1、Unit 1 Living WellDiscovering useful structuresRevision of theInfinitive不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式不定式1 结构结构:to do (否定否定)not/never to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进
2、行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-(1).They pretended not to see us.(2).He pretended to be sleeping.(3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在发生在它之后它之后.).)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示
3、动作发生在谓语动作之前完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)1.I asked him to attend the meeting.2.He seems to be reading English poems.3.He is said to have translated the book into English last year（to attend the m
4、eeting 动作发生在动作发生在ask 后后)（seem 和和read 同时发生同时发生,强调动作正在进行）强调动作正在进行）（translate the book 发生在发生在be said 之前）之前）我要求他出席会议。我要求他出席会议。他似乎正在读英语诗歌。他似乎正在读英语诗歌。据说他去年就把那本书翻译成英语。据说他去年就把那本书翻译成英语。1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4.作定语作定语5.作状语作状语6.作表语作表语7.作独立成分作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三.用法用法/功能功能To see is to believe.Its impor
5、tant to learn English well.(1).主语主语单个不定式作主语时单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数若不定式太长若不定式太长,往往用往往用it it作形式主语作形式主语,不定式置后不定式置后.1.爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.To love and to be loved 2.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。和他谈话是一件非常愉快的事。To talk with him is a great pleasureIt is a great pleasure to talk with him.3.A
6、ll you have to do is _ _ （完成）（完成）the job quickly.1.My job to help the patients.如果主语部分有如果主语部分有do的的各种形式各种形式，用作，用作 表语的不定式可表语的不定式可省略省略to(2).表语表语系动词系动词 be,seem,appear,get,remain2.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(to)finish我们的计划是在两周内完成这现工作。我们的计划是在两周内完成这现工作。Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.I
7、 want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3)宾语（动宾；宾语（动宾；it做形宾；介宾做形宾；介宾)think/consider/find it+adj.+to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.真宾真宾 有的动词后有的动词后既能接动名词又能接不定式作既能接动名词又能接不定式作宾语
8、宾语，且意义上有的有区别，有的没区别。，且意义上有的有区别，有的没区别。有区别的有：有区别的有：remember/forget/regret to do(指动作当指动作当时尚未发时尚未发)remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已指动作已经发生经发生)go on to do(接着做另外一件事接着做另外一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事接着做同一件事)try to do(设法设法,努力去做努力去做,尽力尽力)try doing(试试去做试试去做,看有何结果看有何结果)_stop to do(停止手中事停止手中事,去做另一件事去做另一件事)stop doing(
9、停止正在做的事停止正在做的事)mean to do(打算做打算做,企图做企图做)mean doing(意思是意思是,意味着意味着)cant help to do(不能帮忙做不能帮忙做)cant help doing(忍不住要做忍不住要做)不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides 后时后时,如果这些介词前有如果这些介词前有行为动词行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么那么介词后介词后的不定式的不定式不带不带to,相反相反则带则带to.(1).She could do nothing but _ (cry）.(2).I have no choice but _ （go）.(
10、3).cryto goWhat do you like besides _ _?to watch TV看电视看电视The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4).宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉:feelwarn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等等用用to do 作宾补的词：作宾补的词：e.g.I made him do h
11、is work.He was made to do his work(by me).注意注意1 help 后面的后面的“to”可省去可省去e.g.They often help the grandma carry water.2 see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look at等表示等表示 感觉和感觉和let,make,have等表示使役的动词后等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时面，不定式作宾语时要省要省“to”（注：（注：被动被动 语态不省语态不省to）(to)被动被动 (5).作定语作定语 (常常表示将来的动作常常表示将来的动作)1.不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词
12、或代词之后不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends.Ladies and gentlemen,I have something important to tell you.2.当名词被当名词被the first,the last,the only 等词以及等词以及 形容词最高级修饰时形容词最高级修饰时 eg:She is always the first to come and the last to leave4.如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需适当的介词则后
13、面需适当的介词 Please pass me some paper to write_.She has a nice pen to write _.He bought a flat for the family to live _.onwithin3.也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be句型中。句型中。There is no one to take care of her.I have no jewelry to wear.He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。注意：注意：不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修
14、饰的名词如果是time,place或或way，不定式后面的，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。5.Do you have a letter to send?Do you have a letter to be sent?你有信要寄吗？你有信要寄吗？你有信要我寄吗？你有信要我寄吗？6.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种三种关系：关系：我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。I have a lot of work to do.他总是第一个起床。他总是第一个起床。He is always the first one to get up.我们都有上大学的机会我们
15、都有上大学的机会。We all have a chance to go to college.(1)动宾关系动宾关系(2)主谓关系主谓关系(3)同位关系同位关系He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.(6).作状语作状语1.表示目的表示目的:to/in order to/so as to2.表示原因表示原因 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,disappointed等。等。We were surprised to h
16、ear the news.我很高兴见到你。我很高兴见到你。听到这个消息，我们很震惊。听到这个消息，我们很震惊。Im glad/pleased to see you.3.3.结果状语结果状语:so+adj./adv.+as to do such+adj.+n.+as to do adj./adv.+enough+to do too+adv./adj.+to do We hurried to the station only to find the train had left.He was so foolish as to believe it.Im too tired to walk any
17、further tonight.=He was such a fool as to believe it.=He was foolish enough to believe it.Only to do表意料之外的结果表意料之外的结果(7).独立结构独立结构to be frank,to be honest,To tell the truth,I dont agree with you.类似的结构类似的结构(8)8)不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,whatwho,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、等连用，在句中起名词
18、作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。宾语等。He didnt know .说什么说什么。(宾语宾语)the problem is very important.(主语主语)如何解决如何解决 My question is .什么时候开始。什么时候开始。(表语表语)注意：注意：在与在与whywhy连用时，只用于连用时，只用于whywhy或或why notwhy not开头的简开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带toto。Why not have a rest?what to say_ _ How to solvewhen to start关于不定式中的小品词
19、关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要下文要 省略该动词省略该动词.-Would you like to go with me?(2).不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.-Would you like to be a teacher?Id like to.我想去。我想去。Id like to be.我想。我想。-_-_ _ 1.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the pro
20、blem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeC.to solve,making D.to solve,made2.-What do you think of the school?-It is a very good _.A.school to study in B.school for children to studyC.studying school D.school to study3.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no us
21、e.A.expected B.tried to C.managed to D.planned4.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished5.-I usually go to Shanghai by train.-Why not _ there by boat for a change?A.to try to go B.try going C.to try going D.try to go 6._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeC.Making D.To have made7.I would rather starve to death than _ for food.A.beg B.begging C.begged D.to beg8.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.A.reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read
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