高中英语-现在分词与过去分词区别课件-牛津选修9.ppt

1、非谓语不定式不定式(to)do 分词分词动名词（动名词（-ing)过去分词过去分词(-ed)现在分词现在分词(-ing)非谓语动词分类动词动词-ing形式形式不不定定式式主主语语宾宾语语表表语语宾宾补补定定语语状状语语动动名名词词主主语语宾宾语语表表语语定定语语分分词词表表语语宾宾补补定定语语状状语语现在分词与过去分词现在分词与过去分词 的区别的区别非谓语动词复习非谓语动词复习1、作定语时、作定语时单个的分词作定语时一般前置（位于被修单个的分词作定语时一般前置（位于被修饰的词之前），分词短语作定语时后置。饰的词之前），分词短语作定语时后置。Do you know the crying boy?

2、Do you know the boy crying under the tree?We are trying our best to catch up with the developed country.The students are discussing a book written by LuXun.1、作定语时、作定语时The meeting is very important.2.Tell the children not to make so much noise.3.They lived in a room .4.I hate to see letters.被动关系被动关系被

3、动关系被动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系主动关系Whats the difference between-ing and ed form used as an attributive?现在分词作定语表示动作现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生正在发生或与或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，与所修饰的词是与所修饰的词是主动关系或主谓关系主动关系或主谓关系及物动词的过去分词作定语表及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被完成或被动动的动作，与所修饰的词是的动作，与所修饰的词是被动关系被动关系或动宾关系或动宾关系；不及物动词的过去分词；不及物动词的过去分词作定语作定语只表完成不表被

4、动只表完成不表被动的动作。的动作。a retired worker 退休工人退休工人练习练习1.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.（10 全国全国1）to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing2.There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.（09浙江）浙江）A.indicateB.indicating C.

5、to indicateD.to be indicating3.With the governments aid,those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.（09上上海）海）A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.were affected 4.(2008上海卷上海卷)Throughout history,the language _ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization A.speaking B.spoken C.to spea

6、k D.to be spoken5(2011 江苏）江苏）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Acompared Bcomparing Ccompares Dbeing compared2、作表语时（跟在系动词后）、作表语时（跟在系动词后）现在现在分词多表示主语所具有的分词多表示主语所具有的特征特征或或属性属性；过去过去分分词多表示主语所处的词多表示主语所处的状态状态。现在分词表示。现在分词表示“令人令

7、人的的”，过去分词表示，过去分词表示“感到感到”.”.常见的分词有：常见的分词有：amazed/amazing,excited/exciting,bored/boring,annoyed/annoying,interested/interesting,pleased/pleasing,tired/tiring,surprised/surprising,worried/worrying,satisfied/satisfying,amused/amusing11、凡为教者必期于达到不须教。对人以诚信，人不欺我;对事以诚信，事无不成。12、首先是教师品格的陶冶，行为的教育，然后才是专门知识和技能的训

8、练。13、在教师手里操着幼年人的命运，便操着民族和人类的命运。2022-11-72022-11-7November 7,202214、孩子在快乐的时候，他学习任何东西都比较容易。15、纪律是集体的面貌，集体的声音，集体的动作，集体的表情，集体的信念。16、一个人所受的教育超过了自己的智力，这样的人才有学问。17、好奇是儿童的原始本性，感知会使儿童心灵升华，为其为了探究事物藏下本源。2022年11月2022-11-72022-11-72022-11-711/7/202218、人自身有一种力量，用许多方式按照本人意愿控制和影响这种力量，一旦他这样做，就会影响到对他的教育和对他发生作用的环境。202

9、2-11-72022-11-7例如：例如：The news was exciting.He appeared satisfied with my answer.练习练习It is believed that if a book is_,it will surely _the reader.(03上海)A.interested;interest B.interesting;be interested C.interested;be interesting D.interesting;interest 3、作宾语补足语时、作宾语补足语时取决于分词与宾语的关系：取决于分词与宾语的关系：主动主动关系，

10、用关系，用doing被动被动关系，用关系，用done。例如例如1.I found them painting the windows.2.I found the windows painted.主动关系主动关系被动关系被动关系（现在分词表（现在分词表主动、进行主动、进行）（过去分词表（过去分词表被动、完成被动、完成）练习：练习：1.They use computers to keep the traffic smoothly.（09全国2）being run B.run C.to run D.running 3.(2007 上海卷)After a knock at the door,the c

11、hild heard his mothers voice _ him.A.calling B.called C.being called D.to call4.(2005天津卷)You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _ often enough.A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained 5.(2007 福建卷)Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English

12、 _in a short period.A.improved B.improving C.to improve D.improve 6（2011江苏）You look upset.Whats the matter？I had my proposal _ again.Aturned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down4、作状语、作状语时时Seen from the moon,the earth looks like a blue ball.Seeing nobody at home,he left.被动关系被动关系主动关系分词的选取分词的选取：取决于

13、分词与句子主语的关系：取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主动关系主动关系，用，用 doing 被动关系被动关系，用，用 done练习：练习：1.It rained heavily in the south,_serious flooding in several provinces.（10天津）天津）caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause 2 _the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.（10上海）上海）Approaching B.Approached C.To

14、 approach D.To be approached3._at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.（10北京）北京）A.Looking B.Look C.To look D.Looked1._ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home(04 北京北京)A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited 注意2)

15、.现在分词的现在分词的一般式一般式与与完成式完成式：一般式一般式：doing 表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。完成式完成式：having done 表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序。分析分析：句意：这位生意人因遭受了重大损失，便失去了把生意进句意：这位生意人因遭受了重大损失，便失去了把生意进展下去的勇气。分词的动作先于谓语的动作，所以使用了完成式展下去的勇气。分词的动作先于谓语的动作，所以使用了完成式练习练习1.(2005全国卷全国卷I)The storm left,_a lot of damage to th

16、is area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused例如：例如：Having suffered such heavy loss,the businessman didnt have the courage to go on.3._ the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.(04 广东广东)ANot completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed 练习练

17、习1.Watching television,_.(05 全国全国)A.the doorbell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings2.Faced with a bill for$10,000,.（06陕西）陕西）AJohn has taken an extra job Bthe boss has given John an extra job Can extra job has been taken Dan extra job has been given t

18、o John3).分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语的基本原则：分词作状语时，分词作状语时，分词的分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语必须与句子的主语必须与句子的主语保持一保持一致致。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为自己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为独立主格结构独立主格结构。如：。如：Spring coming,the fields are full of life.再如：再如：The boss being ill,the meeting was put off.Weather permitting,we will go ou

19、t for a spring outing.因为因为coming的逻辑主语，并不是的逻辑主语，并不是the fields，应补上，应补上它的逻辑主语它的逻辑主语spring，练习：练习：1.Many students _ around,I explained the story into details.（07 重庆）重庆）A.stood B.standing C.to stand D.were standing2.There _ nothing to talk about,every one in the room remained silent.A.was B.had C.being D.

20、having3.Everything _ into consideration,they believed themselves more and returned to their position.A.to taken B.taken C.to be taken D.taking 5）独立成分作状语）独立成分作状语有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：入语。常见的有：generally/frankly/strictly speaking 一般而言一般而言/坦率地说坦率地说/严格地说严格

21、地说judging from/by 根据根据来判断来判断considering/taking into consideration考虑到考虑到；鉴于；鉴于supposing/providing/provided that 如果如果compared with/to 与与相比相比 例如例如 Judging from his accent,he is from the south.Considering your health,you d better have a rest.非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”（如果

22、是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）（如果是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）_many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.is B.to be C

23、.beingD.It being E.It was F.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party w

24、ere from South Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.一一般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.takenD BEverythingthey1._ everything into c

25、onsideration,they ought to have another chance.2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.（三）分析语态（三）分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。“You cant catch me!”Jane shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 2._ in the mo

26、untains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police.A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.LosingJane the two students（四）四）分析时态分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C_B_D二二.找逻辑主语找逻辑主语三、分析语态三、分析语态四、分析时态四、分析时态一一.辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”三三.非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态