中考英语阅读技巧课件.ppt

1、lBy Wenqi Middle Schooll 近几年来近几年来,阅读理解题在试卷中所占阅读理解题在试卷中所占的比重有所增加。纵观近年来中考英的比重有所增加。纵观近年来中考英语阅读理解试题，它们有以下特点：语阅读理解试题，它们有以下特点：试题难度适中，试题难度适中，文章选材符合考试文章选材符合考试大纲的基本要求，保证了题材类型大纲的基本要求，保证了题材类型多样；对阅读理解的几种技能考查比多样；对阅读理解的几种技能考查比较全面；较全面；文章篇幅和阅读量略有增加；文章篇幅和阅读量略有增加；文章内容积极健康，兼具知识性、实文章内容积极健康，兼具知识性、实用性、思想性和教育性；题型日益多用性、思想性

2、和教育性；题型日益多样化，标准选择题、是非判断题、主样化，标准选择题、是非判断题、主观回答题。观回答题。l 从整体上看，从整体上看，中考阅读理解试题中考阅读理解试题l基本都做到了以下几个方面：第一，阅基本都做到了以下几个方面：第一，阅读材料信息含量大，体现在文章的题材读材料信息含量大，体现在文章的题材多样化，多样化，材料具有真实性，原汁原味，材料具有真实性，原汁原味，选材新，避免选取广为流传和人所共知选材新，避免选取广为流传和人所共知的材料，内容涉及到科技、社会、文化、的材料，内容涉及到科技、社会、文化、政治、经济、生活等。政治、经济、生活等。第二，文章有易第二，文章有易有难，长短搭配适度，命

3、题者注意到合有难，长短搭配适度，命题者注意到合理把握文章及句子的难度；第三，恰当理把握文章及句子的难度；第三，恰当控制生词的数量，较好地处理合成词与控制生词的数量，较好地处理合成词与派生词。第四、派生词。第四、阅读材料的主题明确，阅读材料的主题明确，话题新颖，有时代感。话题新颖，有时代感。第五、语言地道，条理清晰，结构第五、语言地道，条理清晰，结构紧凑，在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑紧凑，在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上有较大的复杂性。推理上有较大的复杂性。第六、体裁多样化，有叙述文、说体裁多样化，有叙述文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。明文、议论文、应用文等。有的试题有的试题是有关考查特定信息能力的

4、广告、公是有关考查特定信息能力的广告、公告类材料，也有的是选用科普、新闻告类材料，也有的是选用科普、新闻等体裁等体裁 阅读能力重点考查点为以下几种阅读能力重点考查点为以下几种阅读技能：阅读技能：一、信息搜寻准确到位的能力一、信息搜寻准确到位的能力这类试题常见的测试方式有根据文章这类试题常见的测试方式有根据文章判断选项的正误、筛选错误的信息、判断选项的正误、筛选错误的信息、挑选符合题意的选项等。挑选符合题意的选项等。（02）These two letters appeared in a newspaper.Both writes have their own ideas on zoosZoos

5、Do a Good JobIt is good to keep animals in zoos.I know a lot of people think it is wrong to keep animals in zoos.However,I believe that zoos have many points.Zoos Are UnnaturalIn Marias letter,she says that zoos are good for animals.I am afraid that zoos are not good for animals,they are only good f

6、or people.()Maria and Philip have quite different ideas on keeping animals in zoos.TFirstly,zoos are places for people to see many different kinds of animals from all over the world.Without zoos,most people would never see a real bear or tiger.It is unnatural and unfair to keep wild animals in cages

7、.Most animals are kept in cages that are too small for them.In the wild,these animals travel freely.In zoos,they cant do this.This is why the bears and tigers always look so sad()In Marias opinion,a real bear or tiger can only be seen in zoos.Fl二、二、对细节语义转换理解的能对细节语义转换理解的能力力这类试题往往提供数字、图标和文这类试题往往提供数字、图

8、标和文字描写等特定的情景，常常要求考字描写等特定的情景，常常要求考生换个角度思考，只不过是叙述的生换个角度思考，只不过是叙述的角度与表述的语言不同。这类试题角度与表述的语言不同。这类试题在阅读理解试题中占的比例较大。在阅读理解试题中占的比例较大。01(A)JOIN US IN THE HUANPU RIVER TOUR The Huanpu River is must-see for tourists.You can enjoy the“museum of international architecture on the Bund”and the skyline of Lujiazui in

9、 PudongYou can also see videos,sing songs or watch wonderful performances on the boat.()The Huanpu River is a very popular place for tourist.()Different kinds of recreations are offered on the boat.TT The tour guide will tell you something about Shanghais today and yesterday both in Chinese and in E

10、nglish.We offer three different boat tours along the river every day.One is the 1.5-hour trip to see Yangpu Bridge at the price of 25-35yuan($3-4.2).The second is the 2-hour trip to Gaoqiao at the price of 50-100yuan($6-12).The third trip is the 3.5-hour trip to Wusongkou,the mouth of the Yangtze Ri

11、ver where it runs into the East China Sea.This costs 50-100yuan($6-12).()Its not difficult for foreigners to learn something about Shanghai on the boat.()It takes two hours to travel to Yangpu Bridge.()The trip to Gaoqiao is the most expensive and it takes most time.TFFl 三、三、对词义转换的理解能力对词义转换的理解能力这类试题

12、常见的命题方式是根据这类试题常见的命题方式是根据上下文猜测划线词的语义或者选上下文猜测划线词的语义或者选择一个近义词等。择一个近义词等。New York,London,Pairs and other big cities are exciting places to live in.There are may interesting things to see and to do.You can go to different kinds of museums,plays and films.You can also buy things from all over the world.“T”

13、or“F”()1.In big cities people can go to the all kinds of museums,plays and movies()2.People can buy things from throughout the world.TT四、具备一定的经验常识的能力四、具备一定的经验常识的能力 此类题主要是考查中学生应有的此类题主要是考查中学生应有的多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天多项综合知识，包括：社会知识、天文知识、史地知识、科普知识、语言文知识、史地知识、科普知识、语言国家的文化背景及对生活常识的主观国家的文化背景及对生活常识的主观掌握程度。此类题往往可以

14、凭借掌握程度。此类题往往可以凭借学生学生自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、自己的常识进行判断，然后做出正确、符合这些规律的选择。符合这些规律的选择。（03）Winter is dangerous because its so difficult to know what is going to happen and accidents take place so easily.Fog can be waiting to meet you over the top of a hill.Ice might be hiding under the melting snow,waiting ahead

15、 to send you off the road.The car coming to you may suddenly slip across the road Generally,all twice of your usual stopping distance when the road is wet,three times this distance on snow,and even more on ice.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.Traffic accidents take place easily in winter.B.Fog a

16、nd melting snow often cause car accidents.C.The stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one.D.In winter you should drive your car with great care.五、五、对文章主旨、作者图意的分析对文章主旨、作者图意的分析能力能力 这属于较高层次的考查思维能力的试题，这属于较高层次的考查思维能力的试题，包括考查想像思维、逻辑思维以及从局部到包括考查想像思维、逻辑思维以及从局部到整体的概括思维能力等。虽然一篇文章的细整体的概括思维能力等。虽然一篇文章

17、的细节内容可能很多，但是核心思想都可以用一节内容可能很多，但是核心思想都可以用一句或几句话概括，句或几句话概括，甚至三言两语即可。甚至三言两语即可。“归归纳纳”和概括和概括“考查的重点是在理解文章的基考查的重点是在理解文章的基础上对文章进一步分析和整理的能力，它可础上对文章进一步分析和整理的能力，它可以要求归纳某一段落的中心思想，也可以要以要求归纳某一段落的中心思想，也可以要求对文章整篇内容做归纳，如给文章选择合求对文章整篇内容做归纳，如给文章选择合适的标题等。适的标题等。l 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的键。因此，在做题时，要注意

18、每段的主题句主题句(往往为第一句往往为第一句)。英文叫。英文叫“Topic Sentence”“Topic Sentence”，它一般都用来，它一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，有时会在表示一个段落的主旨大意，有时会在文章的最后一段总结文章的主旨文章的最后一段总结文章的主旨,抓抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。题。这一类题型为主题问题。如：这一类题型为主题问题。如：lWhat is the main idea of this What is the main idea of this passagepassage？lWhat does the passage

19、 maily talk What does the passage maily talk aboutabout？lWhat does the writer want to What does the writer want to tell ustell us？lFrom the passage,we learn From the passage,we learn thatthatl另一类为标题问题。另一类为标题问题。lWhich is the best title of this Which is the best title of this articlearticle？(05)When m

20、y family moved to America from a small village in Guangdong,China,we brought not only our luggage,but also our village rules,customs and culture,One of the rules is that young people should always respect elders.Unluckily,this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.Which is the

21、 best title for this passage?A.Different countries,different customsB.Old people,old customsC.Different restaurants,different services.D.Differences between old and young.(03)Which traffic sign shows the main idea of the passageA.B.SLOWN DOWNNOW FOGAHEADDRIVE CAREFULLYICE ON ROADAHEADC.D.SLOW DOWNAC

22、CIDENTAHEADDRIVE CAREFULLY ROAD REPAIRSAHEAD(01)Everyone can help to save paper.If we all think carefully,we can help protect trees.But we should do it now,before it is too late.Which is the best title of the passage?A.Saving paperB.The History of paperC.Cotton Handkerchiefs Back AgainD.Cai Lun,the

23、Great Inventor02 From the passage,we learn that_A.we need wood to build houses,so we have to cut down trees.B.the rainforest people have done something to protect their home.C.to humans,gold is more important than trees.D.we mustn t cut down any trees or kill any animals.六、获取事实、分析细节的能力事实、分析细节的能力 此类题

24、型的问题以此类题型的问题以whatwhat、whowho、whichwhich、whenwhen、wherewhere、howhow或者或者whywhy等等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。做体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。做好这类题的要领是：好这类题的要领是：1.1.明确题意，按明确题意，按照要求，寻找答案来源。照要求，寻找答案来源。2.2.开放性问开放性问题要找准关键词，题要找准关键词，理解有些暗示的句理解有些暗示的句子。子。3.3.多读文章，尤其是根问题有关多读文章，尤其是根问题有关的上下文，正确使用排除法。的上下文，正确使用排除

25、法。05）A forest fire that burned 55 square kilometres was finally brought under control on Wednesday morning.The fire started on Sunday in Black Bear State Park and quickly spread to nearby areas.On Monday,police evacuated the small town of Lawson and ordered the people to leave their homesWhen and wh

26、ere did the forest fire start?The fire started_.What did the police order the people to do?The police ordered the people to_.on Sunday in Black Bear State Parkleave their homes05)The fire spread quickly in the hot,dry weather.Fire fighting was difficult because of strong winds.Firemen from 55 fire d

27、epartments in the state joined the National Fire Service to put out the fire.Some kept fighting for 24 hours.Fire engines and helicopters dropped water onto the fireWhy was fire fighting difficult?Because_.How did the firemen drop water onto the fire?They_ to drop water onto fire.of strong windsused

28、 fire engines and helicopters Police closed King Road to traffic on Tuesday because of heavy smoke.Thousands of tourists had to drive an hour north to Queen Road to pass the fire area.Some people did not follow the police order.Paul Grayson sent his wife and two children to safety,but he stayed he s

29、tarted thinking,“Am I foolish?Did I stay here too long,just for a house?”How long did the tourists have to drive north to Queen Road to pass the fire area?What kind of person do you think Paul Grayson was?_An hourHe was not foolish/He was brave/responsible for his family.04）Subject:Complaints Date:M

30、ay 30,2004 From: To:Dear Sir or Madam,Last Thursday,I travelled on the 8:40 a.m.train from glasgow to London Kings Cross and I was very unhappy with the service provided by your company.Where did David Robertson get on the train last Thursday?In _.Glasgow The train was forty minutes late leaving Gla

31、sgow,and although the guard apologized,we were not given any reason for the delay As a result,I missed my flight from London Healthrow to Frankfurt and had to wait for several hours.What time did the train start its trip to Kings Cross that morning?At_.What happened to David because of the delay of

32、the train?He missed the flight and had to _.9:20wait for several hoursWhats more,the service on the train was also very poor.The trip takes over five hours,unluckily,there was no restaurant car on the train and only a bar with soft drinks.Worst of all,the air condition broken down half-way through t

33、he trip and it got hotter and hotter in the train.What did the bar on the train serve?_.Why did it get hotter and hotter in the train?Because_.Soft drinksthe air condition broke downWhat do you think the company will do after they receive David email?I think they will _.say sorry to him/apologize to

34、 him/give him some money/offer him a free trip/reply to the email.七、推理判断能力七、推理判断能力 考查推理判断能力是对考生潜在能力的考查推理判断能力是对考生潜在能力的测试，读文章不完全是被动的测试，读文章不完全是被动的“读读”，而要，而要主动的主动的“思思”，探究文章之外的知识。根据，探究文章之外的知识。根据文章内容进行推断时要有理有据，有时文章文章内容进行推断时要有理有据，有时文章没有现成的结论，要根据文章内容进行合理没有现成的结论，要根据文章内容进行合理的思想推断。有时试题的题目在设计时对文的思想推断。有时试题的题目在设计

35、时对文章中的说法变换了叙述角度或表达方式，是章中的说法变换了叙述角度或表达方式，是否符合题意不能直接看出，需要在正确把握否符合题意不能直接看出，需要在正确把握文章的前提下分析判断，从而推理出符合文文章的前提下分析判断，从而推理出符合文章意思的正确选项。章意思的正确选项。03)Dan had never seen Alf.He had only two clues.One was an old photo that show Alf and Jed.But it was taken on their tenth birthday,fifty years ago.The other clue wa

36、s a post card from Alf.When Mrs.Sydney finished her story,she smiled.“All right,Kate,”she said.“how did he know Alf?”Kate smiled too,“Thats easy,”she said.You told me how.The clue was the photo.”You said it was taken when both boys were ten years old,so they were”What was Kates answer to the mystery

37、?Kate said,”so they were_.twins/twin brothers在阅读时在阅读时,应该该掉以下不良习惯应该该掉以下不良习惯:1.1.有声阅读，即眼、口、耳、脑一起运动。有声阅读，即眼、口、耳、脑一起运动。而无声阅读，省却了口的发音和耳的监而无声阅读，省却了口的发音和耳的监听，因而阅读速度快。听，因而阅读速度快。2.2.指读，即用手指或指着文字逐句阅读。指读，即用手指或指着文字逐句阅读。在指读时一遇到生词，常会被迫停下来。在指读时一遇到生词，常会被迫停下来。我们要学会按照意群理解的跳读法。我们要学会按照意群理解的跳读法。3.3.译读，即边读边将材料译成母语帮助理译读，即

38、边读边将材料译成母语帮助理解，费时耗力，且妨碍了语感的养成。解，费时耗力，且妨碍了语感的养成。先认真考虑一下文章的标题，先认真考虑一下文章的标题，根据标题预测一下文章的内容。另根据标题预测一下文章的内容。另外，如果文章中有小标题和插图、外，如果文章中有小标题和插图、图表的话，也最好先看一看；还可图表的话，也最好先看一看；还可以注意一下文中的黑体字或斜体字以注意一下文中的黑体字或斜体字部分。在阅读文章前先快速浏览一部分。在阅读文章前先快速浏览一下题目，大致了解考查的内容，带下题目，大致了解考查的内容，带着目的去读，这样更有针对性。着目的去读，这样更有针对性。是一种快速阅读，目的是大是一种快速阅读

39、，目的是大概了解读物的主要内容。概了解读物的主要内容。阅读时阅读时要注意要注意:1.文章标题文章标题 2.文章开头文章开头语与结尾语与结尾 3.表明文章题旨的中心表明文章题旨的中心句或关键语句或关键语 4.如有图表特别仔细如有图表特别仔细观察观察.读也是一种快速的阅读方法，阅读也是一种快速的阅读方法，阅读的目的不是为了了解文章的大意读的目的不是为了了解文章的大意（Reading quickly to get the main ideas），而是有目的有计划的查找），而是有目的有计划的查找所需的具体内容或信息所需的具体内容或信息(Go through a text to find a parti

40、cular piece of information）。）。l细读是指对文章逐字逐句的阅读，细读是指对文章逐字逐句的阅读，以便掌握文章的全部内容，了解细以便掌握文章的全部内容，了解细节，诸如时间、地点、人物、事件、节，诸如时间、地点、人物、事件、数量数量(即即:who,when,where,what,:who,when,where,what,how,why)how,why)以及读懂字里行间的潜以及读懂字里行间的潜在意思，领悟作者的意向和态度。在意思，领悟作者的意向和态度。对于没有学过的生词要根据上下文对于没有学过的生词要根据上下文来推测词义，对于长句或难句要做来推测词义，对于长句或难句要做语法分析，分清主次，理顺句间与语法分析，分清主次，理顺句间与词间关系，做到彻底理解词间关系，做到彻底理解 l即跳跃式阅读即跳跃式阅读,有目的的查找、搜有目的的查找、搜寻有关信息和资料，时而详，时寻有关信息和资料，时而详，时而略、时而跳过某些无关的内容。而略、时而跳过某些无关的内容。做法是边阅读，边思考，边理解，做法是边阅读，边思考，边理解，遇到生词或疑难点可暂做个记号，不遇到生词或疑难点可暂做个记号，不要停顿，继续往下读。有些生词或疑要停顿，继续往下读。有些生词或疑难点会在阅读的上下文中得到启示或难点会在阅读的上下文中得到启示或解决。解决。