Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 句子基本结构（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、句子成分和基本句型句子成分和基本句型七种基本成分Part 1什么是句子成分？句子成分：构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。主语谓语宾语定语状语补足语表语同位语句子成分Part 11.主语(subject)通常位于句首，表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物。名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句等均可用作主语。My name is Amy.I coundnt concentrate on the experiment.To see is to believe.Exercising is good for our health.What they need now is water.The rich are n

2、ever happy.句子成分Part 12.谓语(verb)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语。谓语必须是动词，体现时态和语态，一般放在主语之后。简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成 He practices running every morning.复合谓语a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。Hecan speak English.b.助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词，后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。Hedoesnt likespeakingChinese.Ihave seenthe

3、filmbefore.Hedidnt finish hishomeworklastnight.句子成分Part 13.宾语(object)宾语：表示动作所涉及的对象，内容或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。种类：动宾（动词+宾语）；介宾（介词+宾语）My favorite subject is physics.The guy next to me tried to talk to me.He likes to play football.She likes reading short stories.I think you should take an active part

4、 in after-school activities.句子成分Part 14.定语(attributive)用来修饰、限制或说明名词或代词。一般由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语，非谓语动词(短语)及句子等充当。The first impression is very important.The smiling girl needs a pen bought by his father.What an impressive lecture.The excited boys burst into cheers.The man who is giving a lecture now is my

5、 headteacher.句子成分Part 15.状语(adverbial)状语位置灵活，可在句首、句中、句末，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的、比较等，可用作状语的有副词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。Im very delighted to have received your letter.I get up at six every day.During the summer holiday,I visited the Great Wall.Having failed to pass the exam,he decid

6、ed to study hard.Wherever you go,Ill be here waiting for you.句子成分Part 16.表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样，它一般位于系动词之后，构成主系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句充当。系动词系动词(1)表状态：be动词(2)表感官的动词：feel，smell，taste，sound，look等。(3)表转变、变化的动词：become，get，grow，turn，go等。(4)表继续或保持的动词：remain，keep，hold，stay等。(5)表似乎、像的动

7、词：seem，appear等。(6)表终止的动词：prove,turnoutMy dream is to become an engineer.主语系动词表语句子成分Part 17.补足语(complement)起补充说明作用，最常见的是宾语补足语。一般由名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词等充当。He found most of the classmates friendly and helpful.He was recognized a successful player.不定式作主语补足语句子成分Part 18.同位语(appositive)若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，

8、则后一项称为前一项的同位语。Wu Dajing,a famous player,will attend the meeting next Friday.Its important for us students to learn English well.句子成分Part 1写出下列句子中画线部分的成分1.Birds fly._2.The early bird catches the worm._3.They are birds of a feather._4.I heard the birds singing merrily._5.She bought the bird a cage._6.

9、There is a picture on the wall._主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语间接宾语；直接宾语间接宾语；直接宾语主语主语直接宾语：谓语动词的承受者间接宾语：表示谓语动作的方向(对谁做)或动作的目标(为谁做)，间接宾语紧接在 谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。简单句的五种基本句型Part 2英语中简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)。简单句基本句型主语+系动词+表语（SP）主语+谓语（SV）主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVIODO）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）五种基本句型Part 21.主语+系动词

10、+表语（SVP）此句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词(主要是be动词)。The teachersarekind ans friendly.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语五种基本句型Part 22.主语+谓语（SV）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，没有直接宾语；但常带有状语。The little girlis crying.主语主语 谓语谓语 My dream has come true.主语主语 谓语谓语 五种基本句型Part 23.主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以接宾语的动词短语。I read English papers and magzi

11、nes.You must listen to me 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语五种基本句型Part 24.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S V IO DO）此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：间接宾语多由代词或名词充当；直接宾语，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有给某人某物、送某人某物、留给某人某物等意思。间接宾语常常指间接宾语常常指“人人”，直接宾语常常指，直接宾语常常指“物物”Heboughtmea birthday present.主语及物动词主语及物动词 间接宾语直接宾语间接宾语直接宾语五种基本句型Part 2(1)give，tell，teach，write，brin

12、g，lend，hand，show，offer，send，pay，pass，allow，return等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的短语。(2)buy，do，get，fetch，save，make，sing，choose等。这一类动词后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的短语来表示。Pleasehandhimabook!Pleasehandabooktohim!HerfatherboughtherabikeHerfatherboughtabikeforher常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词五种基本句型Part 25.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）复合宾语结构（即：宾语+宾语补足语）宾语

13、补足语是对宾语做什么、怎么样等方面进行补充说明。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。The teacherfoundthe classroomclean and tidy.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语另外三种句型Part 26.主语谓语状语(SVA)Theytalkedfor half an hour 主语主语 谓语状语谓语状语7.主语谓语宾语状语(SVOA)Iwaited for himat the school gate 主语谓语主语谓语 宾语状语宾语状语8.存在句（There be句型）There are five books,two pen

14、s and a ruler in my school bag.主谓一致：就近原则小试牛刀Part 3I.写出下列句子中画线部分的成分1.There is an English corner at our school._2.We had chemistry in the newly-built lab._3.I would like to give you some suggestions._4.The old man sitting at the gate is my grandfather._5.Everyone is so friendly and polite._6.He took m

15、any photos of the Great Wall._7.The man downstairs was trying to sleep._8.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus._主语主语状语状语直接宾语直接宾语定语定语表语表语宾语宾语定语定语宾补宾补小试牛刀Part 3II.判断下列句子的结构类型1I was embarrassed.()2I saw an old man.()3There are teachers online whom you can turn to for help.()4Summer is my favourite season of the year.()5The students and teachers shared a great time.()6The women are talking aloud in the next room.()7The scientist will offer you some good advice.()8The Internet makes shopping easy and convenient.()SPSVOThere be句型句型SPSVOSVAS V IO DOSVOC