Unit 4 Natural disasters 词汇学习（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、一、拓展单词1._n.幸存者；生还者_vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过_n.幸存；残存survivorsurvivesurvival2._vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动_n.影响；结果；效果affecteffect3._n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊_adj.令人震惊的；骇人听闻的_adj.震惊的；震撼的shockshockingshocked4._vi.&vt.呼吸_n.呼吸breathebreath5._vt.&vi.复活；（使）苏醒 _n.振兴；复苏reviverevival6._n.智慧；才智_adj.充满智慧的；明智的wisdomwise7._vt.遭受；蒙

2、受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦_n.疼痛；痛苦suffersuffering8._vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出_n.喷发；迸发erupteruption9._n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力_adj.有影响力的；强有力的powerpowerful10._adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 _n.平静；沉着calmcalmness11._vt.&vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 _n.传送；递送；交付deliverdelivery二、短语记诵1.as _似乎；好像；仿佛though/if2._严重受损；破败不堪in ruins3._ shock 震惊；吃惊in4.

3、_ hand 现有（尤指帮助）on5.in the open air_露天；在户外6.first aid kit _急救箱7.sweep away _消灭；彻底消除词汇1 rescue n.&vt.营救；救援（P48）What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area？救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？知识拓展rescue.from.把从营救出来come to/go to sbs rescuerescue sb救援某人经典佳句When we were trapped in ruins,the soldie

4、rs came to our rescue.当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援我们。单句填空（1）At midnight the soldiers finally _（rescue）the tourists who were trapped in the valley.rescued（2）The firefighters rescued five children _ the burning house yesterday.from（3）The mother,along with her two children,_（rescue）from the mud-rock flow（泥石流）.wa

5、s rescued词汇2 damage n.损失；损害 vt.损害；破坏（P48）Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?首尔的哪些建筑物受损了？知识拓展cause/do damage to 对造成损害;损害damage ones health 损害某人的健康经典佳句They managed to repair the houses that were badly damaged in the earthquake.他们修理好了在地震中严重损坏的房子。易混辨析destroy、damage、harm、hurt和ruin的用法辨析destroy“毁灭；消灭”，主

6、要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复damage“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指肉体、精神、健康等方面的伤害hurt主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”ruin表示严重破坏，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭得彻底，而是强调致使该物的使用价值产生了问题。用作动词时,表示“使毁灭；使崩溃；弄糟”；用作名词时,表示“毁灭；瓦解；废墟”.用damage、ruin、destroy、harm、hurt的适当形式填空（1）There are many ancient temples which have f

7、allen into _.ruins（2）That town was _ in a big fire.destroyed（3）What they said and did _ the relations between the two countries.damaged（4）His words _ my feelings.hurt（5）Drinking too much can _ ones health.harm/damage.一句多译众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。（6）As we all know,smoking can _（damage n）do/cause damage to our

8、 health（7）It is well known that smoking can _（damage vt.）damage our health词汇3 affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动（P49）82 killed，500,000 affected 八十二人死亡，五十万人受到影响知识拓展be greatly/deeply affected/touched 深受感动be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉be affected with high fever 发高烧effect n.效应；影响；结果vt.引起；实现；使发生have an effect on

9、对产生影响图解释义Mrs Black is deeply affected by the touching movie.布莱克夫人被这部感人的电影深深地打动了。.单句填空（1）It can also _（affect）by power and class，but not necessarily so.be affected（2）His timely help affected me_ tears.to（3）_（affect）with a serious disease，he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no

10、 hope of recovery.Affected.一句多译每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。（4）Staying up late every day is certain to _（affect）affect your health greatly（5）Staying up late every day is certain to _（effect）have a great effect on your health词汇4 shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）（P49）Shelters set up by the government政府

11、建立的庇护所知识拓展take shelter from.躲避shelter.from.保护/遮蔽免受shelter from.躲避图解释义The parents best love is not to have the children sheltered all the time,but to have them learn to live themselves.父母最好的爱，不是一直庇护孩子们,而是让他们学会自我生活。完成句子（1）After the terrible earthquake,the homeless need _可怕的地震过后，无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水，还需要合适的住所

12、。not only food and water but also proper shelter（2）We sat in the shade，_ the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。sheltering from词汇5 too.to.（P50）Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋子里。知识拓展too.to.意为“太而不能”，too修饰形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。（1）在too.to.结构中有时出现可数名词

13、单数,而该结构的形式通常为“tooadj.a/an可数名词单数”。（2）too.to.结构表示肯定意义的情况：当too之后跟表示主语的态度、情感、心情或倾向的词,如glad、eager、anxious、happy、ready、nervous、pleased等时，该结构表示肯定意义。It is too long a journey to make in one day.路程太远，一天之内到不了。The text is too difficult for the students to understand.这课文太难了，学生理解不了。He is too eager to know the res

14、ult of his experiment.他迫切想知道他所做的实验的结果。同义句转换（1）The house is not cheap enough for me to buy.The house is _.too expensive for me to buy（2）The problem is too difficult for me to work out.The problem is _ I cant work it out.so difficult that词汇6 as if 句型（P50）It seemed as if the world were coming to an end

15、!仿佛世界末日即将来临！知识拓展句中的as if引导表语从句，可用as though替代。It seemed as if.意为“似乎；看起来”。当as if引导的句子表示真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时用陈述语气。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或不太可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。动词时态的形式如下：（1）从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时（be动词要使用were）。（2）从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词”。（3）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might 动词原形”。More generally,the Internet f

16、unctions as if it were my memory.更通俗点说，互联网所起的作用更像是我记忆能力的延伸。It sounds as if it were raining.听起来像是在下雨。单句填空（1）It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I _（do）it?had done（2）The secretary always acts as if she_（be）the real boss of the company.were（3）The teacher treats the pupil as

17、 if he_（be）her own child.were（4）The two strangers talked as if they _（be）good friends for many years.had been词汇7 in ruins严重受损;破败不堪（P50）In less than one minute,a large city lay in ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。知识拓展ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪ruin ones hope 使某人的希望破灭ruin oneself 自我毁灭图解释义The te

18、mple was in ruins.这座庙宇已经成了一片废墟。.单句填空（1）What left the town in _（ruin）?ruins（2）A large number of churches fell _ ruin after the big flood.into.完成句子（3）The heavy rain completely _.大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。ruined our holiday（4）Although some of the sections _ altogether,the Great Wall is the longest man-made structur

19、e in the world.虽然有些部分已是断壁残垣，或已彻底消失，但长城依旧是世界上最长的人造建筑物。lie in ruins or have disappeared词汇8 shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊（P50）People were in shockand then,later that afternoon,another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们震惊了然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震侵袭唐山。知识拓展a great shock to sb 令某人极为震惊的事in shock 震惊；吃惊shocked adj.震

20、惊的；惊讶的be shocked at/by 对吃惊be shocked to do sth 因做某事而吃惊shocking adj.令人震惊的经典佳句We were all shocked by the shocking news that he was still in a state of shock after the accident.However，when he finally came to himself he looked at us in shock，knowing nothing about the accident.事故发生后他仍处于休克状态，这一令人震惊的消息使我们

21、都感到震惊。然而，当他终于苏醒过来时，他震惊地看着我们，对事故一无所知。点拨shocked adj.“感到震惊的”，表示人的心理状态和心理感受；shocking adj.“令人震惊的”，说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。单句填空（1）The news _（shock）the public,leading to great concern about students safety at school.shocked（2）The news of his sudden death is so _ that everyone is very _ at it.（shock）shockingshocked（

22、3）I was shocked _（hear）that Kobe and his daughter died in the terrible air crash.to hear9 trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱（P50）Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。知识拓展trap sb into

23、 doing sth 诱使某人做某事be trapped in 被困在set/lay a trap 布好陷阱；设下圈套be caught in a trap of.陷入的困境图解释义The locals are encouraged to set traps to kill these animals.当地居民被鼓励设捕捉器捕杀这些动物。.单句填空（1）She _（trap）in the burning house.was trapped（2）I was trapped _ telling the person all I knew.into.句式升级（3）The team were trap

24、ped in the burning building and they were eager to be rescued.（定语从句）_The team who were trapped in the burning building were eager to be rescued.词汇10 bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心（P50）Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.地震

25、发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。经典佳句Their ambitions were finally buried.他们的雄心壮志最终被埋藏了。.单句填空（1）She buried her face _ her hands when she heard the bad news.in（2）Ever since he moved there,he _（bury）in his research work.has been buried（3）In the past three weeks,we have been burying _（we）in study

26、 because the exam is drawing near.ourselves.一句多译因为他埋头读书,所以他不知道外面下雨了。（4）_,he didnt know it was raining outside.（连词because）Because he buried himself/was buried in the book（5）_,he didnt know it was raining outside.（动词-ing形式作状语）Burying himself in the book（6）_,he didnt know it was raining outside.（过去分词作状

27、语）Buried in the book词汇11 effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力（P50）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people,a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力之下,新的唐山从一片地震废墟中崛起。知识拓展make an effort to do sth 努力做某事in an effort to do sth 为了做某事spare no effort to

28、 do sth 不遗余力地做某事经典佳句Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we make an effort.另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有努力，我们才能从错误中学习。.单句填空（1）I do believe that all your_（effort）will pay off sooner or later.efforts（2）As far as Im concerned,you should make a greater effort _（s

29、tudy）hard.to study（3）If I am lucky enough to be given such a good chance，I will spare no effort _（finish）the task.to finish.一句多译我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。（4）Well _ you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.try/do our best to help（5）Well _ you,but you must get prepared to meet

30、all kinds of difficulties.make an effort to help（6）Well _ you,but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.spare no effort to help词汇12 suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦（P51）What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need？你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？知识拓展suffer from 患病；因而

31、受苦suffer from cold/hunger 受冻/挨饿suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦suffering n.苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受难者经典佳句He suffered great pains as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，他遭受了巨大的痛苦。点拨（1）suffer 用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain、loss、defeat、poverty、hunger、punishment、hardship、damage等名词作宾语。（2）suffer 用作不及物动词，后常接from，意为“受之苦；患某种疾病”。

32、.单句填空（1）Death finally brought an end to her _（suffer）.suffering（2）She received many letters of support from some cancer _（suffer）.sufferers.完成句子（3）The company _ as a result of the accident.由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。suffered a great loss（4）Even if he _，he never gave in.即使遭遇许多困难，他从不屈服。suffered from a lot of d

33、ifficulties词汇13 erupt vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出：突然发生；爆发（P52）The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.火山爆发后，住在我们隔壁的那对夫妇自愿去帮忙。知识拓展erupt from 从喷出erupt into 爆发为；突然发出（尤指叫喊）eruption n.喷发；爆发单句填空（1）The volcano erupted and ash began to erupt _ the crater.from（2）Gradually,a r

34、egional conflict in the country erupted _ violent warfare.into（3）The _（erupt）of volcano makes many people lose their lives.eruption经典佳句The volcano may erupt and then there will be earthquakes.Isnt she afraid?火山也许会爆发，那将会引发地震，难道她不怕吗？词汇14 supply n.pl.补给品；供应（量）；补给 vt.供应；供给（P52）The supplies which were pr

35、ovided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。知识拓展in short supply 短缺have a good supply of.备有许多school/medical supplies 学校/医疗用品supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth 向某人提供某物经典佳句（2021全国乙）For the biggest stadiums in the world,we have used data supplied by the World A

36、tlas list so far,which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity.对于世界上最大的体育场馆，我们使用了迄今为止由世界地图册提供的数据，该书根据其规定的永久容量对其进行排名。点拨其他表示“为某人提供某物”的短语：provide sb with sthprovide sth for sboffer sb sthoffer sth to sb.单句填空（1）The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes _ the local people since the ear

37、thquake occurred.to（2）Id like to know the reason why the milk is _ short supply in this area now.in.一句多译没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。（3）There is no need to worry.We can _.supply you with whatever you need（4）There is no need to worry.We can _.supply whatever you need to you词汇15 survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过（P

38、52）Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.她正在喂地震中幸存的婴儿。知识拓展A survive B（by.）A比B活得久survive on 依靠生存下来survive from 从中存活下来；流传下来survivor n.幸存者survival n.U幸存；C残存物经典佳句He was very lucky that he didnt starve to death,but survived the cold winter.他很幸运，没有饿死，而是熬过了寒冷的冬天。单句填空（1）The traveler trapped in t

39、he lonely island survived _ the fish caught in the sea.on（2）Of the six people injured in the terrible accident,only two _（survive）.survived词汇16 power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力；权力（P53）Go to an open space away from buildings,trees,or power lines.去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的空地。知识拓展have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力come to po

40、wer 上台；执政（表示动作）be in power 执政；掌权（表示状态）beyond ones power 某人力所不能及的powerful adj.强有力的经典佳句Great art has the power to change lives.伟大艺术品的力量可以改变人们的生活。完成句子（1）It is two years since the party _.这个政党执政两年了。came to power（2）It is_ to finish the task in two hours.两个小时完成这项工作超出了我的能力范围。beyond my power（3）I do believe

41、that encouragement is _ it can change a person.我确实相信鼓励的力量是如此强大，以至于它可以改变一个人。so powerful that词汇17 calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静（P53）Stay calm.保持镇静。知识拓展calm down 平静下来calm sb down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来calm the nerves 放松精神keep calm 保持镇静calmness n.冷静；镇静；安宁经典佳句Calm yourself down；there is no need to feel upset abou

42、t it.让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。完成句子（1）The excited football fans _.激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。calmed down at last（2）_ in face of danger.在面临危险时，保持镇静很重要。It is important to keep calm词汇18 aid n.&vt.帮助；援助；资助（P53）first aid kit急救箱知识拓展give first aid to sb 对某人进行急救with the aid of.在的帮助下come to ones aid 来帮助某人aid sb in（doing）sth 帮助

43、某人（做）某事aid sb with sth 以某事/物帮助某人aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事经典佳句With the aid of our teachers,we learned how to perform first aid.在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。.单句填空（1）Id be very grateful if you can aid me _ my English.with（2）Li Hua is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother _（clean）the house.to clean.完成句子（3

44、）The world has seen that sports records can be broken only _.全世界都看到了:只有在科技的帮助下，运动记录才能被打破。with the aid of technology（4）The doctors there taught us _ in different emergencies.那儿的医生教我们在不同的情况下怎样对病人实施基本的急救。how to give basic first aid to patients词汇19 crash vi.&vt.碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞；（飞机的）失事；撞击声（P54）The most pow

45、erful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday.昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发了冲击亚洲沿海地带的海啸知识拓展crash into/onto.撞到里/上with a crash 轰隆一声car crash 车祸；汽车碰撞air crash 飞机失事经典佳句If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship,it could damage the vehicle.即使是最微小

46、的一块垃圾撞到宇宙飞船上，也会造成飞船损坏。完成句子（1）_ yesterday on the mountains near the city.昨天一架飞机在该城市附近的山上坠毁了。A plane crashed（2）A lot of passengers were killed _.许多旅客在火车相撞事故中丧生了。in the train crash词汇20 strike v.撞;碰;打；罢工；突然袭击；突然想到；（时钟）敲响；引起（强烈感情）；划（火柴）n.打击；罢工（P54）The undersea quake struck around 7:00 am,Sunday off the w

47、est coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island.周日上午7点左右，印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸发生海底地震。知识拓展be struck by/on/with.被打动；迷恋strike sb in/on+the+身体部位 击打某人某处be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工图解释义撞;碰罢工写出下列句子中strike的意思（1）The stone struck him in the eye._打击；撞击（2）A good idea struck me._突然想起；猛地意识到（3）I was deeply struck by the beauty o

48、f Shangri-La._给留下印象（4）The clock struck twelve._（时钟）敲；报时（5）The girl struck a match to light a cigarette._划（火柴）（6）The bus drivers strike stopped all traffic._罢工词汇21 deliver vt.递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等）（P54）However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而

49、，危险的情况和受损的道路将使运送食物和物资变得困难。知识拓展deliver sth to 投递/运送某物给deliver goods 交货deliver a speech 发表演讲；发表讲话经典佳句It is very considerate of you to deliver milk to our door every morning.你真体贴，每天早上都把牛奶送到我们家门口。完成句子（1）The headmaster _ at the meeting yesterday.在昨天的会议上校长发表了重要讲话。delivered an important speech（2）Please _ m

50、y mother.请把这个包裹交给我母亲。deliver this package to（3）He _ to the students.他给学生们作了一个演讲。delivered a lecture.单句填空1.He said they did not want warbut if attacked,they would fight to the _（die）.death2.The boy walked in as if nothing _（happen）.had happened3.We became _（trap）by the rising floodwater.trapped4.Year