英美短篇小-说Unit-9-Through-the-Tunnel课件.ppt--（课件中不含音视频）

1、Unit 9 Through the Tunnel Doris LessingAuthor Biography Born:22 October 1919 Birthplace:Kermanshah(克尔曼沙阿),Iran Best Known As:The author of The Golden Notebooku Doris Lessing grew up in South Africa,a daughter of British citizens.She left school and home at an early age,finally moving to England in 1

2、949.There she began her career as a novelist,publishing The Grass is Singing in 1950.u During the 1950s she worked on what was to become 5 novels in the Children of Violence series,and in 1962 she gained international notice for her novel The Golden Notebook.Early life&Education Early life Lessing h

3、as described her childhood as an uneven mix of some pleasure and much pain.Her mother,obsessed with raising a proper daughter,enforced a rigid system of rules and hygiene at home,then installed Doris in a convent school,where nuns terrified their charges with stories of hell and damnation.Education

4、Lessing was later sent to an all-girls high school in the capital of Salisbury,from which she soon dropped out.She was thirteen;and it was the end of her formal education.But like other women writers from southern African who did not graduate from high school(such as Olive Schreiner and Nadine Gordi

5、mer),Lessing made herself into a self-educated intellectual.Writing Career Often cited as a heroic figure to feminists,Lessing has continued to write novels,graphic novels,librettos and essays,including works influenced by science fiction and Sufi mysticism.She won the Nobel Prize for literature in

6、2019.Her breakthrough work though,was The Golden Notebook,written in 1962.In 1984,she attempted to publish two novels under a pseudonym,Jane Somers,to demonstrate the difficulty new authors faced in trying to break into print.Her BooksAlphabetically by TitleNovelsThe Grass is Singing(1950)野草在歌唱The G

7、olden Notebook(1962)金色笔记本Briefing for a Descent into Hell(1971)The Summer Before the Dark(1973)Memoirs of a Survivor(1974)The Diary of a Good Neighbour(as Jane Somers,1983)If the Old Could.(as Jane Somers,1984)The Good Terrorist(1985)好恐怖分子The Fifth Child(1988)第五个孩子Playing the Game(graphic novel,illu

8、strated by Charlie Adlard,2019)Love,Again(2019)Mara and Dann(2019)Ben,in the World(2000)sequel to The Fifth ChildThe Sweetest Dream(2019)The Story of General Dann and Maras Daughter,Griot and the Snow Dog(2019)sequel to Mara and DannThe Cleft(2019)Alfred and Emily(2019)Children of ViolenceThe indivi

9、dual volumes are:Book 1:Martha Quest Book 2:A Proper Marriage Book 3:A Ripple from the Storm Book 4:Landlocked Book 5:The Four-Gated City The Golden Notebook The Golden Notebook is the longest and the most ambitious work Doris Lessing has ever attempted to write.It is a masterpiece in portraiture of

10、 the manners,aspirations,anxieties and the particular problems of the times in which we live.It is a daring narrative experiment,in which the multiple selves of a contemporary woman are rendered in astonishing depth and detail.Anna Wulf,like Lessing herself,strives for ruthless honesty as she aims t

11、o free herself from the chaos,emotional numbness,and hypocrisy afflicting her generation.The Fifth Chlid With The Fifth Child Doris Lessing triumphs in a realm of fiction new to her.She has written an ominously tangible novel,a powerfully simple contemporary horror story that makes compulsive readin

12、g to the last word.Literary style Lessings fiction is commonly divided into three distinct phases:Communist theme(19441956),when she was writing radically on social issues(to which she returned in The Good Terrorist(1985).Psychological theme(19561969).and after that the Sufi theme,which was explored

13、 in a science fiction setting in the Canopus series.AwardsThe 2019 James Tait Black Prize 詹姆斯詹姆斯泰特泰特布莱克纪布莱克纪念奖念奖Winning authors Alan Hollinghurst(fiction)and Doris Lessing(biography).Photo Courtesy of the University of Edinburgh2019 The Nobel Prize for Literature She was 87,making her the oldest win

14、ner of the literature prize at the time of the award and the third oldest Nobel Laureate in any category.She also stands as only the eleventh woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature by the Swedish Academy in its 106-year history.She titled her Nobel Lecture On Not Winning the Nobel Prize

15、and used it to draw attention to global inequality of opportunity,and to explore changing attitudes to storytelling and literatureBackground Through the Tunnel was first published in the New Yorker on August 6,1955,and two years later it was reprinted in Doris Lessings collection of short stories,Th

16、e Habit of Loving.Introduction Through the Tunnel is a short story written by Doris Lessing,who is a British writer and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2019.She was described as“the episode of the female experience,who with skepticism fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilizatio

17、n to scrutiny”.However,when it comes to this article,I hold a view that she poured more attention into the theme that is the suffering,struggles and trials of the growth,which is totally different from her ordinary writing style.Plot The storys eleven-year-old protagonist,Jerry,is caught in the diff

18、icult position of being neither a child nor an adult.On a winter holiday with his mother in a foreign country,he encounters some older boys swimming.When they disappear by swimming through a tiny underwater passageway to the other side of a large rock in the ocean,he feels left out and rejected.Jerr

19、y makes it his goal to find the passageway and swim through it,even though it means staying underwater so long that he could drown.By achieving this goal,he attains a form of independence from his mother.Theme In Through the Tunnel,the rite of passage for Jerry is coming of age.On vacation in a fore

20、ign town Jerry sees older boys diving into the water,and figures out that there is an underwater tunnel.After Jerry finds the tunnel,he makes it his goal of getting all the way through the tunnel.In order to do this he needs to hold his breath for quite a long time.He spends his entire vacation trai

21、ning himself to hold his breath long enough to make it all the way through the tunnel and back to the surface.It is Jerrys determination that allows him to focus completely on his goal of getting through the tunnel.Characters Jerry is a good and obedient boy.Maybe because of lacking a male role in h

22、is growing up,he appeared at first in the story to be a bit weak and timid.But the experience of going thorough the tunnel made him stronger.Jerrys mother is a rational,thoughtful and responsible woman.She is a widow and Jerry is her only child.But instead of being too protective and doting,she deci

23、des to be neither possessive nor lacking in devotion to her son.She is struggling to be a reasonable mother to a teenage boy.Writing Features Lessing uses the third person point of view in the whole article to let the story more objective and flexible so that she can describe all sides of the story

24、with ease.Whats more,another feature of this article is that narrative and description are used massively.The environmental description is splendid.The dangerous and wild bay plus the narrow and dark tunnel provide a contrast for the boys great courage indeed.In a word,the author prefer to make use

25、of the adjectives,verbs,psychological description and environmental description to narrate this story rather than filling similar,metaphor,personification or other complicated writing devices with this article.She uses large numbers of words concerning color to present the sea,the rocks,the tentacle

26、 and the tunnel vividly.And she employs a series of verbs to describe the boy,especially the hard training for preparing his adventure and the procedure where he swim through the tunnel,which both reveal the boys courage as well as determination and express his expectation to ripe.The most important

27、 feature is the psychological description.It is used in abundance.Analysis Of Psychologyu What lets us grow up seems not the time but these dangerous and painful experiences.Growth is like a seed buried in our heart,and it will bud through these struggles.When we grow up,we will lose this instinct t

28、urning fogeyish and careful,just like Jerrys mother.u However,we reckon that as a mother,she can receive a full credit.Despite the fact that she is a widow,she finally“determine to be neither possessive nor lacking devotion”,which provides Jerry with more freedom to what he wants and offers him an o

29、pportunity to cultivate his independence.u Besides,those local children can not be left out as well,for they are the guide for Jerry in some degree;they point out a way of growing for him;they are one of the motives for his defiance,contributing to that no one can deny that they play a vital role in

30、 the story.u This is actually the most outstanding feature.Thus,we can observe the boys inner heart directly;we can have contact with his thoughts;even we can share the same feeling with him.Tunnel and Growth It is obvious that the narrow and dark tunnel is a predominant(占主导地位的)symbol in the story.T

31、o our way of thinking,it symbolizes the process of growing up.Jerry always wants to venture“the wild and rock bay”alone,instead of“sunbathing in the safe beach”with his mother.As a matter of fact,in my mind,growth is a sort of instinct that will ebb away with our maturity gradually.As a result,kids

32、always prefer to explore some dangerous things or to take risks to challenge themselves,proving their growth,showing their maturity and owning a satisfaction.Therefore,Jerry suffers a lot by practicing diving in the story,which is like our growth.It is a truth that no one can obtain the essential of

33、 the growth without pain or struggle.Jerry is an energetic and vigorous kid,undoubtedly,who both desires to challenge new things and hopes to go independent.Discussion 1.Why is it so important to Jerry that he should try to join the local boys?2.How does Jerry prepare for his big test and why does he feel he has to get through the tunnel?3.Jerrys mother seems very casual and even uninterested in him and what he does.Do you think she is really casual and uninterested?The EndThank you!