完题型填空答题技巧课件-专插本英语.ppt

1、1.短文长度200词左右，生词少，难度适中。2.首句无空格，提供语境。5-10词设一空（人名、地名、日期、数字不在之列）。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。3.选项多为一词，偶会为词组。四选项为同一类 词或属同一范畴，或近义或异义，或与前 后配成词组。故干扰性、迷惑性大。4.考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)为主，虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占60%-70%，其中又以动、名、形为主。5.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上，正确把握上下文的逻辑关系，才能正确判断和选择。1.通读全文，统揽

2、全局。2.逐句分析，确定选项。3.通盘理解，上下一致。4.复读全文，核对答案。lStep 1:迅速浏览全文迅速浏览全文l阅读理解是做Cloze的基础,因此应该在对全文有了较全面的了解的基础上,再开始做选择题,切忌为了节约时间,在未掌握大意的基础上“拿起来就做,见空就填,边填边理解”.那样做的结果,不仅不能够节约时间,而且会因为只考虑到所填的词在短语或句子内是否可行而忽略了整篇文章的连贯和结构,造成选择错误.因此因此,速读全文要一气呵成速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意找读时要注意找出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表人物和情节出关键词、中心词，划出某些代表

3、人物和情节的词的词，以便于形成思路。l当然,由于考试时间有限,只能用略读法(skimming)将全文快速浏览一遍,明确文章的主题,体裁.尤其要认真阅读全文的第一句,通常第一句都是一个没有空格的完整的句子,对后文的重要提示（逻辑关系词与非谓语动词偶尔设置空白出现在第一句）.lStep 2 逐题选择答案l浏览全文之后,开始进入逐题做答阶段，运用查读法(Scanning)，对所有选择项从语法,搭配和语篇等方面进行反复推敲,从而选出最佳答案。做题原则是瞻前顾后，灵活答题瞻前顾后，灵活答题。“瞻前顾后”，即先读所填词的句子，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两个空白待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在

4、两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案。答题方法：1）择优法：根据文章及结构边读边填，如果能够立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐个考证其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一时难以确定，可按空格位置，从语法结构、词语搭配、上下文语境、习惯用法、词义辨析等方面，对选项逐项分析试填。排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。lStep 3 仔细复核答案l题目全部做完之后,要仔细认真地复核一遍.方法是:把答案带入文中阅读,看是否连贯。进行核查同时注意以下三点：l1）上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。l2）从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。l3）段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否

5、连贯。l2.2 测试点及答题方法l做完形填空试题时，应从句子分析和语篇从句子分析和语篇分析入手分析入手。因为文章由段落组成，段落由句子组成，所以大部分的试题可以借助句子的分析得到解决。完形填空的问题大致可以归纳为三个方面:语法结构、词汇短语搭配、语篇结构语法结构、词汇短语搭配、语篇结构.下面以题目为例,分别从这三个方面来谈一谈Cloze部分的测试点及答题策略.l2.2.1 语法结构l在选用表示语法结构关系的结构词时，即介词,连词,代词,冠词等,应该考虑所做出的选项在语法和结构逻辑上是否恰当。完形填空中也相当一部分是考查语法的试题，主要集中在虚拟语气、定语从句和状语从句及倒装句。l例如：lIn

6、recent years,more and more foreigners are involved in the teaching programs of the United States.Both the advantages and the disadvantages 1 using faculty from foreign countries 2 teaching positions have to be 3,of course.It can be said that foreign 4 that makes the faculty member from abroad an ass

7、et(财富)also 5 problems of adjustment,both for the university and for the individual.l4.A)situation B)circumstancel C)background D)conditionl 5.A)carries B)createsl C)emerges D)solvesl 1.A)with B)forl C)of D)atl 2.A)in B)onl C)for D)withinl 3.A)thought B)measuredl C)balanced D)consideredll第一.二题考的就是介词.

8、第一题测试介词所表示的所属关系，也可以通过take/at/have the advantage of（利用/处于/有。的优势/好处）的结构解出.从本句意思来看,the advantage and the disadvantage之间应填入of,意为“聘用外籍教师的利弊”.第二题要求填入一个介词与teaching position组成介词短语,修饰using,答案是A)in,有的大家误选了B)on,可能是受汉语“在岗位上”的影响,.但英语中表达这一意思的是 inposition,而不是onposition.l2.2.2 词汇短语搭配l完形填空中对词的考查以实词为主，如形容词、名词、动词、副词等。

9、其中有相当一部分词汇题中各个选项之间并无大的联系。这类题应从上下文的语义入手，根据各选项单词的意思和结构进行选择。l1 注意动词自身的结构功能l对动词来说，一般从两点设干扰项，一是动词的结构功能，如能不能接宾语，接什么样的宾语，能不能接复合宾语；二是上下文的语义要求。有相当部分选择题只从结构上就可做出正确的判断。l2 注意分析动词所包含的肯定/否定含义与上下文的关系l在做动词选择题时，除观察动词自身的结构功能之外，还应注意其语义特点，比如，有的单词含有肯定含义，有的却有否定的含义。考试时应分析具体的上下文。l3 注意分析上下文的情景l结构是为意思服务的，在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能

10、是很难判断的，应注意分析上下文的情景。对于行为动词的选择应想象当时所发生的事情，根据目睹的所发生的事情进行选择。l4 注意上下句的联系，不要孤立地根据一句进行判断l完形填空不同于“词汇语法填空”之处，完形填空所依赖的上下文比词汇语法填空所依赖的要大的多。在做完形填空时，必须仔细阅读上下文，切不可只凭一句的提示进行判断。l5注意词汇与话题的同现l每个单词都有其适应的空间，其适合的话题，与同一话题相连的单词就构成了一个以话题为中心的词汇链。在做完形填空时可以借助词汇链的知识帮助完成选择。l6.注意介词的表意功能和搭配功能l完形填空中涉及到介词选择的有两种：一种是常用介词的基本用法；另一种是与介词有

11、关的搭配，测试中以搭配居多，也有部分常用介词用法的考查。在做这类考题时将介词选项的表意功能与上下文结合起来即可。l7根据代词在上下文中的替代作用选择适当的代词l就代词而言，重点是看其在上下文中的替代作用，同时要特别注意that,one等的运用。l8注意词语的搭配，根据搭配选择正确答案，注意常用短语动词的辨认，注意动词与名词、形容词、介词及副词，形容词与名词、介词的搭配功能。l2.2.3语篇意义l一篇内容充实，结构合理，行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章技巧。借助于篇章技巧成文，在复现作者的语言时同样可以借助篇章技巧。完形填空毕竟不同于单项选择，作为一个意思连贯，结构完整的语篇

12、，其中篇章技巧的使用是完形填空解题中至关重要的手段。l1）.运用词汇复现技巧：l复现有原词复现、同义词复现、反义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现等。完形填空中，可以利用上下文的复现信息，确定正确的表达方式。l2）运用词汇同现技巧l同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇当中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求与之相连的词汇。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语域不同，因此所适应的上下文也各有别。l3）.逻辑关系l一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠转承语的使用。正确使用转承语，是保证文章连贯和谐，保证文章逻辑的有效手段。在做完形填空时通过对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的

13、转承语。因此有必要掌握各种转承语的用法。l完形填空的目的不是阅读，而是根据阅读掌握的信息恢复作者写作的原貌。从转承语上来说，要根据文章的语意发展和逻辑关系，确定适当的词语。l 转承语与连词不同。连词一般是句子层面上的东西，要求理解的是一句中主从句之间的语意联系，而转承语要求考生掌握的是语篇层面上的东西，需根据语篇上下文的逻辑关系才能确定适当的表达方式。因此，在转承语的选择上，要仔细阅读文章的上下文内容，从整体上去把握。l4）.根据文章的类型结构解答完形填空l形填空多以说明文和议论文为主，说明文，议论文一般采用分类、比较对照、因果、例证等方式谋篇。正确把握文章的结构类型有助于文章的理解，也因此有

14、助于完形填空的解答。完形填空的任务是在正确理解短文的基础上再现作者的语言表达方式。为此，应注意加强文章谋篇布局的分析。一.按词类分：1.实词 2.虚词 3.词组二.按形式分：1.单纯性选择 2.常识性选择 3.近义词选择 4.近形词选择 5.惯用法选择三.按句义选择四.按语义选择一.按词类分：1.实词 2.虚词 3.词组二.按形式分：1.单纯性选择 2.常识性选择 一.按词类分：1.实词 2.虚词 3.词组二.按形式分：1.单纯性选择 2.常识性选择 例1：Everyone wants to be healthy and happy.1 ,illness or accidents may oc

15、cur without 2 .1.a.Obviously b.Unfortunately c.Naturally d.Occasionally2.a.reason b.information c.warning d.notice例2:Over the last few years manufacturers have been_1_reducing the size and weight of video-cassette recorders to make the equipment more_2_.1.a.steadily b.constantly c.frequently d.essen

16、tially2.a.valuable b.portable c.selective d.economical例3:About 120,000 people_1_to the city every year.They come for the few_2_jobs,which are usually no better than_3_they left.1.a.change b.arrive c.drive d.move2.a.possible b.popular c.available d.convenient3.a.one b.the one c.ones d.the ones例4：_1_y

17、ou have chosen an article to read,you will find the important general information_2_the key facts in the first few paragraphs.1.a.While b.Once c.As soon as d.Whenever2.a.with b.by c.for d.at例5:when I have free time,I go _1_a long walk.Some people read books or watch TV_2_others have sports.1.a.to b.

18、for c.on d.with2a.and b.but c.yet d.while l例6:l the audience waited_1_silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes_2_the figures he could not remember.l1.a.for b.in c.at d.duringl2.a.for b.of c.about d.onl例7：He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he _2_into that place.1

19、.a.after all b.in all c.at all d.for all2.a.neednt go b.neednt have gone c.shouldntt go d.shouldnt have gone例8：(词组)We _1_about when man first began to use salt,but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout the history._2_,it is recorded in many books that people who lived ov

20、er 3000 years ago ate salted fish.thousands of years ago in Egypt,salt_3_the dead.1.a.have all known b.have no idea c.havent any ideas d.have an idea2.a.For example b.Such as c.First of all d.Above all3.a.used to preserve b.got used to preserving c.used to preserving d.was used to preservel例9：(词组)Th

21、e English language serves about 250 million people,or about one tenth of the worlds population,as a mother tongue,_1_,it is more or less correctly used by_2_100 million,more as a secondary language,ranging_3_from the Pidgin English of the Islands of Melanesia to the almost perfect speech of cultured

22、 foreigners.1.a.However b.As a result c.in addition to d.In addition2.a.at least b.at most c.most and least d.more than enough3.a.all the way b.by the way c.on the way d.in the wayl例10：_1_methods have been used to_2_ the intelligence of every child-dull,bright,or normal.1.a.Valuable b.various c.Uniq

23、ue d.unusual2.a.measure b.describe c.illustrate d.recognizel例11：The tourist paid 700 pounds for the painting,but he_1_that he didnt know its_2_worth.1.a.promised b.claimed c.admitted d.permitted2.a.practical b.additional c.adequate d.actuall例12：_1_,no one was hurt in the accident,but some passengers

24、 suffered from_2_.1.a.Obviously b.Surprisingly c.Fortunately d.Unfortunately2.a.distress b.shock c.failure d.troublel例13:Being much too fat,Stella was advised to_1_her food for each meal,yet,she would have_2_of that.1.a.relax b.reduce c.relieve d.remove2.a.no b.not c.none d.nothingl例14:At an early a

25、ge the youth will develop his_1_,and the kind of home life he has will greatly_2_the development.1.a.hobby b.personality c.intelligence d.knowledge2.a.increase b.enhance c.encourage d.influencel例15：Everyone has seen the Olympic Games at some time-either in Montreal,Barcelona.and everyone knows that_

26、1_started the Games.But most people dont know the real story.1.a.Greeks b.French c.Americans d.Englishl例16:There are twenty-seven bridges over the Thames.Tower Bridge,the first bridge over the Thames as you travel toward_1_ from the sea,is the most famous of them all.1.a.Europe b.America c.London d.

27、Chinal例17:One of the most famous statues in the would stands on an island in New York Harbor.This statue is,of course,the Statue of liberty ().The Statue of liberty is a(an)_1_who holds a_2_up high.1.a.man b.woman c.child d.old2.a.cane b.candle c.torch d.lampl例18：He used to have a_1_of coin-collecti

28、on,but he has given it up.1.a.custom b.habit c.hobby d.likel例19:lAmerican school children can be seen every day_ white sneakers,blue sneakers,black sneakers and even red ones.1.a.putting on b.having on c.wearing d.dressingl例20:l The wounded soldier was unconscious but still_1_when taken to the hospi

29、tal.1.a.living b.alive c.live d.livelyl例21:While some people think that sugar is the best_1_of_2_,others believe that sugar is bad for human health.1.a.origin b.source c.resource d.cause2.a.power b.energy c.force d.strengthl例22:The manager gave his _1_that her complaint would be investigated.1.a.ass

30、urance b.reassurance c.insurance d.ensurancel例23:$500,000,000 is a small amount of money_1_the size of the market.1.a.considered b.consideration c.considerable d.consideringl例24:Its wonderful for the fact that the Chinese team won an unexpected gold_1_in Sydney,12 more than its previous best.1.a.met

31、als b.medals c.models d.modalsl例25:It suddenly_1_me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening.1.a.hit on b.struck c.occurred d.drawnl例26:Safe operation means that both the operators and the equipment are_1_from harm.1.a.kept b.freed c.prevented d.hidd

32、enl例27:We were almost exhausted before we finally_1_sight of the dilapidated temple which was said to be one of the remains_2_back to the fifteen century B.C.1.a.held b.caught c.got d.took2.a.dating b.traced c.going d.returnedl例28:Suppose you_1_the telephone when it rings,and suppose that,for once,s

33、omebody has an important message for you.I can_2_you that if a massage is really important it will _3_you sooner or later.1.a.neglect b.dont mind c.ignorant d.ignore2.a.assure b.promise c.ensure d.trust3.a.get to b.reach c.arrive at d.make forl例29:It was after midnight,and I was on my way home.The f

34、ootsteps that_1_me through the dark street in the East End of London were_2_of two young men who were obviously_3_no good.1.a.stooped b.pursued c.followed d.traced2.a.those b.that c.ones d.one3.a.of b.for c.up to d.on tol例30:Nearly three-quarters of the earth is covered_1_water.Water heats up more s

35、lowly than land,_2_once it has become warm it takes longer to fall_3_.1.a.on b.with c.in d.by2.a.so b.and c.then d.but3.a.down b.up c.apart d.behindl例31:lMrs.White aid laughingly that_1_she was so young she should hide her packet in her pocket in_2_a policeman saw it._3_,the little girl did not seem

36、 to find this very funny.1.a.as b.for c.while d.though2.a.consequence b.time c.case d.fact3.a.otherwise b.nevertheless c.Moreover d.Thereforel例32:Strangely enough,I once tried to get sick.I didntt wear a sweater _1_I should,and I walked in the rain_2_my boots and my feet got soaked._3_so far nothing

37、 wrong has happened.1.a.while b.provided c.when d.though2.a.with b.in c.by d.without3.a.But b.Then c.Therefore d.Yet l例33:Some parents are greatly worried_1_their children fail to do well in their studies.They_2_either genetic factors or laziness,_3_they never take these non-intelligence factors int

38、o_4_.1.a.about b.with c.when d.since2.a.blame plain c.confuse d.condemn3.a.nevertheless b.similarly c.therefore d.but 4.a.figures b.consideration c.granted d.reflectionl例34:A credit card is a _1_of identification_2_which the owner may obtain consumer creditfor the _3_of goods or services_4_than payc

39、ash.1.a.mean b.means c.methods d.ways2.a.by b.in c.through d.with3.a.production b.possession c.purchase d.property4.a.better b.more c.rather d.rightl例35:Television,it is often said,keeps one_1_about current events,allows one to follow the_2_an endless series of programs which are both_3_and stimulat

40、ing.1.a.informative b.informed c.knowledgeable d.familiar2.a.latter b.late c.latest d.later3.a.offers b.refers c.rewards d.awards4.a.teaching b.instructive c.constructive d.impersonall例36:_1_hungry,the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lords forest for fuel;_2_when cold,they might cut down trees for fuel._3_,strong laws were passed in an_3_to protect the forests and the animals.1.a.If b.When c.Once d.After2.a.and b.but c.or d.yet3.a.Besides b.In addition c.So d.However4.a.effect b.effort c.offer d.afford