关于英语中句子的成分课件.ppt

1、句子的成分 句子的成分是指句子中的单词、短语在句子中充当的角色和用途。按照用途的不同，句子的成分分为：1、主语 2、谓语 3、宾语 4、表语 5、定语 6、状语 7、补语1、主 语 主语是指句子所要表达或者所要描述的人或事物，是句子的主体。主语一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、相当于名词的词或短语来充当。如：（1）名词当主语 Apples are my favourite fruit.Susan plays the piano everyday.（2）代词当主语 He is a doctor.We will play football this afternoon.1、主 语（3）动词不定式当主语

2、 To see is to believe.To do morning exercises is useful for our health.（4）现在分词当主语 Smoking is forbidden here.Telling more isnt good for you.2、谓 语 谓语是句子中用来表达主语“做什么”，或者主语“怎么样”的词或短语。注意：谓语或谓语的主要部分必须是连系动词或实义动词。谓语动词通常位于主语后面。助动词、情态动词、动词的现在分词不能单独做谓语。（1）表达主语“做什么”I get up at 6:40a.m.Mike will go shopping this

3、Sunday.He doesnt like sweet food.Mary can speak English.2、谓 语（2）表达主语“怎么样”Ice-cream is very sweet.The sun is very hot.Sarah is a nurse.The story sounds very interesting.3、宾 语 宾语在句子中表示及物动词动作的对象或动作的内容。一般位于动词后面或介词后面构成介词短语。宾语一般由名词、代词、动词不定式或者相当于名词的词或短语充当。如：（1）名词当宾语 They are playing basketball.Id like some

4、 juice.He does his homework after school.（2）代词当宾语 I will do this.3、宾 语 You tell him not to be late for school.（3）动词不定式当宾语 I want to eat two hamburgers now.Jack plans to see his grandparents this weekend.（4）动名词当宾语 I like swimming.You should practice speaking English everyday.3、宾 语 宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语

5、表示动作的承受者，一般是物。间接宾语表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人。如：（1）Please show me your passport.（Please show your passport to me.）（2）I give him some money.（I give some money to him.）（3）Mother made Mary a new coat.（Mother made a new coat for Mary.）（4）He bought me a new book.（He bought a new book for me.）4、表 语 表语在句子中是用来说明主语的身份

6、、特征、性质或状态，常位于系动词后面。常用的系动词包括：be动词、seem（看起来）、sound（听起来）、feel（感觉）、become（变得）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）等。表语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或不定式来充当。（1）名词当表语 He is a doctor.Its a flower.4、表 语（2）形容词当表语 Miss Li is kind,but Mr.Zhang is strict.These fruits smell good.（3）副词当表语 Class is over.She is downstairs now.（4）动词不定式当表语 His

7、job is to paint the walls.He seems to be tired.（5）现在分词当表语 The dog is frightening.5、定 语 定语在句子中是用来限定名词或代词的范围或明确名词或代词的特征。定语由名词、形容词、数词、分词、动词不定式、介词短语或定语从句充当。（1）名词当定语 The boy student is my classmate.We need some pumpkin lanterns for the Halloween party.（2）形容词当定语 The little boy needs a blue pen.China is a

8、beautiful country.5、定 语（3）数词当定语，数词相当于形容词 The two boys are students.There are six boys in the room.（4）动词不定式当定语 The boy to write this letter needs a pen.There is nothing to do today.（5）分词当定语 The smiling boy needs a pen to write.That flying bird is a swan.5、定 语（6）介词短语当定语 The girl in red is Mary.The boy

9、s in the classroom are talking about football.（7）定语从句 There are five boys who will play the game.The boy(that)you will know is Tom.6、状 语 状语在句子中是用来修饰动词、形容词和副词的。状语通常用来表达动作或行为发生的时间、地点、原 因、方式、目的和程度、频度等。状语一般由副词、动词不定式、介词短语或相当于副 词的词或短语来充当。状语通常位于句末，有时也可以放在句首或句中。6、状 语（1）副词做状语 Say again，please.（表示方式）Suddenly

10、it began to rain.（表示方式）I nearly forgot what he had promised.（表示程度）（2）动词不定式做状语 He went to see a film.（表示目的）My father was surprised to hear the news.（表示原因）（3）介词短语做状语 Please come here in the evening（表示时间）He wrote with a red pencil（表示方式）The students are doing their homework in the classroom （表示地点）6、状 语（

11、4）分词做状语 He came singing and dancing.（表示方式）The students went away laughing.（表示方式）（5）状语从句 I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside.（表示时间）If you work hard at English，you will do well in English.（表示条件）7、补 语 用来补充说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作。因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使.),ask(请)等等。例如，如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这里的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数 词等。7、补 语（1）主语的补语 Tom was made monitor.He died young.（2）宾语的补语 I made Tom monitor.We found her reading in the library.（3）表语的补语 I am sure to succeed.