雅思阅读-第二讲-list-of-heading课件.ppt

1、IELTS Research&Development CentreWuhan Branch,Global IELTS,Global English雅思阅读第二讲雅思阅读第二讲List of headings题例：剑43Tips on list of headings题目出现在文章前，要特别注意不要漏做每个标题只用一次标题多于选项，拿不准一个选项先标上多个标题，有空再细看示例中已经选过的段落直接划掉不看，节约时间英文文章结构学术类多为议论说明文多常采用线条清晰而简单的文章结构：l总分式：开头论点论据或说明结尾重申lTopic sentencelsupporting ideas,examplesl

2、Repitition/suggestionlLocation of top sentence:80%首句，15%末句，5%左右在中间）实例：主题句与支持句 In a growing number of hotels and skyscrapers across the nation,steel walls have replaced the foot-thick brick and mortar walls once used.Tests show that a steel wall four inches thick has better insulating qualities than

3、a 12-inch thickness of masonry.In addition,steel-curtain wall panels save both time and labor.And the floor space conserved by use of the thin wall as against the thick wall in a big office building can mean a couple of hundred dollars a year in rentals.Topic sentence:In a growing number of hotels a

4、nd skyscrapers use steel walls instead of brick-and-mortar walls.Supporting ideas:1)A steel wall has better insulating properties.2)Steel wall panels save time and labor.3)A steel wall conserves floor space.解题步骤解题步骤The 1st,2nd&the Last SentencesTopic SentenceMost suitable HeadingKey words of Heading

5、s推理具体内容推理具体内容解题侧重点解题侧重点选项着手:l抓住每个heading中的KEY WORDS文章着手:l抓住文章每段的主题句l无主题句者，需要你从共性的东西中总结推断，可重点关注段落中的重复字眼注意改写现象Headings是原文主题的浓缩改写文章中更具体，选项更概括,更抽象Headings中的关键词可能在原文中会以改写的方式出现主题句非固定特征主题句非固定特征主题句（需要你细读）1.包含性最强的句子2.转折、递进式的句子1.But/however等之后的句子2.Although,in spite of,despite的主句 3.表结论、推断等1.sb believe/hold/imp

6、ly/suggest 等引导的宾从是主句l表定义A is defined as is known as A is Namely/That is This is 非主题句特征非主题句特征非主题句（需要略过）1.举例2.包含细节的句子3.问句4.从句主题句的常规特征Feature:l1.某特定单词反复出现l2.以指代词形式出现l3.以同义词/近义词/同类词的形式出现1.某特定单词反复出现 Animals can move form place to place,but plants cannot.When an animal is under attack,it can run away or f

7、ight back.Plants certainly cannot run away,and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.plantsPlantsplants2.以指代词形式出现 Tropical fish are becoming increasingly popular.Varied in color,they are decorative for homes,offices and even store window

8、s.The rising of such fish is recommended as a relaxing hobby for people in jobs involving much tension.Many hobbyists have made money by breeding those fish varieties for which there is a special demand.Tropical fish are becoming increasingly popular.Varied in color,they are decorative for homes,off

9、ices and even store windows.The rising of such fish is recommended as a relaxing hobby for people in jobs involving much tension.Many hobbyists have made money by breeding those fish varieties for which there is a special demand.3.以同义词/近义词/同类词形式出现 Sydney is home to the state Art Gallery of New South

10、 Wales,the Sate Conservatorium of Music,the Australian Opera,the Sydney Dance Company,and the Australian Ballet.The world-class Sydney Symphony Orchestra offers great classical music all year round.Local theatre is creative and well supported,and large-scale overseas productions tour regularly.Sydne

11、y is home to the state Art Gallery of New South Wales,the Sate Conservatorium of Music,the Australian Opera,the Sydney Dance Company,and the Australian Ballet.The world-class Sydney Symphony Orchestra offers great classical music all year round.Local theatre is creative and well supported,and large-

12、scale overseas productions tour regularly.特例：no topic sentence某些段落主题句不明显，是一系列细节的罗列，此时需要归纳出它们所属的类别。Paragraph C:There is a toaster oven,a blender,and a can opener on one counter.I have a microwave oven on another.In my cupboard,you can find a mixer and a hot air popcorn popper.On the far side of the k

13、itchen,there is a coffee machine and coffee grinder.Heading 4 kitchen utensilsHints from words in the headings1.words signifying the beginning of a passage2.words signifying the middle parts of a passage3.words signifying the end of a passage1.words signifying the beginning（1）名词+of+文章主标题concept,conc

14、eption,introduction,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification,view/main idea/demonstration/orientation/initiation,what is+文章主标题（2）动词+文章主标题 define,justify（3）形容词+名词+of+文章主标题 basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors/elements of+topic2.words signifying the middle（1）所有的比较选项compare,contrast,riva

15、l,similar,match,coincidewith,contrary to,opposite to,versus,akinto,aliento（2）数字选项data,figure,demography,demographic,statistic,census,calculation（3）百分比选项rate,ratio,percentage,proportion,density（4）金钱符号选项wage,income,cost,expense,expenditure,revenue,salary（5）时间指示词 decade,generation,ages,long time,long t

16、erm,long tradition,long process,long procedure,century heritage3.words signifying the ending effect(affect),impact,consequenceresult,generalization,conclusion,summary/aftermath/anticipation Prospect/vision+文章的TOPIC Exercises on headingPlease identify the best heading for each paragraph according to what you read.无主题句，都是细节主题句为第一句 A is 首句非主题句，此段中心只能推断，根据句子间的逻辑关系Practice 1iiiiivviAnswer:iiiAnswer:iAnswer:ivAnswer:viPractice 2Answer:ivAnswer:iAnswer:iiiAnswer:v