人教版新目标中考英语语法突破复习专题1名词、名词所有格优质课件.pptx(课件中无音视频)

1、第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第一节名词/名词所有格 名词(一)名词的分类：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。类别定义例词专有名词表示具体的人名，事物，地名，组织等名称的词。China，the Great Wall普通名词可数个体名词表个别人或事物的名称teacher，apple集体名词表若干人或事物的名称family，police不可数物质名词表物质或材料的名称water，bread抽象名词表感情等抽象概念的名称love，knowledge2(二)名词的数：名词按事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。1可数名词：有复数；单数前加a/an。2不可数名词：无复数；不能用a

2、,an 修饰。(1)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化情况构成方法例词特殊名词变内部元音manmen，womanwomen，footfeet，toothteeth单复数同形Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish(中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊、鹿和鱼)完全不规则pennypence，childchildren，mousemice3 国人变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余一般s加后面。ChinaChinese ChineseJapanJapanese JapaneseEnglandEnglishman EnglishmenFranceFrenchman FrenchmenGermany

3、German GermansAmericaAmerican AmericansAustraliaAustralian AustraliansIndiaIndian IndiansCanadaCanadian CanadiansItalyItalian ItaliansBrazilBrazilian BraziliansSingaporeSingaporeanSingaporeans KoreaKoreanKoreans4(2)可数名词复数形式的规则变化情况构成方法例词(口诀)以f或fe结尾一般变f,fe为v再加-es树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(kn

4、ife)去杀狼(wolf)，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。以o结尾四个单词加-es，其余加-s英雄(hero)和黑人(Negro)喜欢吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)以辅音字母y结尾变y为i再加-esbabybabies，citycities，dictionarydictionaries(monkeymonkeys“元音字母y”直接加s)以s，x,ch，sh 等结尾加-esbusbuses，boxboxes，watchwatches，wishwishes一般情况加-sbookbooks，tabletables5(3)不可数名词：分为抽象名词和物质名词，表

5、数量时要用“基数词或不定冠词量词of不可数名词”，注意of后的名词只能用原形。如：a piece of news,two pieces of bread。物质名词食物bread，meat，rice，cheese，fish，beef饮料water，tea，coffee，wine，milk，cola自然物质wood，sand，soil，air抽象名词情感friendship，peace，joy，love概念news，population学科，语言maths，physics，geography，English6 名词的形容词转换：nyrainrainycloudcloudysunsunnyluckl

6、uckyhealthhealthy nfuluseusefulharmharmful beautybeautifulcarecarefulwonderwonderfulthankthankful nlessuselesscarecarelesshelphelpless nlyfriendfriendlylovelovelymonthmonthly nnAsiaAsianAmericaAmericanAustraliaAustralian nenwoolwoolenwoodwoodengoldgolden7(三)名词考点 1集体名词：family，people，crowd，class，polic

7、e(1)指整体时，视为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2)指成员时，视为复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Her family is (be)very big.她家是一个大家庭。Her family are(be)football fans.她全家人都是足球迷。8 2man，woman 作定语修饰名词时，当表示复数意义时，man,woman 及所修饰的名词均要用复数形式。如：men teachers，women teachers。其余只有后一个名词用复数如：boy students，girl students,apple trees。3短语“a/this/that pair of 复数名词”作

8、主语时，动词用单数。How much is(be)this pair of shoes?That pair of pants is(be)mine.4“名词介词(with/except.)名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由介词前的名词决定。Lucy with her friends goes(go)to the park every Sunday.9 5表时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years is(be)a very long time.6常考的不可数名词 roomspace 空间；空地 There is no room to put the desk

9、here.news，information，advice，weather，music，pollution,population.7exercise 作不可数名词，意为“锻炼”。作可数名词意为“练习；操”。We should take more exercise.Its good for our health.Doing more eye exercises is good for our eyesight.To get high scores we should do many math exercises every day.10 名词所有格(一)名词所有格表示人或物的隶属和所有关系，有两种

10、表示形式：1有生命的名词后加-s。2无生命的名词后加of介词短语。类型构成方法例词有生命的名词(人或动物)在词尾加-sTonys pen以-s结尾的名词只加-the students textbooks Teachers Day不规则复数名词在词尾加-sWomens Day Childrens Day两人共同拥有某物用A and BsLucy and Lilys mother两人分别拥有某物用As and Bs Lucys and Lilys beds无生命的名词时间、距离在词尾加-s或-twenty minutes walktodays newspaper其他用“of名词”结构a photo

11、 of my family双重所有格of-s所有格a friend of her mothersof名词性物主代词a friend of mine11(二)名词所有格考点 1表几十分钟的路程的短语：ten minutes walka tenminute walk 2双重所有格和一般所有格的区别：a photo of my sisters(照片属于我姐姐，但照片上的人不一定是我姐姐)；a photo of my sister(照片上的人是我姐姐)3名词所有格表住宅，学校，店铺，诊所(这些名词常省略)the Greens 格林一家at the doctors在诊所12 考点一名词的分类 1(201

12、6中考改编)The students didnt find much_about the topic on that website.()A.reportB article C information 2(2016中考改编)Look at my stamps.They are very beautiful!Youve got a wonderful_.()A.instruction B description C collection 3(2016中考改编)My favorite TV_is A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国)I like it,too.My mother ofte

13、n cooks delicious food after watching it.()A.guidebook B program C instructionCCB13 4(2016中考改编)Someone called you just now.I know.But I was busy at that time.When I called back,there was no _.()A.voice B soundC answer 5(2016中考改编)He will have to watch his _because of his serious stomach problem.()A.s

14、tyleB diet C smell 6(2016中考改编)The Chinese saying“A tree cant make a forest”tells us that_ is very important in a football match.()AabilityB decision C teamworkCBC14 7(2016中考改编)A study shows that good habits play a very important_ in childrens education.I think so.()A.senseB partC reason 8(2016中考改编)T

15、here are a lot of_of bike riding.I agree.Its good for the environment and it saves money.()AinstructionsBinstrumentsCadvantagesBC15 考点二名词的数 1(2016中考改编)Mum,Ive heard that we cant eat_these days.Is it true?Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.()A.chickens B chickenC a chicken 2(2016中考改编)I have g

16、reat_in finishing the work by myself.Can you help me?No problem.()A.funB successC difficultyBC16 3(2016中考改编)At night in Zunyi,we can see many colorful lights on both_of the streets.()A.sidesB sideC sides 4(2016中考改编)Im happy to see great_have taken place in my hometown.Many new roads have been built.

17、()A.experiencesB changesC dreams 5(2016中考改编)Being honest is the first_if you want to make friends with others.()A.stepB timeC handABA17 考点三名词所有格 1(2016中考改编)Toms watch is the same as his_.()A.brother B brothersC brothers 2(2016中考改编)Why did they help Mrs.Brown with her work?Because she was _.()Aan old

18、 friend of them Ba good friend of theirs Cthe friend of themCB18 3(2016中考改编)I dont think doing housework is just_work.()A.womanB womens C women 4(2016中考改编)_mother isnt at home,and she has traveled aboard.()A.Alice and LilysB.Alices and LilysC.Alices and Lily 5(2016中考改编)How far is it from here to the police station?Its about_ride.()A.forty minuteB.forty minutesC.forty minutes 6(2016中考改编)_ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.()A.Jack and MikesB.Jacks and MikesC.Jacks and MikeBACB19adviceexercisesportsEight-year-oldFrenchGermansCACCCA20