初中英语语法精讲课件代词课件.ppt

1、 第三节第三节代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。2.1 人称代词人称代词（1 1）、人称代词是表示）、人称代词是表示“我我”、“你你”、“他他”、“她她”、“它它”、我们我们“、”你们你们“、”他们他们“的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变下表：的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变下表：数单数数单数 复数复数格主格格主格 宾格宾格 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称第一人称 I Imeme we weusus第二人称第二人称youyou you youy

2、ouyou you you he he him himtheytheythem them 第三人称第三人称sheshe her hertheytheythemthem it ititittheytheythem them 如：如：He is my friend.He is my friend.他是我的朋友。他是我的朋友。Its me.Its me.是我。是我。（2）主格形式作主语，宾语形式做宾语。）主格形式作主语，宾语形式做宾语。（3）代词的顺序：）代词的顺序：1.单数按照单数按照2.3.1人称排序，复数按人称排序，复数按1.2.3人称排序人称排序You，he and I are good f

3、riends.We,you and I are good friends.(4)It 的特殊用法的特殊用法1.作代词作代词What is in the picture?It is a cat.2.作形式主语作形式主语It is easy to climb the hill.It is no use arguing with himIt is clear that she is the best student in the class.3.作形式宾语作形式宾语I found it not easy to get on well with Jim4.作为强调句的引导词作为强调句的引导词It is

4、/was Tom who met your brother yesterday5.其他常用句型其他常用句型It issince()1 I saw_ playing in the street at that time.A.them B.they C.their D.theirs2 Jim will give_ a short talk tomorrow.A.we B.us C.our D.ours()3 Please ask_ not to skate on the thin ice.A.they B.them C.their D.theirs()4 The pen is hers.Pass

5、it to_,please.A.her B.she C.hers D.herself()5 Let me go and give the coat to_.A.he B.his C.himself D.him()6 The bird built_ nest in the tree.A.its B.hers C.hers D.its()7 Have you seen_pen,a black one?A.these B.my C.you D.hers()8 Sorry I have forgot _ telephone number.A.yours B.him C.you D.his()9.Our

6、 room is big,but_ is bigger than_.A.their;our B.their;ours C.theirs;ours D.theirs;our()10 They arent our books.Are they_?A.your B.his C.her D.their()11 Our room is bigger than _.A.you B.your C.yours D.her()12 You have a good room,I should say.But its not as big as_.A.I B.my C.me D.mine2.3 反身代词反身代词表示

7、表示“我自己我自己”、“你自己你自己”、“他自己他自己”、“我们自己我们自己”、“你们自己你们自己”和和“他们自己他们自己”等的代词等的代词如：如：She was talking to herself.她自言自语。她自言自语。【常用词组积累】【常用词组积累】Make oneself understood teach oneselfEnjoy oneself help oneself toMake yourself at home say to oneself()1 We _ at the party last Sunday.A.enjoyed myself B.enjoyed ourselve

8、s B.C.enjoy myself D.enjoyed ourself()2 Make_ at home.he said to his friends.A.yourself B.yourselves C.you D.yours()3 Let Tony do it by_.He is no longer a kid A.him B.his C.himself D.he()4 You are twelve now._ must look after_.A.You;yourself B.Your;yourself B.C.You;your D.Youre;yourself()5 She and h

9、er mother enjoyed _ at the party.A.her B.them C.herself D.themselves2.4 指示代词指示代词表示表示“那个那个”、“这个这个”、“这些这些”、“那些那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代等指示概念的代词。指示代词有词有this，that，these，those等。等。如：如：That is a good idea.那是个好主意。那是个好主意。【注意点】【注意点】1.有时为了避免重复提到过的词，用有时为了避免重复提到过的词，用that或或those替代。替代。The life in Japan is different from tha

10、t in America.2.this或或that可以表示程度，相当于可以表示程度，相当于soI dont want that much3.替代不可数名词替代不可数名词This news is better than that()1 Whos that at the door?_ is the postman.A.She B.This C.It D.He()2-Whos that in the picture?A.Its me B.Thats I C.This is a boy D.Its I()3-Look,who is coming?-_ must be our English teach

11、er.A.She B.He C.It D.This()4 Someone is knocking at the door,but who can_ be?A.one B.he C.she D.it()5 _ was late summer and the weather was very hot.A.That B.It C.This D.Its()6 What time is _ now?A it B.all C.this D:that()7 _ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park.We have to go there by car

12、.A.There B.It C.This D.The place2.5 相互代词相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和和one another两组，两组，前者用于两者之间，后者用于三者或以上事物之间。前者用于两者之间，后者用于三者或以上事物之间。You and I know each other very well。All the children here are fond of one another。()1 He and she are exactly as tall as_.A.themselves B.them C.their

13、 D.each other()2 People usually put small presents in _ stocking on Christmas Eve.A.each other B.each others B.C.each others D.each others()3 The students often help_.A.one the other B.each the other B.C.one another D.two another()4-How many apples did your mother give you,Lucy or Lily?A.Each one B.

14、One each C.One everyone D.One more()5-Have you a computer?-Yes,I have a good_.A.some B.one C.it D.that()6 He has one blue pen and two red_.A.ones B.those C.one D.ones()7 Is this story as interesting as_ A.the one B.some ones C.that one D.one2.6 疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词有疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和和which等。在句子中等。在句子

15、中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）如：如：Tell me who he is.告诉我他是谁。告诉我他是谁。()1 _ is the best season of the year?A.When B.What C.Which D.What time()2-_ is your sister?-She is a nurse.A.What B.Which C.How D.Who()3-_ colour are your new shoes?-They

16、are brown.A.Any B.Whose C.Which D.What()4-_ is your classmate John like?-Hes very tall.A.How B.What C.Who D.Which()5._ has happened and _did it?A.Who;who B.What;who C.What;what D.Who;what()6-_ is that man over there?-Hes Mr Green.A.What B.Which C.How D.Who()7-_ is the boy standing there?-He is my br

17、other.A.Which B.What C.How D.Who2.7 关系代词关系代词（1）关系代词有）关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as 等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表等，可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。如：如：He is the man whom you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那个人。他就是你要

18、找的那个人。（2）关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表：可指人也可指物，见表：限定性非限定性限定性限定性非限定性限定性 指人指物指人或指物指人指物指人或指物主主 格格who which that宾宾 格格 whomthat that属属 格格 whose of which/whose of which/whose This is the pencil whose point is broken.(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语指物，在限定性定语从

19、句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）（3）关系代词关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：He said he saw me there,which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。()1 _ one do you like,the blue one or the red one?A.What B.Which C.That D.This()2

20、-_ is bigger?-The yellow one.A.who B.whom C.which D.It()3 _ of you would like to go with us?A.Who B.Which C.All D.Both()4-_ bag is this?-Its Jacks A.What B.Which C.Whose D.Whos()5-_ pencils are these?-They are theirs.A.Which B.Whose C./D.These()6 _ house is being repaired?A.What B.Where C.Who D.Whos

21、e()7 Please find out _ he is looking after at home.A.who B.which C.whom D.when()8 _ do you think you should help?A.Whose B.Which C.What D.Whom()9 He told me _ he was sent for.A.whom B.that C.both D.where2.8 不定代词不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有

22、等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等等的合成代词，如的合成代词，如anybody，something，no one。这些不定代词。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但但none和由和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；宾语或表语；every和和no只能作定语。只能作定语。如：如：-Do you have a car?-你有一辆小汽车吗？你有一辆小汽车吗？-Yes，I have one.-是的，我有一辆。是的，我有一辆。-I dont

23、 know any of them.他们，我一个也不认识。他们，我一个也不认识。（1）不定代词包括）不定代词包括all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no 以及以及some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,no one,none,everybody,everyone.等。等。（2）不定代词的用法）不定代词的用法1.除除every 和和no

24、外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和和no在句中只能作定语。在句中只能作定语。I have no idea about it.2.all 都，指三者以上。都，指三者以上。all 的主谓一致：的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。决定。All goes well.一切进展得很好。一切进展得很好。all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说，而说 the whole book。但但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如

25、可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year；但习惯上不说但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China，all the city，all my life，all the way3.both都，指两者。都，指两者。a.both 与复数动词连用，但与复数动词连用，但 both and可与单数名词连用。可与单数名词连用。b.both,all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前，都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前，be 动词之后。动词之后。如果助动词或

26、情态动词后面的实义动词省如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去，则位于助动词或情态动去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。词之前。Who can speak Japanese?We both(all)can.4.neither两者都不两者都不a.neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数b.b.作定语与单数名词连用，但作定语与单数名词连用，但neither nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。连用。其谓语采用就近原则。c.c.可用于下列句型，避免重复。可用于下列句型，避免重复。She cant sing，neither(can)

27、he.neither 与与nor d.如前句是否定式从句，则主句用如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用，而不用 nor。If you dont do it，neither should I.如果你不干，我也不干如果你不干，我也不干e.如后连续有几个否定句式，则用如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用，不用neither。He cant sing，nor dance，nor skate.5.none 无无 1)none作主语，多与作主语，多与of 构成短语构成短语 none of。在答语中，在答语中，none可单可单独使用。独使用。Are there any pictures o

28、n the wall?None.2)none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。表语一致。It is none of your business.6.few 一些，少数一些，少数 few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。7.some 一些一些 1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2)当做当做“某一某一”解时，也可与单数名词连用。（解时，也可与单数名词连用。（=a certain）You will be sorry for this some

29、day.总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。A certain(some)person has seen you break the rule.某些人不同意你的看法。某些人不同意你的看法。【注意点】【注意点】(1)在肯定疑问句中用在肯定疑问句中用some代替代替any。(2)some用于其他句式中用于其他句式中:a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。回答时。Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：Would you like some

30、 coffee?b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：If you need some help，let me know.c.some位于主语部分位于主语部分,Some students havent been there befored.当否定的是整体中的部分时，当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：可用于否定句。如：I havent heard from some of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。8.any 一些一些 1)any 多用于否定句和

31、疑问句和条件状语从句中。多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时，当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。可用于肯定句。Here are three novels.You may read any.9.one,ones 为复数形式为复数形式 ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some,any，而不而不 用用ones。Have you bought any rulers?Yes，I ve bought some.【辨别】【辨别】1.one，that 和和it one表示泛指，表示泛指，that和

32、和it 表示特指。表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat.I think I must buy one.(不定不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同类但同类但不同个不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat.I don t know where I put it.(同一物

33、同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。2.one/another/the other one the other只有两个只有两个some the others 有三个以上有三个以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers=other people/thingsthe others=the rest剩余的全部剩余的全部1)泛指另一个用泛指另一个用another。2)一定范围内两人一定范围内两人(物物)，一个用，一个用one，另一个用，另一个用the other。3)一定范围内三者，一个用一定范围内

34、三者，一个用one，另一个用，另一个用one(another)，第三个，第三个可用可用the other，a third。4)一定范围内，除去一部分人一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用物，剩余的全部用the others。5)泛指别的人或物时，用泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用余部分但不是全部时，也用others。3.both,either,neither,all,any,none 这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动动词之后，行为动词之

35、前或第一助动词之后。词之前或第一助动词之后。1)both(两者都两者都)，either(两者中任何一个两者中任何一个)，neither(两者都两者都不不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。两个男孩都不聪明。2)both，either both与复数连用，与复数连用，either与单数连用。与单数连用。Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。两个男孩都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。两个男孩都很聪明。

36、There are flowers on both sides of the street.(两岸两岸)There are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的两边岸的两边)路边长满了野花。路边长满了野花。There are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的两边岸的两边)路边长满了野花。路边长满了野花。3)all(所有的，全部的人或物所有的，全部的人或物)，any(任何一个任何一个)，none(都不都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。以上词使用范围为三者以上。All the flowers are gon

37、e.所有的花都谢了。所有的花都谢了。I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。这些花我都不喜欢。注意：注意：all与与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。词，用复数动词。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。所有的学生都在那。All(of)the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那。所有的牛奶都在那。4.few,little,a few,a lit

38、tle(a)few+可数名词可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词不可数名词a few/a little 为肯定含义，还有一点为肯定含义，还有一点few/little为否定含义，没有多少了。为否定含义，没有多少了。He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。他有几个朋友。He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time.我们还有点时间。我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。几乎没剩下什么时间了。(b)【固定搭配固定搭配】only a few(=few)n

39、ot a few(=many)quite a few(=many)many a(=many)Many books were sold.Many a book was sold.卖出了许多书。卖出了许多书。()1.There are shops on _ side of the street._ of them do not close till 12 at night.A.both;All B.every;None C.either;Some D.other;Many()2 The boy runs faster than_ in his class.,A.any of the boy B.a

40、ny boys B.C.any other boys D.all the boys()3 Tom is stronger than _ in his class.A.any students B.other student B.C.any other student D.any other students()4 There is not _ meat in my bowl.There is _ chicken in it.A.some;any B.any;some C.any;any D.some;some()5-I have forgotten my bread.-Never mind,y

41、ou can have_.A.some of us B.some of our C.some of ours D.many of ours()6-Is there _ tea in that green cup?-Yes,there is_.A.the;some B.any;any C.some;any D.any;some()7 Could you do_for me,please?A.everything B.nothing C.something D.anything()8 The bottle is empty.There is_ in it.A.anything B.somethin

42、g C.nothing D.everything()9-Turn off the TV,Betty._ is watching it.-Oh,no.Mum.Im watching it now.A.somebody B.Nobody C.Everybody D.Anybody()10-Did you find _ in the room?-No,we found _ there.A.anybody;nobody B.somebody;everybodyB.C.anybody;somebody D.everybody;anybody()11 I have a lot of work to do.

43、I have_ time to play.A.not B.any C.no D.some()12 As we know,he is_ fool.A.not B.no a C.not an D.no()13 I asked him for some oil,but he hadnt _.A.some B.any C.anything D.no()14 _ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.A.Neither B.Either C.Both D.Any()15 Would you lend me _ of your money?A.so

44、me B.lot C.a few D.any()16 Would you like_more coffee?A.little B.any C.some D.another()17 Listen to me.I have_ to tell you.A.anything new B.something new B.C.new something D.nothing new()18 By the way,is there _ in todays newspaper?A.something new B.anything new B.C.new something D.new anything()19

45、Please be quiet.I have_ to tell you.A.important something B.nothing important B.C.important anything D.something important()20 Im not busy.I havent _ to do.A.something B.everything C.nothing D.anything()21 _ has happened,I want you to tell me about it.A.Something B.Everything C.Anything D.Nothing()2

46、2 Yesterday morning _ boys broke into the garden.A.any B.some C.many D.much()23 _ twenty boys were playing football at that time yesterday.A.Each B.Some C.No one D.Neither()24 Now I have _ questions.Lets go to ask our teacher.A.any B.much C.some D.a lot()25 Can I have_bottle of orange,please?A.anoth

47、er B.other C.others D.the others()26 There are forty-four students in Class One.Nineteen of them are boys,_ are girls.A.the other B.the others C.others D.some others()27 Mr Smith has two sons._ is a soldier,_ is a doctor.A.One;another B.One;other B.C.This;the other D.One;the other()28 There are many

48、 people in the park now.Some are boating._ are walking along the lake.A.the other B.other C.the others D.others()29 The glass is broken.Go and get_.A.other B.another one C.others D.the other()30 I borrowed two books._ is in English,and_ is in Chinese.A.It;another B.One;another B.C.The one;another D.

49、One;the other()31 _ of them has an English dictionary.A.Every B.All C.Both D.Each()32 There are lots of English books here,and _ of them is easy to understand.A.both B.all.C.every D.each()33 I didnt know that you_would_there.A.be;all B.all;be C.are;all D:all;are()34-Are these two books interesting?-

50、Yes,_ of them are interesting.A.both B.all C.either D.neither()35 He couldnt make himself understood because _ of us knew what he said.A.none B.no C.nobody D.not36 I didnt like the cross talk._ of the actors was funny.A.Both B.All C.Neither D.Either37 _ of them is good at singing.A.Both B.All C.No o