Unit 4 重点单词用法梳理-2022新牛津译林版（2020）《高中英语》选择性必修第一册.docx

1、选择性必修一 Unit 4 重点单词1. frozen adj.结冰的,冰封的;冷冻的;冻僵的 freeze v.(使)冻结;冰冻 freezing adj.冰冻的;极冷的be frozen with 吓呆，惊呆 She stared at him, frozen with shock.2. dimension n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度；维a problem of considerable dimensions 一个涉及面相当广的问题Her job added a new dimension to her life. 她的工作为她的生活增添了新的内容.3. grasp n. 理解，领会；抓

2、紧，紧握；控制；能力所及 v. 抓紧；领会，理解beyond the grasp of sb 为.所不能理解 within ones grasp 能力所及 have a good grasp of 掌握得好 grasp the opportunity / chance to do . 抓住机会.4. detect vt.发现,查明,侦察出 detection n.探测;侦查;察觉;发现detector n.探测器detective n.侦探 adj. 侦探的5. complex adj. 复杂的；难懂的；费解的 (SYN complicated) n. （类型相似的）建筑群;相关联的一组事物;

3、情结a complex argument/problem/subject 复杂难懂的论证问题科目a sports complex 综合体育场This is just one of a whole complex of issues. 这仅仅是所有相关的问题之一。to suffer from a guilt complex 蒙受负罪感之苦6. contradictory adj.相互矛盾的,对立的 contradict vt.反驳;相矛盾 contradiction n.(事实、看法、行动等的)不一致,矛盾;反驳We are faced with two apparently contradic

4、tory statements. 我们面前这两种说法显然是矛盾的。The advice I received was often contradictory. 我所得到的建议常常是相互矛盾的。7. dig up 发现，搜集，查明；（在播种或建筑前）掘地，平整土地；掘起，挖掘出Tabloid newspapers love to dig up scandal. 通俗小报都热衷于刨丑闻。They are digging up the football field to lay a new surface. 他们正在把足球场挖开铺一层新地面。An old Roman vase was dug up

5、here last month. 上个月在此地出土了一个古罗马花瓶。dig into sth 开始津津有味地吃,开始贪婪地吃; 探究,探寻,探询She dug into her bowl of pasta. 她津津有味地吃着碗里的面条。 Will you dig a little into his past and see what you find? 你稍微探究一下他的过去看看能发现什么，好吗？ 8. interpret vt. 解释; 理解; 把理解为,领会;演绎 vi.口译 interpreter n.口译员 interpretation n.解释;理解;演绎The students w

6、ere asked to interpret the poem. 学生们被要求诠释那首诗的意义。interpret sth (as sth) 把理解为；领会I didnt know whether to interpret her silence as acceptance or refusal. 我不知该把她的沉默看作是接受还是拒绝。interpret for sb 为某人翻译She couldnt speak much English so her children had to interpret for her. 她讲不了几句英语，所以她的孩子们得给她翻译。 9. patience n

7、.耐心;忍耐力patient adj.有耐心的;能忍耐的 n.病人patiently adv.耐心地with patience 耐心地 have /lose patience with . 对.有/无耐心 have the patience to do. 有做.的耐心 be patient with 对.有耐心10. aside adv. 到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除.以外set sth aside 把放到一旁（或搁到一边）；省出，留出（钱或时间）;暂时不考虑（或放一放）Its much wise to set aside some time to accompany parents or do

8、 something more meaningful. 留出一些时间陪伴父母或做一些更有意义的事情是很明智的。Lets set aside my personal feelings for now. 目前咱们就不要顾及我的个人感情了。She tries to set aside some money every month. 她每个月都尽量存点钱。aside from = apart from 除了.put aside 撇开；把.放在一边，暂不考虑；储存备用11. reward vt. 奖励,奖赏 n.奖励,回报;悬赏金 rewarding adj. 报酬高的;有益的;值得做的reward s

9、b for (doing) sth 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash bonus. 她因自己所作的努力而得到一笔奖金。He rewarded us handsomely for helping him. 对于我们的帮助，他大加酬谢。12. constantly adv.始终,一直 constant adj.不变的;连续发生的Fashion is constantly changing. 时尚总是日新月异。a constant stream of visitors all day 整天络绎不绝的游客Babies need

10、 constant attention. 婴儿一刻也离不开人13. perceive 注意到，意识到；将.理解为，将.视为perceive sb. / sth. as / to be . 把.看做 be perceived as / to be. 将.理解为，将.视为 perceive that. 意识到.This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough. 这一发现被视为一项重大突破。She did not perceive herself as disabled. 她没有把自己看成残疾人。 They were widely percei

11、ved to have been unlucky. 人们普遍认为他们的运气不佳。 14. reality n.现实,实际情况;事实,实际经历 real adj.真正的;真的;真实的 really adv.真正地,真实地 realistic adj.现实的;实际的in reality = in fact 实际上，事实上 come into reality 成为现实Not really. 不完全是；不见得 be realistic about 对.实事求是的a realistic target 切实的目标 a realistic drawing 逼真的绘画15. novelist n.小说家 no

12、vel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新奇的a novel feature 新特征 The corona-19 is a novel virus.16. break with sth. 与某事终止关联，破除 Time calls for a boss willing to break with old habits. break away from 摆脱，逃脱 break down (机器，车辆等) 出故障，抛锚；失败； (身体)垮掉；情不自禁的哭起来 break into 闯入；突然开始（笑、唱等）；成功参与；顺利打入 break off 中断；折断；突然停止 break out (战争，疾病，

13、灾难等)突然爆发 break through 突破；攻克；挣脱而出 break up 打碎；结束；散开，解散； (学校)期中放假；变得虚弱17. industrialization n. 工业化 industry n.工业;行业 industrial adj.工业的;产业的18. advocate v. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. 拥护者，支持者，辩护律师advocate (doing) sth. 提倡（做）某事 advocate + that 从句 (从句要用should型虚拟语气) 提倡.an advocate of . 一个.的拥护者Many experts advocate rewardi

14、ng your child for good behaviour. 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 The report advocated that all buildings (should) be fitted with smoke detectors. 报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。19. belief n.看法,信念;信仰;相信,信心 believe v. 相信;认为真实 believable adj.可信的 unbelievable adj. 难以置信的belief in sth/sb 相信；信心I admire his passionate belief in

15、what he is doing. 我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。belief in God/democracy 对上帝民主的笃信belief that. 看法；信念She acted in the belief that she was doing good. 她这么做是因为她认定自己是在做好事。Contrary to popular belief , he was not responsible for the tragedy. 大家的看法相反，对这出悲剧没有责任。religious/political beliefs 宗教政治信仰20. bend ( bent - bent ) （

16、使）倾斜，偏向;（使四肢等）弯曲;把弄弯（或折起）;（使）拐弯，弯曲She bent forward to pick up the newspaper. 她弯腰去捡报纸。 Bend your knees, keeping your back straight. 膝盖弯曲，背部挺直。 He bent the wire into the shape of a square. 他把铁丝折成正方形。 The road bent sharply to the right. 路向右急转弯。 bent adj. 弯曲的；弯腰的，驼背的；（非正式）不诚实的；决心的be bent on doing sth 决心

17、要做，一心想做She seems bent on making life difficult for me. 她似乎专门和我过不去。21. claim v. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；赢得，获得；引起（注意）；夺去（生命）；索赔（钱财）n. 声称，宣称；所有权；索赔I dont claim to be an expert. 我不敢自称为专家。 It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week. 据说有些医生每周工作80小时。A lot of lost property is never claimed. 许多失物从未被认领

18、。 Hes not entitled to claim unemployment benefit. 他无权要求领取失业救济金。 A most unwelcome event claimed his attention. 一件最讨厌的事情需要他去考虑。 She has finally claimed a place on the team. 她终于成了那支队的队员。 The car crash claimed three lives. 那次撞车事故导致三人死亡。22. hence adv. 因此；今后We suspect they are trying to hide something, he

19、nce the need for an independent inquiry. 我们怀疑他们在企图隐瞒什么事，因此有必要进行独立调查。 23. dare v. 敢于，胆敢；激（某人做某事）He didnt dare (to) say what he thought. 他不敢说出他的想法。They darent ask for any more money. 他们不敢再要钱了。 She dared not breathe a word of it to anybody. 她对任何人都只字不敢提及此事。 Some of the older boys had dared him to do it.

20、 几个大男孩激他，问他敢不敢干这事。 dont you dare! 让人绝不要做某事）你敢，谅你不敢Dont you dare say anything to anybody. 谅你不敢对任何人提起这事儿。 how dare you, etc. （表示气愤）你竟然，你竟敢How dare you talk to me like that? 你竟敢这样对我说话？ How dare she imply that I was lying? 她竟敢暗示我在撒谎？ I dare say 我想；很可能；大概I dare say you know about it already. 你大概已经知道了24.

21、characterize vt. 是的特征,以为典型;使具有特点;描述,刻画 character n.特性;品质;符号;人物 characteristic n.特点;特性;品质 adj.典型的;特有的the rolling hills that characterize this part of England 成为英格兰这一地区特征的绵延起伏的丘陵地The city is characterized by tall modern buildings in steel and glass. 这座城市的特点是钢铁和玻璃建造的现代化高楼大厦林立。 characterize sb/sth (as s

22、th) 描述，刻画，表现（的特征、特点）activities that are characterized as male or female work 被描述为“男性”或“女性”工作的各种活动。25. encounter v. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇；碰到 n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week. 我们在第一周遇到了一些困难。I had never encountered such resistance before. 我以前从未遇到过这么大的阻力The story describes th

23、e extraordinary encounter between a man and a dolphin. 这个故事描述了一个男人与一只海豚之间的奇遇。counter n. 柜台；对立面；计数器； vt. 反击，还击；反驳under the counter 秘密地，暗地里，非法地26. glorious adj. 荣耀的,光荣的;壮丽的,辉煌的 glory n.光荣;荣誉;赞颂;壮丽27. boom n. （贸易和经济活动的）繁荣 v. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣 ；轰鸣，轰响a boom in car sales 汽车销售额的剧增By the 1980s, the computer indust

24、ry was booming. 到20世纪80年代时，计算机行业迅猛发展。Outside, thunder boomed and crashed. 外面雷声隆隆，霹雳炸响。28. stability n.稳定(性),稳固(性) stable adj.稳定的;沉稳的 stably adv.稳定地29. tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的;能耐的 tolerance n. 宽容;容忍;忍耐力 tolerate v.容忍,允许be tolerant of 容忍，忍受 tolerate doing . 容忍做某事 The plants are tolerant of frost. 这些植物耐霜S

25、he refused to tolerate being called a liar. 她拒不接受被称为撒谎者。30. distinguish vt.& vi. 成为.的特征，使有别于；区分；辨别；认出；使出众distinguish A from B = distinguish between A and B 区分A和B At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong? 儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other. 很难

26、分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。 What was it that distinguished her from her classmates? 是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？ She has already distinguished herself as an athlete. 作为运动员她已享有盛名 distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的；高贵的，受尊重的a distinguished career in medicine 在医学领域的辉煌生涯I think grey hair makes you look very distinguished. 我认为灰白的头发使你看上去很有

27、尊严。31. representative adj. 典型的,有代表性的 n.典型人物,代表性人物;代表 represent vt.展现;展示;代表 representation n.描述;表现a representative of . .的代表 represent . as . 把.描绘成. represent sb to do sth 代表某人做某事 represent to sb sth 向某人传达某事a representative of the UN 联合国代表The painting is not representative of his work of the period.

28、这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries. 这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。 The risks were represented as negligible. 他们把风险说得微不足道。32. cast vt. 投射;向.投以（视线、笑容等）;投，抛；选派角色 n. 全体演员；投，抛She cast a welcoming smile in his direction. 她向他微笑以示欢迎。 The setting sun

29、cast an orange glow over the mountains. 橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。 cast doubt on/upon sth 使人怀疑This latest evidence casts serious doubt on his version of events. 最新的证据使人们十分怀疑他对事件的说法。 The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile. 价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。The play is being cast in both the US and Britain. 目前正在英美两国挑选这部戏

30、的演员。He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. 他选定她在他最近的一部影片里扮演一名雄心勃勃的律师。33. owe vt. 欠；感激；应给予；应该把归功于owe sb sth / owe sth to sb 欠（债）,欠（账）;欠（情）She still owes her father 3 000. = She still owes 3 000 to her father. 她还欠她父亲3 000英镑。I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family. 我很感激我的全家人。 Yo

31、u owe me a favour! 你还欠我个人情哪！ I think you owe us an explanation. 我认为你应当给我们一个解释。 owe sth to sb/sth 归因于；归功于；起源于He owes his success to hard work. 他的成功是靠勤奋工作。 34. fascinate vt.&vi.深深吸引,迷住 fascinated adj.极感兴趣的;入迷的 fascinating adj.迷人的 fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力;入迷China has always fascinated me. 中国一直令我心驰神往。It

32、was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy. 这是他自幼就着迷的问题。Ive always been fascinated by his ideas. 我总是对他的想法极感兴趣。a fascinating story/subject 迷人的故事；趣味无穷的话题Its fascinating to see how different people approach the problem. 看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。35. entitle v. 给（某人）权利（或资格）；给题名；称呼be entitled t

33、o sth 使享有权利；使符合资格You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。 Everyones entitled to their own opinion. 人人都有权发表自己的意见。 36. blame vt. 责备；归咎于 n. 责备；责任；过失blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame for 因某事而受到责备；（对坏事）负有责任She doesnt blame anyone for her fathers

34、death. 她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。 Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving. 警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。 Which driver was to blame for the accident? 哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者37. allowance n. 津贴，补助；零用钱；允许；限额make allowance for 考虑到，估计到;体谅；谅解The plan makes no allowance for people working at different rates. 这个计划没有把人们工作速度不同考虑在内。an allowance of $20 a day 每天20元补贴a clothing/living/travel allowance 服装生活交通补贴a baggage allowance of 20 kilos 行李限重20公斤