中考阅读理解解析课件.ppt

1、The Skills ofreading comprehension四、阅读四、阅读(40分分)XI.短文填空短文填空实词为主，兼顾虚词实词为主，兼顾虚词XII.阅读理解阅读理解答题形式多样答题形式多样文化意识文化意识体裁丰富体裁丰富题材各异题材各异励志、传递爱心励志、传递爱心完形填空完形填空常用的测试题型有：常用的测试题型有：（1 1）正误判断正误判断 （2 2）单项选择单项选择（3 3）完成句子）完成句子 （4 4）重新排序）重新排序（5 5）简答简答 （6 6）还原句子还原句子（7 7）信息匹配信息匹配 （8 8）完成表格）完成表格（9 9）短文填空短文填空/完形填空完形填空题材和体裁题

2、材和体裁说明文、记叙文、议论文、应用文，说明文、记叙文、议论文、应用文，内容涉及社会文化、科普、史地、内容涉及社会文化、科普、史地、人物传记、故事、轶文趣事、哲理人物传记、故事、轶文趣事、哲理小品、新闻、广告、图表等。小品、新闻、广告、图表等。选材选材 具有信息性、真实性、知识性、具有信息性、真实性、知识性、启发性、导向性与教育性；紧跟启发性、导向性与教育性；紧跟时代的步伐，贴近中学生的生活。时代的步伐，贴近中学生的生活。包含多方面有价值的信息和启迪包含多方面有价值的信息和启迪思维的材料。不单纯考查阅读能思维的材料。不单纯考查阅读能力，而是让学生通过答卷能学到力，而是让学生通过答卷能学到一些知

3、识，感悟一些道理，多一一些知识，感悟一些道理，多一份爱心。份爱心。短文填空答题策略短文填空答题策略 重视首句，把握开篇；重视首句，把握开篇；速读全文，掌握大意；速读全文，掌握大意；抓住词性，看准搭配抓住词性，看准搭配；瞻前顾后，注意提示；瞻前顾后，注意提示；看清位置，找出关联；看清位置，找出关联；复核全文，调整答案。复核全文，调整答案。2012年中考年中考VI.短文填空从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文。短文填空从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文。（方框中有两个选项是多余的）（方框中有两个选项是多余的）（10分）分）1.1.材料语言丰富、篇章结构紧凑材料语言丰富、篇章结构紧凑,有较好的连贯性。有较好的

4、连贯性。2.2.语言难度适当，文中的主人公刘伟是语言难度适当，文中的主人公刘伟是20112011年年中国中国达人秀达人秀的获胜者，而且很多电台都报到过他的事的获胜者，而且很多电台都报到过他的事迹，具有教育意义。迹，具有教育意义。3.3.所选短文的长度适当所选短文的长度适当,试题各类考点分布均衡。试题各类考点分布均衡。4.4.文中引用马丁文中引用马丁.路德路德.金的话（八年级下金的话（八年级下ReadingReading中的人物），学生不陌生。中的人物），学生不陌生。5.5.励志的谚语：励志的谚语：Where there is a will,there Where there is a will

5、,there is a way.is a way.短文填空 从方框中选择正确选项。完成短文并将其字母序号写在短文后面的空格内。(方框中有两个选项是多余的)(10分)Alater Bnothing Cterrible Dneither Ehope Fsomething Gfastest Hbroke Iwithout Jmeet Keither Lwinner Sometimes,life isnt as perfect as we imagine.If so,what will you do?Liu Wei,the famous pianist 61 arms in China,is a go

6、od example.He lost his arms in a 62 accident when he was only 10 years old.However,he wanted to keep his dream.He learned to swim in a recovery(康复)hospital when he was 12.Two years 63 ,he won two gold medals in a National Swimming Championship for the disabled.After that,he began to learn how to typ

7、e with his feet.He 64 the world record and became the person who could type 65 with his feet.In the following years,he started learning to play the piano.Last year,he became the 66 of China s Got Talent Show(中国达人秀).He always says,There are two ways in my life.I will 67 live a wonderful life or die.W

8、e can learn 68 from Liu Wei.No matter how hard the life is,keep smiling to ourselves.Martin Luther King has ever said,We must accept(接受)disappointment in our life,but we must never lose our 69 What he said is quite true.When we 70 difficulties.Please face them bravely.Where there is a will,there is

9、a way.61.I.without 介词 62.C.terrible 形容词63.A.later 64.H.broke动词和时态 65.G.fastest 副词最高级66.L.winner名词 67.K.either 68.F.something不定代词 69.E.hope 名词 70.J.meet动词短文填空 从方框中选择正确选项。完成短文并将其字母序号写在短文后面的空格内。(方框中有两个选项是多余的)(10分)Alater Bnothing Cterrible Dneither Ehope Fsomething Gfastest Hbroke Iwithout Jmeet Keither

10、 Lwinner Sometimes,life isnt as perfect as we imagine.If so,what will you do?Liu Wei,the famous pianist 61 arms in China,is a good example.He lost his arms in a 62 accident when he was only 10 years old.However,he wanted to keep his dream.He learned to swim in a recovery(康复)hospital when he was 12.T

11、wo years 63 ,he won two gold medals in a National Swimming Championship for the disabled.After that,he began to learn how to type with his feet.He 64 the world record and became the person who could type 65 with his feet.In the following years,he started learning to play the piano.Last year,he becam

12、e the 66 of China s Got Talent Show(中国达人秀).He always says,There are two ways in my life.I will 67 live a wonderful life or die.We can learn 68 from Liu Wei.No matter how hard the life is,keep smiling to ourselves.Martin Luther King has ever said,We must accept(接受)disappointment in our life,but we mu

13、st never lose our 69 What he said is quite true.When we 70 difficulties.Please face them bravely.Where there is a will,there is a way.考点 介词、形容词、副词（介词、形容词、副词（2个）、动词时态、个）、动词时态、副词最高级、名词、不定代词、动词（副词最高级、名词、不定代词、动词（2个）个）考查知识均衡、全面。内容励志。考查知识均衡、全面。内容励志。61.I.without 介词 62.C.terrible 形容词63.A.later 副词 64.H.broke

14、动词和时态65.G.fastest 副词最高级 66.L.winner名词 67.K.either副词 68.F.something不定代词 69.E.hope 名词 70.J.meet动词 完型填空完型填空一、中考对完型填空的考查一、中考对完型填空的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：主要集中在以下几个方面：1 1、首先是测试考生对篇、首先是测试考生对篇章的理解能力。章的理解能力。2 2、其次测试考生使用词、其次测试考生使用词汇和语法结构的能力。汇和语法结构的能力。三、如何做好完型填空题？三、如何做好完型填空题？1 1、完型填空是以挖空的形式对语篇进行考、完型填空是以挖空的形式对语篇进行考察，因此要

15、提高完型填空题的做题正确率，最根察，因此要提高完型填空题的做题正确率，最根本的方法是平时进行大量的阅读，增强语感和词本的方法是平时进行大量的阅读，增强语感和词汇量。汇量。2 2、在做题的过程中，大家会发现虽然所给、在做题的过程中，大家会发现虽然所给出的文章被抽去了出的文章被抽去了1010个词，但是整篇文章的内容个词，但是整篇文章的内容仍是可以理解的。如果同学们不能理解文章内容，仍是可以理解的。如果同学们不能理解文章内容，就难以将正确的词填入文中。这也就是完型填空就难以将正确的词填入文中。这也就是完型填空题与以单句形式考查词汇和语法的题的根本区别。题与以单句形式考查词汇和语法的题的根本区别。由此

16、可见，在答题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，不由此可见，在答题时必须时刻从上下文考虑，不应该只看到所填入的词在短语或句子内是否可行。应该只看到所填入的词在短语或句子内是否可行。因此，在做题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全因此，在做题时最好将全文通读一下，了解了全文的意思以后再做。文的意思以后再做。3 3、在完型填空的题中，首句一般不会设空，、在完型填空的题中，首句一般不会设空，但是同学们对于首句应该给与足够的重视，因为但是同学们对于首句应该给与足够的重视，因为往往它就是中心句或是引导句，它的时态往往决往往它就是中心句或是引导句，它的时态往往决定了全文的时态，所以多花一点时间看首句是值定了全文的时态，所以

17、多花一点时间看首句是值得的。得的。4 4、然后以句子为单位一句一句地读，一句、然后以句子为单位一句一句地读，一句一句地填空，主要考虑语法、句意、逻辑和上下一句地填空，主要考虑语法、句意、逻辑和上下文联系。暂时填不出来的就空在那里，等回过头文联系。暂时填不出来的就空在那里，等回过头来再处理。来再处理。5 5、最后通读一遍，完成没有填的空，再看、最后通读一遍，完成没有填的空，再看看填的顺不顺，不顺的地方大胆修改。看填的顺不顺，不顺的地方大胆修改。6 6、在做题的同时，同学们还要借助自己各、在做题的同时，同学们还要借助自己各方面的知识和生活常识等，对文章内容进行更好方面的知识和生活常识等，对文章内容

18、进行更好的把握和猜测。的把握和猜测。A French couple,Paul and Mary,were in Hong Kong on holiday and went to a restaurant for a meal.They1speack Chinese or English well,so they had to use body language to2their meal.The3nodded and smiled and started to go to the kitchen.They had their pet4,Rosa,with them,Mary and her h

19、usband thought that Rosa was5,too.So they called the waiter back and pointed at Rosa,and make eating gestures(手势)，the waiter didnt seem to 6and looked puzzled.But in the end he smiled and nodded and picked up the dog and 7it into the kitchen.Paul and Mary were pleased and talked about their holiday

20、experiences until their food was ready.8about an hour the waiter returned with their main food on a lager dish covered with a big lid(盖子).Youll9belive this,but it really happened.When they took off the lid they10their dog inside.They both felt greatly surprised and sad took the next plane back to Pa

21、ris.1.A.neednt B mustnt.C.couldnt D.shouldnt 2.A.order B.place C.eat D.hold 3.A.actor B.waiter C.conductor D.tourist 4.A.cat B.pig C.dog D.fish 5.A.thirsty B.tired C.cold D.hungry 6.A.progress B.forget C.reply D.understand 7.A.stole B.took C.robbed D.saved 8.A.Before B.After C.always.D.already 9.A.c

22、ertainly B.never C.always Dalready.10.A.kept B.called C.found D.sent 阅读理解阅读理解答题策略答题策略中考阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用语言中考阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用语言的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力和对材料的评估能力括能力、逻辑推理能力和对材料的评估能力等。做阅读理解题应注意：等。做阅读理解题应注意：浏览浏览全文，捕捉信息全文，捕捉信息 读读思考思考题题，分析信息，分析信息 复读复读全文，抓住细节全文，抓住细节 解答解答问题，决定答案问题，决定答案

23、 再读再读全文，核对答案。全文，核对答案。阅读理解答题策略课标上的课标上的题型题型：1.回答问题回答问题2.还原句子还原句子3.选择各段主要内容选择各段主要内容4.选择各段标题选择各段标题5.考察的主要考察的主要内容内容为为细节事实、主细节事实、主旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测 阅读理解阅读理解答题策略答题策略阅读理解中回答问题的阅读理解中回答问题的10分分1.疑问句的种类及应答语疑问句的种类及应答语2.时态的变化时态的变化3.人称的转变人称的转变疑问句的种类及应答语疑问句的种类及应答语 一般疑问句一般疑问句否定式疑问句否定式疑问句通常是以通常是以be/情态动词情态动词/

24、助动词助动词not的缩写形式开头的。表示请求、看法的缩写形式开头的。表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习惯不一样。或者惊讶等。其答语和汉语习惯不一样。Arent you a student?_/_“你不是一名学生吗？你不是一名学生吗？”“不，我是。不，我是。”/“是的，我不是。是的，我不是。”Yes,I am.No,I am not.疑问句的种类及应答语疑问句的种类及应答语 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 what,which,what class,what time,what number who,whom,whose,how,how many,how much,how old,how long,

25、how often,how far where,when,why疑问句的种类及应答语疑问句的种类及应答语 选择疑问句选择疑问句Is he Chinese or Japanese?Hes Chinese.反意疑问句反意疑问句 The boy is a Chinese,isnt he?Yes./No.阅读理解阅读理解答题策略答题策略 时态的变化时态的变化文章中的时态和问题中的时态不一致文章中的时态和问题中的时态不一致 人称的转变人称的转变对文章中人称的转变；对问题中人称的对文章中人称的转变；对问题中人称的转变转变 When we do some reading,we have to do thes

26、e problems:1.Main idea(大意)2.Details (细节)3.New words(生词)4.logic(逻辑)5.Inferring(推断)6.Attitude(态度)Do you know why snakes stick out their tongues?They use their tongues to pick up smells and to feel things.The snakes tongue is not a stinger(螫刺螫刺)as many people think.The snake is just touching and smelli

27、ng with it.The passage mainly talks about_.A.snakes and the smells B.the reason why snakes stick out their tongues C.the tongues of the snakes are dangerous.阅读理解题目的设置方式：阅读理解题目的设置方式：1.1.归纳主旨句归纳主旨句B 2.把握文章事实、查找细节型；把握文章事实、查找细节型；(1)He/she should have an interest in making pizza.More importantly,he/she s

28、hould have work experience in a restaurant.The ad tells us that_ A.The assistant must be a man.B.The assistant must have once worked in a restaurant.C.Pucci pizza has branches all over China.Bwork experience(2)In the past,there were forests all around the lake,so rainwater was clean.In the past,the

29、lake was surrounded(环绕环绕)by_.A.fish B.rain B.C.birds D.forestsDforests One day we invited some friends to dinner.When it was about six oclock,my wife found that we had little bread.So she asked our five-year-old daughter,Kathy,to buy some.One day,Kathys parents invited some friends to_.A.have breakf

30、ast B.have lunch C.have supper D.have a party.3.逻辑推理型逻辑推理型 根据常识判断根据常识判断Csix oclock4.理解词句理解词句,猜测生词含义型猜测生词含义型 Now there are many houses around the lake.people often use chemicals in their gardens.They use other chemicals in side their houses for cleaning or killing insects(昆虫昆虫).There are also many bu

31、sinessmen.Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.“Chemical”in the story means_.A.化学家化学家 B.污染品污染品 C.药品药品 D.化学制品化学制品D2012年吉林省中考英语阅读 A Blue Ocean Aquarium is a great place for families to take a holiday.Children love to seethe sea animals and watch movies about sharks in it.Last Saturday

32、morning,Mr Jackson took his wife and two little sons to the aquarium.Atthe ticket office,he asked,How much shall I pay to get in?The woman at the ticket officeanswered,The price is 20 dollars for each adult or any kid older than five.We let kids in free(免费)if they are five or younger.How old are you

33、r kids?Mr Jackson said,The older oneis six and the younger one is thee.I think I must buy three tickets.The woman wassurprised.She said,Sir,dont you want to save 20 dollars?If you tell me your older son isfive,I wont know the difference.Mr Jackson said with a smile,Yes,that sounds right,but my kids

34、will know the difference.From Mr Jackson s story,we know honesty is very important in the modem society.Weshould tell the truth to the people around us,especially to the kids.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。(5 分)()71.There are people in this story.A.3 B.5 C.4 D.6()72.Mr Jackson paid for their tickets to the aquarium

35、at last.A.20 dollars B.40 dollars C.60 dollars D.80 dollars()73.Children can see_ in Blue Ocean Aquarium.A.dolphins B.pandas C.koalas D.tigers()74.The underlined word honesty means_ A.激情 B.友谊 C.乐观 D.诚实()75.What can we learn from the passage?A.Mr Jackson was very rich,B.Mr Jackson wasted to save some

36、 money.C.Mr Jackson paid for his two sons tickets in the end.D.Mr Jackson thought honesty was more important than money.小故事大道理小故事大道理 有推测词义，也是这篇文章有推测词义，也是这篇文章要表达的主题词。推断文章要表达的主题词。推断文章主旨主旨A(B)Have you ever been annoyed with yourself when you forget something important?Maybe you think you have a bad mem

37、ory,Do you know your memory,can be developed?Here are some ways for you to have a try.Be positive.Do not tell yourself your memory is bad,or your mind will believe it and you wont remember things easily.If you think you can,then you can.Relax yourself.People are too nervous to remember things well.R

38、elaxing will help you a lot.Take deep breathe(深呼吸)and you can remember things easily.Think more.Things you know may help you to remember something new.For example,when you remember the word classroom,think of the old words class and room,it will help you remember quickly.Do more practice.Like your b

39、ody,memory can be improved through exercise.The more times you practice,the more easily you will remember something.Eat healthy feed.Healthy eating can improve your memory.It is reported that fish is good for improving memory,so try to eat more fish from now on.根据短文内容判断下列各句正（T)、误(F)。(5分)()76.An acti

40、ve attitude is good for you to improve your memory.()77.Relaxing is not useful for people Io develop memory.()78.Something you already know may help you remember what you are learning.()79.Memory can t be improved by practicing.()80.If you want to have a better memory.,a healthy eating habit is very

41、 important.B 说明文，告诉大家如何提高说明文，告诉大家如何提高记忆力的好方法，有利于学记忆力的好方法，有利于学生的学习，提高学生的学习生的学习，提高学生的学习和生活质量。和生活质量。(C)I met Rose,my new classmate,on the first day of college.To my surprise,she was already 87 years old.Why are you in college at such a young age?I joked.I m here to meet a rich man,get married,have two

42、children,and then retire and travel.She answered.(81)_ Like young students,Rose was outgoing,kind and helpful,(82)_ Soon,she became a superstar in our college.At the end of the term,Rose wes invited to give us a speech.I will never forget what she said to us,There are only four secrets to staying yo

43、ung and achieving success.“First,you have to laugh and find humor(幽默)every day.Then，you need to have a dream.(83)Next，find any chance to change yourself.Finally，people shouldnt have regrets(遗憾)for things they didnt do.”(84)Over 2000 students went to her funeral(葬礼)to express their love to the wonder

44、ful woman.The great woman didnt live in this world any longer,but she gave us an unforgettable lesson in life.That is-(85)Dont you think so?从方框内选择适当的句子补全短文使短文意思通顺结构完整。（5分）A.When you lose your dream,you die.B.She always had friends around her.C.Never too old to learn.D.One week after she finished her

45、 college,she died in her sleep peacefully.E.Both of us laughed,because we knew what she said wasnt true.C 励志的小短文，告诉我们一个道理：Never too old to learn.（D)Betty and I are best friends.Our birthdays are on the same day,so every year we have abirthday party together.But this year,we had a costume party inste

46、ad.While we were writing the invitations,my mum came in and asked,Why not inviteJohn?”John had been in our class for only a few months,but he was already getting bettergrades in math than anyone else in class.1 wrinkled(皱起)my nose,“Mum,he wears thesame pants to school every day.How could he even aff

47、ord a costume?“Mum said nothing.Thenext day.mum gave me an envelope with a shopping certificate in it.“I thought it would benice for you to give this to John.”Mum said.But how?We didnt want to make Johnembarrassed.We discussed it for a long time.Finally,Betty and I had a good idea.On the day of our

48、party,kids arrived,dressed differently.John arrived,in an old sheet(床单),but still in the same brown pants as usual.We danced,ate snacks and played gamesin groups.Before eating the birthday cake,Betty said in a loud voice,Now its time for thegreat prize game.It s the following riddle.It was a math ga

49、me.None of us was surprisedwhen John came up with the right answer first and walked off with the envelope.Everything went on well as we planned.John wore a new pair of pants and a new shirt thenext week.He felt happy.So did we.When we help others,we need to find a proper way,or we may hurt them in a

50、nother way.根据短文内容选择正确答案。(5分)()86.The two girls and John were in the same_ A.group B.family C.team D.class ()87.John s family may be very according to the passage.A.far B.poor C.rich D.small ()88.How did John get the prize,during the party?A.By helping others.B.By asking for help.C.By getting good gr