe runner couldnt catch up with the other

15、s in the race.The runner fell behind the others in the race.lThe snow was heavy last night It snowed heavily last night.l.21句型句型转换转换2.二合一并成简单句就是把两个并列句中成份相同的部分用连词合并起来.常见的连词有neither nor,either or,both and,not only but also,enough to,tooto，so.that,as soon as 其中红色字体的部分通常遵循就近原则，即谓语需根据后面的那个主语保持一致。如：He has

16、nt been to France.She hasnt been to France,either.Neither he nor she has been to France.Mrs Smith is my teacher.She is also my good friend.Mrs Smith is not only my teacher but also my good friend 22句型句型转换转换3.简单句与复合句的互换 (1)用不定式、介词短语、名词短语、分词性短语替换；（2）将宾语从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”；（3）将so that(such that )引导的状语从句简化为含

17、有too to (或enough to)的简单句；（4）if 引导的状语从句简化为“祈使句，and(or)+句子”。例如：.1.I hope that I can see you soon.I you again 2.Please tell me where we show our tickets.Please tell me our tickets.3.If you dont hurry up,youll miss the early bus ,you wont the early bus.Youll miss the early bus you hurry up.句型转换24句型句型转换转

18、换4.语态之间的转换主要指主动语态和被动语态之间的变化。例如：Your classroom must be cleaned every day.You your classroom every day.2We can store a lot of information in the computer.(改为被动语态)A lot of information _ _ stored in the computer25阶阶段段练习练习 1This is the most boring journey that I have ever heard of.I have _ heard of _ a b

19、oring journey before.2My father seems to be very angry._ seems that my father _ very angry.3The man made his baby laugh.The baby was _ _ laugh.4The captain is the happiest of all the players.The captain is _ _ any other player.26阶阶段段练习练习5Taking exercise often can make you healthy.Its good _ your _to

20、 take exercise often.6Hurry up,and youll be on time for the party._ you _ hurry,youll be late for the party.7It is five years since he left his hometown.He has _ _ from his hometown for five years.8That lady is my new English teacher.She is wearing red clothes.The lady _ _ is my new English teacher.

21、27阶阶段段练习练习9I spent four hundred yuan in buying that recorder.That recorder _ _ four hundred yuan.10There are more people in America than in England.The _ in America is _than _ in England.11.He cant decide where he should stay for the night.He cant decide _ _ _ for the night.12The film began at 2:00

22、p.m.and ended at 4:30 p.m.The film _ two and a half _.28翻译解题技巧29技巧篇技巧篇第一步，先读一下汉语句子，了解这个句子所要表达的意思。并找出句子的主语和谓语。第二步，跳过空格读一下已给出的那一部分内容，然后再仔细分析一下要求翻译的英语。第三步，观察一下要求翻译的汉语，然后联想一下相关词汇和句型，再考虑语态、时态、词形变化、主语与谓语数的一致性等问题。第四步，根据空格数填词。第五步，将已填好的句子再读一遍，从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下。30技巧篇技巧篇翻译题，重在平时的积累。那么，平时应该怎么做呢？1熟练掌握常用词和词组的

23、用法。2熟练掌握各种句型结构。3掌握语法知识。4熟读课文，因为有些题可能会出自课文原文。5平时要加强这类题的训练。总之，平时还是要多读多背31练习练习篇篇1.从现在开始，我们应该更加努力学习。We should study harder _（3个空）2一百年以后，中国将发生什么样的巨大变化？（四个空）What great changes will take place in China _？3.你能把你的自行车借给我吗？（五个空）Can you _？4.他正在花园里浇花。（四个空）He _ in the garden.5.我们应该尽最大努力尽快赶上发达国家。(3个空）We should _ t

24、o catch up with the developed countries as soon as possible 6.珍爱自己，远离不健康的书。Take good care of yourself and _ bad books 32练习练习篇篇虽然很累了，工人们继续努力工作着。Though they were tired,the workers _ _ _ hard.下个星期将有一场足球比赛。There _ _ a football match next week.我的自行车出了毛病。Something is _ _ my bike.Mr.Brown是如此的激动，以至于说不出话来。Mr

25、.Brown is _ excited _ say a word.一到家，金太太就去睡觉了。_ _ _ she got home,Mrs.King went to bed.为什么不跟我们一起去钓鱼呢？Why _ _ _ with us?33练习练习篇篇1.该看篮球赛了。2.你最好不要躺在床上看书。3.母亲每天晚上花两个小时为我们做饭。4.老师让我们课后用英语交谈。5.露丝不喜欢早晨喝牛奶。6.你想今天下午和我们一起踢球吗？7.请你把收音机关上好吗？8.这本书非常有趣，大家都想看。9.在婴儿睡觉的时候，请保持安静。10.哥哥和我对电影都不感兴趣。升级训练34The AnwserThe Anwse

26、r 1.Its time to watch the basketball match.1.Its time to watch the basketball match.2.Youd better not read in bed.2.Youd better not read in bed.3.It takes mother 2 hours to cook(do the cooking)3.It takes mother 2 hours to cook(do the cooking)for every evening.for every evening.4.The teacher asked us

27、 to talk in English after class.4.The teacher asked us to talk in English after class.5.Rose doesnt like drinking milk in the morning.5.Rose doesnt like drinking milk in the morning.6.Would you like to play football with us this afternoon?6.Would you like to play football with us this afternoon?7.Wi

28、ll you please turn off the radio?7.Will you please turn off the radio?8.The book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.8.The book is so interesting that everyone wants to read it.9.Please keep quiet when the baby is sleeping.9.Please keep quiet when the baby is sleeping.10.Neither my brother nor I am interested in movies.10.Neither my brother nor I am interested in movies.(Both my brother and I arent interested in movies.)(Both my brother and I arent interested in movies.)