高三英语阅读理解之细节理解课件(共18张).ppt

1、阅读理解阅读理解Reading comprehension主旨和要义（主旨和要义（主旨大意主旨大意题题）理解文章的基本结构理解文章的基本结构（逻辑结构题）（逻辑结构题）理解文中具体信息理解文中具体信息（细节理解题细节理解题）根据文中信息根据文中信息做出判断和推做出判断和推理理(推理判断题推理判断题)猜词义猜词义题题理解作者的意图，理解作者的意图，观点和态度观点和态度Step1 Revision goals(复习目标）复习目标）1.让学生理解细节理解题正确选项和错误选项的设置让学生理解细节理解题正确选项和错误选项的设置方法。方法。2.通过练习，让学生掌握细节理解题的解题技巧。通过练习，让学生掌握

2、细节理解题的解题技巧。Step2 Interpretation of test points(考点解读）考点解读）细节理解题在细节理解题在15道阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，以道阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，以选择题的形式呈现。选择题的形式呈现。Step 3 专题整合专题整合&（和）（和）Step 4 Practice related to the important points （考题讲练）（考题讲练）第一讲细节理解题解题策略第一讲细节理解题解题策略题型概述题型概述细节理解题解细节理解题解直接直接信息信息型型语义语义理解理解型型图文图文转换转换型型是非是非辨别辨别型型事实事实排序排序型型数字数字计

3、算计算型型典例1(2019全国卷C篇).In a study describing the technology,the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates.The researchers say t

4、hat the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive,plasticlike parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.30What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?AItll be environmentfriendly.BItll reach consumers soon.CItll be made o

5、f plastics.DItll help speed up typing.解析B根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”及关键词“expect”与最后一句中“hope”的呼应，可直接定位到最后一句话“该团队希望在不久的将来，将智能键盘推向市场”。故选B。1.定位对比破解直接信息题定位对比破解直接信息题解题指导：解题指导：审读题干，提取关键信审读题干，提取关键信息息速读定位原文速读定位原文比对选项与文中细节比对选项与文中细节，得出答案。，得出答案。1典例2(2019全国卷A篇).Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)Through the Summer Empl

6、oyment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability

7、.23Which program favors the disabled?AJobs for Youth.BSummer Company.CStewardship Youth Ranger Program.DSummer Employment Opportunities.解析D根据题干中的关键词“the disabled(残疾人)”可直接定位到最后一则暑期工作公告中的“persons with a disability”两者属于典型的同义词替换，故选D。2.同义互释破解间接信息题同义互释破解间接信息题解题指导审读题干，提取关键信息解题指导审读题干，提取关键信息速读定位原文，将试题信息与原文信息

8、速读定位原文，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换进行语义转换(同义或近义词语同义或近义词语)逐一核对逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。典例3(2018江苏高考A篇).Admission$25.00 recommended for adults,$12.00 recommended for students,includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊)on the same day;free for children under 12 with an adult.56How much may they pay if an

9、 11yearold girl and her working parents visit the museum?A$12.B$37.C$50.D$62.解析C根据题干关键词How much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息$25.00 recommended for adults,$12.00 recommended for students,includes the Main Building and The Cloisters on the same day;free for children under 12 with an adult.可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免

10、费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。通过计算可知答案应为C项。3.整合推算破解数字计算题整合推算破解数字计算题解题指导解题指导审读题干，提取关键信息审读题干，提取关键信息定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落运运用数学公式进行推算，得出答案。用数学公式进行推算，得出答案。典例4A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的)reaction which stopped his heart.Izz

11、y,nine,restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother,Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.However,she quickly discovered her arms werent strong e

12、nough,so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压)until the ambulance arrived.Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said,“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use

13、 hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”“Shes a little star，”said Debbie,“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just cant believe what she did.I really think all children sho

14、uld be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.”Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the n

15、ext day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999.Izzy learned

16、 CPR.Colms heart stopped.A BC D解析通过速读原文我们可知第一件事是Colms heart stopped，而最后一件事是Izzy kicked Colm，故答案为B项。4.首尾定位破解细节排序题首尾定位破解细节排序题解题指导解题指导审读题干和四个选项的内容审读题干和四个选项的内容利用利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围如排序内容较如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范围；多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，进一步缩小范围；如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。A newly-published

17、study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another,like a disease.Researchers used information from the Framingham Study,which began in 1948.The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health,personal behavior and diet.At first,the study involved about 5,000

18、 people in the American state of Massachusetts.Now,more than 12,000 individuals are taking part.Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person.So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking.University of Chicago psychologist John

19、 Cacioppo led the recent study.1.What is true about the Framingham Study?A.It was only conducted in 1948.B.It involves more than 12,000 participants.C.It was led by John Cacioppo.D.It showed that any behavior could spread.偷梁换柱偷梁换柱张冠李戴张冠李戴扩大化扩大化University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the

20、 recent study.He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely.They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups.Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely.In fact,a friend of a lonely pe

21、rson was 52%more likely to develop feelings of loneliness.A friend of that person was 25%more likely.The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someones loneliness.2.If you are a friend of a lonely person,you may _A.be 52%more likely to have other lonely friends.B.b

22、e 25%more likely to have social connection with others.C.only have lonely friends.D.be affected and feel lonely more easily.偷梁换柱偷梁换柱偷梁换柱偷梁换柱绝对化绝对化 The effect was strongest among friends.Neighbors were the second most affected group.The effect was weaker on husbands and wives,and brothers and sisters

23、.The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men.The New York Times newspaper reports that,on average,people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year.It also found that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent,or two and a

24、 half fewer lonely days.3.Which statement about the spread of loneliness is true?A.The spreading effect was the second strongest among friends.B.No spreading effect was found on husbands and wives.C.Women are more likely to be affected than men.D.People experience loneliness about 48 days a year.偷梁换

25、柱偷梁换柱绝对化绝对化文不对题文不对题细节理解题干扰项的特征：细节理解题干扰项的特征：1）将原文内容）将原文内容扩大或缩小扩大或缩小。2）过度过度推论。推论。3）与原句内容相似但过于）与原句内容相似但过于绝对化绝对化。4）无中生有。（根据读者主观想象或推测得出结论，）无中生有。（根据读者主观想象或推测得出结论，而而文中无涉及文中无涉及。）。）5）偷梁换柱（）偷梁换柱（换词换词，改变原意；与原文内容，改变原意；与原文内容一半相同一半相同一半不同一半不同；加词加词）6）文不对题（是原文，但）文不对题（是原文，但与题干要求不符与题干要求不符）7）张冠李戴张冠李戴（把发生在（把发生在A身上的事情安排到身上的事情安排到B身上）身上）阅读理解：浏览全文（看大意，识结构）阅读理解：浏览全文（看大意，识结构）细看题干（题型分类，细看题干（题型分类，定位信息定位信息）精读信息（结合大意、题型特点；细心比对）精读信息（结合大意、题型特点；细心比对）浏览全文（确定答案）浏览全文（确定答案）Conclusion:Homework 1.大二轮专题复习P64-P662.专题配套作业P146-P147