1、Unit 1Subject The subject of a sentence is the person,place,thing,or idea that is doing or being something.1.What is Subject?You can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb.Ask the question,“Who or what verbs or verbed?”and the answer to that question is the subject.Noun,adjective,no
2、nfinite verb,it,nominative personal pronoun and the subject clause and so on.2.What can be used as Subject?A tree has fallen across the street.The ambulance is arriving.名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词的名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词的ing形式、从句等可作句子的主语。形式、从句等可作句子的主语。1.名词作主语名词作主语You are a middle school student.He lent me his new bike.
3、Three is enough.Two from five leave three.2.代词作主语代词作主语3.数词作主语数词作主语To find the truth is very difficult.Its is very difficult to find the truth.Smoking is bad for your health.Seeing is believing.4.不定式作主语不定式作主语5.动名词作主语动名词作主语A 动名词与不定式都可在句子中作主语。动名词与不定式都可在句子中作主语。动名词作主语时一般来说指的是一个概动名词作主语时一般来说指的是一个概念或一个既成事实。
4、念或一个既成事实。如：如：Teaching English is my job.Teaching English 是一个概念名词，而是一个概念名词，而不是一个动作。不是一个动作。B 当一个不定式短语作主语时，我们常用当一个不定式短语作主语时，我们常用It作形式主语，而把真正的主语作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定动词不定式放到句子后边。式放到句子后边。这样的句型还用在这样的句型还用在Itsfor sb.to doItsof sb.to do中。如果中。如果Its后边的后边的形容词与人的天资、秉性有关时，必须用形容词与人的天资、秉性有关时，必须用Itsof sb.to do；这类形容词包括；这类
5、形容词包括 good,bad,clever,stupid,wise,foolish,cruel,mean 等。如果等。如果Its后边的形容词与人的天资、秉后边的形容词与人的天资、秉性无关时，则要用性无关时，则要用Its for sb.to do。The rich should help the poor.Old and young walked side by side.The disabled are being carefully taken care of.6.名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语7.名词化的过去分词作主语名词化的过去分词作主语Whenever you come wi
6、ll be fine.8.从句作主语从句作主语作主语的从句称为主语从句，作主语的从句称为主语从句，可由可由that，whether，wh-词等引导。词等引导。Between six and seven in the morning is the time I go joggingNearby is a good place for camping9.有时介词短语、副词或其短语有时介词短语、副词或其短语 位于主语位置是倒装结构位于主语位置是倒装结构(1)It is+形容词形容词(possible,clear,true,necessary,likely,nice 等等)+that(2)It is+
7、名词名词（a pity,no use,a fact,no wonder 等）等）+that用用 it 作形式主语的句型有：作形式主语的句型有：(3)It+不及物动词不及物动词（follows,happens,turns out,goes without saying）+that(4)It is+过去分词过去分词（thought,known,mentioned,said,expected,suggested,may be safely said,must be admitted,has been decided）+that 在以上句型中在以上句型中It是形式主语是形式主语,真正的主真正的主语是语
8、是that引导的从句。引导的从句。在这样的主语从在这样的主语从句中句中that不能省略不能省略,就其本质讲，用就其本质讲，用Thatis well-known;Thatis said也也是可以的。但是经过长期使用是可以的。但是经过长期使用,上述句上述句型已经被固定下来。型已经被固定下来。What he had already forgotten about computer repair could fill whole volumes.3.A simple subject can be more than one word,even an entire clause.4.In English
9、,the subject of a command,order,or suggestion-you,the person being directed is usually left out of the sentence and is said to be the understood subject.e.g.1.You step lively there,or Ill leave you behind.2.Before assembling the swing set,you read these instructions carefully.5.For purposes of sente
10、nce analysis,the doer or the initiator of action in a sentence is referred to as the agent of the sentence.In an active sentence,the subject is the agent.e.g.1.The Johnsons added a double garage to their house.2.The jury returned a verdict of manslaughter.6.In a passive sentence,the agent is not the
11、 subject.In fact,sometimes a passive sentence willnot contain an agent.e.g.1.The deans report was reviewed by the faculty senate.2.Three cities in the countrys interior were bombed.AI thank you.BI never heard of it.CIt looks like it.DIt sounds like common sense to me.EIt serves him right.7.In famili
12、ar speech,the subject is sometimes left out when it is a pronoun.We call it omission of the subject.In spoken English we often hear sentences like this:AThank you.BNever heard of it.CLooks like it.DSounds like common sense to me.EServes him right.Underline the subject in these sentences.In groups,ch
13、eck your answers.Then discuss whether you agree with the ideas in the sentences or not.1 Everything that we do is a step in one direction or another.Even the failure to do something is in itself a deed.It sets us forward or backward.(Henry Van Dyke)2 To regret ones errors to the point of not repeati
14、ng them is true repentance.(Ernest Hemingway)3 The best companion is one who is wiser and better than ourselves,for we are inspired by his wisdom and virtue to nobler deeds.(William Makepeace Thayer)4 Being happy is better than being king.(West African saying)1 We wrote a letter of thanks to _ had h
15、elped us.A.who B.those C.whom D.whoever 2 Toms mother kept telling him that he mustnt smoke,but _ didnt help.A.he B.which C.it D.they3 _ you dont like him is none of my business.AWhat BIf CThat DWhether4 Just after finishing writing the composition,_.Athe doorbell rang loud BNancy heard the doorbell
16、 rang Csomeone knocked at the door Dthe doorbell was rung5-The exam was easy,wasnt it?-Yes,but I dont think _ could pass it.A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody6 They live on a busy main road._ must be very noisy.A.There B.It C.That D.They7 Im sure the Olympic Games will be held in 2008 in Chin
17、a,_?A.wont it B.wont they C.shall we D.arent I8 While watching TV,_.A.the boy came in B.my mother was cooking C.I heard a terrible noise D.the doorbell rang9 Hes late,_ is often the case.A.as B.what C.it D.this10It was the training that he has as a young man _ led to his success.A.that B.it C.which
18、D.who11_ about the history of that part because there is not enough written information.APeople know nothing BMuch is knownCPeople know a lot DLittle is known1 _ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（2006 辽宁卷）辽宁卷）A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever 2 _ team wins on Saturd
19、ay will go through to the national championships.（2006 山东卷）山东卷）A.No matter what B.No matter which C Whatever D.whichever3._ felt funny watching myself on TV.（2007 全国卷全国卷II）A.One B.This C.It D.That4._ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.（2007 上海卷）上海卷）A.That B.What C.Whether D.Where
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