2021届 高三二轮专题新高考题型专题复习 阅读填空七选五课件.ppt

1、阅读填空（七选五）阅读填空（七选五）方方 法法 探探 究究3备备 考考 策策 略略4考考 纲纲 解解 读读1命命 题题 特特 点点2高高 考考 新新 题题 型型考考 纲纲 解解 读读 该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。命命 题题 特特 点点 一、文章体裁 一般为280300词左右的说明文或议论文，单纯以时间或事件为线索的记叙文不宜于考查逻辑思维能力，一般较少出现。二、设空类型 设空类型一般有:标题类、主题句类、承上启下类、概括总结类、其他类 三、选项特点 该题型选项大致可分为三类

2、：主旨概括句(文章整体内容或某个语段)过渡性句子(承上启下，体现文章结构)注释性句子(解释说明前文，体现上下文逻辑意义)另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。方方 法法 探探 究究 【例1】The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly.Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led

3、to new kinds of sicknesses.72 So they are called“diseases of civilization”Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.AStone Age people lived a simple life.BBut today,we enjoy eating a lot of these.CIn that case,they would live much healthier.DAncient people also got

4、lots of physical exercise.EThese new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.F.People today probably dont want to live like our ancestors.GModern people used to suffer from“diseases of civilization”.解析：E项的sicknesses与72空前的sicknesses属于同词复现。【例2】On the other hand,the advantages of going overseas may

5、include daytoday opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._ Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family，.AThe following are its advantages.BHowever,there may be a nu

6、mber of disadvantages.CConsider a distance education.DMost of us are adapted to studying at school.解析：第一句话中有advantages，与B项属于反义词复现。空后的Those disadvantages与B项中的disadvantages属于同词复现。方法总结一：词汇复现词汇复现 复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。【例3】Everybody gets stre

7、ssed time to time.Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:(1)Get support.When you need help,reach out to the people who care about you.Talk to a trusted adult,such as a parent or other relatives._72_ They might have had similar problems such as dealing with a test,or the death of

8、a beloved pet.A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.C.Different people feel stress in different ways E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And dont forget about your friends.解析：72空前有trusted adult(可以相信的人)该空前的父母、亲戚；还有朋友(And.friends)。方法总结二：方法总结二：同范畴词出现同范畴词出现 同范畴词是指跟此词

9、汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。【例4】_73_ They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger，.ADoctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.BHe said that laughter is much healthier th

10、an anger.CAnger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.解析：73空后的they与A项doctors照应。答案：A【例5】_72_ Their anger might be so strong that they lose control of their temper.They may act in ways unacceptable and hurtful.People may say that someone has trouble controlling their temper._73_ EIn f

11、act,they usually mean that a kid behaves badly when feeling angry.GSome kids get angry more often or more easily than some other kids.解析：72空后的Their照应G项中的Some kids；答案：G解析：73空前的people照应E项中的they答案：E 方法总结三：方法总结三：代词线索代词线索 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it 可指代单数名词或

12、整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these 或those指代前句的复数名词。细节类题型解题技巧细节类题型解题技巧 一、词汇或语义衔接一、词汇或语义衔接 词汇或语义衔接，即作者在文章上下文不同的 位置对同一个概念进行的重复描述。这种衔接不仅表现在词语（相同、相近或相反）的衔接上，而且体现在同范畴词语的衔接或是某部 分语义的衔接上。此外，代词、冠词、数词，甚至否定词（without）等也常常是解题的突破口。【例6】_ Second,your notes are excellent materials to

13、refer to when you are studying for a test.AYou must write your notes on separate paper.BThere are three practical notetaking methods.CFirst,the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.【例7】It seems urgent,that communications in transport should be im

14、proved._ All over cities,it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite.Communication between human beings should also be kept smooth and polite.B.Yet this is all too often seen.C.The public should obey the rules.also【例8】_ Some choose it because of their religious beliefs.Others say

15、it provides more time for the family to be together.They say home offers a better place for learning.Some parents.A.So a number of parents began home-schoolingB.Home schooling is not accepted by all the peopleC.Parents choose home schooling for several reasons【例9】You and your friends are leaving a c

16、oncert on a Friday night.When you get outside,your ears are ringing.You have to shout to be heard._.So no harm doneright?A.If the answer is yes,your music is too loud.B.But by morning,your hearing is totally back to normal.C.Unfortunately,theres no way to get back hearing youve already lost.二逻辑关系的衔接

17、二逻辑关系的衔接 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A.并列关系：First(ly)，Second(ly)，.；First,then/next，.；In the first place,in the second place.；for one thing,for another thing，.；then/next,finally/last 等。B.递进关系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,whats more,in addition,as well,to make matters worse,not.but.,not only.b

18、ut also等。C.解释例证关系：for example,for instance,in fact/as a matter of fact,actually,in other words/that is to say等。D.因果关系：so/therefore,thus,consequently(结果),as a result(of),so/such.that.，so that.等。E.转折对比关系：but,however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,on the contrary,instead,nevertheless(然而),still,yet,on th

19、e contrary,in contrast/comparison 等。F.概括归纳关系：in short,in brief,in summary,generally speaking,in general,to conclude,in conclusion,in a word,on the whole,to sum up 等。二、二、篇章结构类题解题技巧篇章结构类题解题技巧 根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。【例10】(2010新课标全国卷)_7

20、3_When a person is asking a question,show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.AShow your true interest.BRestate the question with respect.CSome ideas can be quite concrete.解析：所在空为该段大意。2如果问题在段尾 (a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。(b)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找

21、表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,as a result,thus,hence,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。(c)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(d)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他信号线索。前

22、面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的。(e)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。(f)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。【例11】It is not easy to deal with all of our fears and worries.When your fears and anxieties have the best of

23、 you,try to calm down and then get the facts of the situation.The key is to take it slow.All you can do is do your best each day,hope for the best,and when something does happen,take it easy._ A.Take it one step at a time and things will work out.C.This will give you the confidence to manage your an

24、xiety.?态度态度方法方法1.看看标题、副标题标题、副标题文章文章2.看看，找出和文章相对应的，找出和文章相对应的3.通通，查看，查看，分析，分析4.看空前空后内容，分析之间的看空前空后内容，分析之间的5.灵活掌握答题灵活掌握答题(先易后难先易后难)6.代入答案，重点代入答案，重点核查核查逻辑关系。逻辑关系。解题策略解题策略 高考真题高考真题 七选五解析七选五解析Tips for cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience,there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often

25、:ability,money and time,_36 _Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:1.Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I

26、m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat.So think about of the coming week.When will you have time to cook?Do you have the right materials ready?_37_2.Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal,make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of

27、 bread?_38_ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3._39_ This may surprise you,but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can

28、work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try,the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start._40_ and dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live

29、!从后面的句子来看，money叙述了，time也叙述了。只有ability没有叙述。所以答案是B-Ability is easily improved.根据此段开头的关键词ahead，可以判断出此段与ahead有关，所以答案为G项。根据Are you making one loaf of bread?这句话，可以判断出要make one loaf of bread,那就是与数量有关，还有后面的句子中的amount（量）的提示，所以应该选择C项。根据此段的具体内容，特别是It gives you and your schedule.这两句，提到了new ideas和try,可以判断出与new有关

30、，所以选择A项。根据最后一句And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!可以判断出此项与live有关。所以选择F项。A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead.D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.Practice makes perfect!GOODBYEGOODBYE