Unit 4 Natural disasters 重点单词和短语（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、Unit 4 Natural disasters1.rescue v.援救;拯救;解救 n.救援;营救单句填空The fireman rescued three children _the burning building.It was you who made _rescue in time,which gave us a second life.froma(1)rescue sb/sth from.从中救出某人/某物(2)go/come to sbs rescue=go/come to the rescue of sb营救某人make a rescue实施救援2.damage vt.损害;

2、破坏(to harm or spoil sth/sb)n.损坏;损失单句填空The girl standing on the stone,which is not permitted,_(damage)the beauty of the place.This could cause serious damage _the countrys economy.damagesto do/cause damage to.对造成损害/伤害destroy 指“彻底毁坏”,不能修复使用,有“毁灭”的意思ruin指“破坏;毁坏”,指由于某种原因使某物的价值、用途减少或逐渐失去美观而成为无用之物;也可指抽象意义

3、的“破坏;毁灭”;作名词意为“废墟”时常用复数形式damage指“部分损坏”,降低某物的价值,但可重新修好使用。多用于指无生命的东西3.affect vt.影响(influence);侵袭;使感动;打动(make sb have a strong feeling of sadness,pity,etc.)单句填空_(affect)with a serious disease,he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.I feel much _(affect)for my mu

4、m,whose words and actions have a positive effect on me.(2020江苏)Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing_(affect)performance.Affectedaffectionaffects (1)be affected by heat/cold中暑/着凉be affected by/with a high fever发高烧be greatly/deeply affected 很/深受感动(2)have an effect on.对产生影响take effe

5、ct生效;奏效come into effect生效;实行be of no effect无效的;无用的(3)feel affection for sb对某人有感情4.shelter n.避难处;居所;庇护(protection from rain,danger or attack)vi.保护;掩蔽 vt.躲避(风雨或危险)单句填空They took shelter the storm in a barn.the shelter of a tent,a crowd is gathered for a brunch.They sheltered a downpour under a tree.fro

6、mUnder from(1)take/seek shelter from 躲避under the shelter of 在的庇护下give shelter to 庇护(2)shelter.from.保护免于5.ruin n.U毁灭;毁坏;常用复数ruins废墟 vt.(使)毁坏(spoil or destroy completely);成为废墟单句填空(2019全国)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists _(ruin)the atmosphere of peace

7、?It rained for two weeks on end,completely _(ruin)our holiday.ruiningruining(1)in ruins严重受损;破败不堪come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落;败落bring.to ruin使失败;使毁坏(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉6.bury vt.埋葬;掩埋(place in a grave or tomb);隐藏;使沉浸;使专心单句填空The girl was sitting on the bench in the park

8、,_(bury)her head in the book in her hands.He stood on the sidewalk with his hands _(bury)in the pockets of his dark overcoat.When I entered the room,I found him _(bury)his face in his hands.buryingburiedburying be buried in=bury oneself in 埋头于;专心于be buried in thought 陷入沉思bury ones face in hands 双手掩面

9、7.suffer vt.&vi.遭受;忍受(experience sth unpleasant,such as injury,defeat or loss);经历单句填空Our life is becoming better and better while in some countries there are still some people suffering _hunger.It is hard to imagine the pain and _(suffer)that these poor people went through during the winter months.f

10、romsuffering (1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏suffer from受折磨;患病(2)suffering n.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事8.supply n.供应(量);补给;pl.补给品 vt.供应;供给单句填空They used the money _(supply)the school with new textbooks.Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes _large supply of baby food with her.Food _

11、(supply)in the flood-stricken area are running out.to supply asupplies(1)water supply供水;供水系统be in short supply供不应求a supply/supplies of.的供应supply and demand供求关系(2)supply sb/sth with sth=supply sth to sb/sth给提供某物be well/poorly supplied with.供应充足/缺乏9.survive vi.幸免;幸存;生还 vt.幸存;比活得长;继续生存单句填空How does the

12、family survive _such a small monthly wage?As far as I know,the old lady survived her husband _5 years.There was only one _(survive)of the plane crash.The doctor gave him one in ten chances of _(survive).onbysurvivorsurvival (1)survive+n.(the fire/earthquake/accident.)从(火灾/地震/事故等)中生还survive on靠维持生活;靠

13、存活下来A survive(s)B by.A比B多活年(2)survival n.幸存;C遗物;幸存物survivor n.幸存者;死里逃生的人10.strike(struck,struck)vt.&vi.打;撞击;罢工;袭击;报时;划(火柴);忽然想起n.罢工写出下列句中strike的词性和词义The visitors were struck by the beauty of the tourist area.A wonderful idea struck me suddenly when I was walking on the street.It is by no means clear

14、 what the president can do to end the strike.I got up early this morning before the clock struck five.A big earthquake struck the city last year,killing dozens of people.动词。给以深刻印象动词。使忽然想起名词。罢工 动词。(钟)报时动词。突然袭击(1)be struck with/by.为所袭击/感动It strikes me that.我突然想到sth strikes sb(=sb strikes on sth)某人想到某事

15、(2)be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工11.deliver vt.递送;传递;发表(演说等);生(小孩儿);接生单句填空Her baby _(deliver)by her own doctor.The express company will get all these goods received _(deliver)to the customers today.(2020天津)Once the book youve requested is delivered the nearest branch,they will inform you by e-mai

16、l,so you can pick it up.was delivered delivered to(1)deliver.to sb把传递给某人deliver a speech发表演说be delivered of(=give birth to)生(2)delivery n.传递;递送;传送注意“接生”可表示为deliver the baby或deliver the woman。1 come to an end 结束单句填空The meeting came to end and he wrote down a great number of key points.The Americans h

17、it hardest will be those already struggling to make_(end)meet.anends (1)at the end of.在尽头;在末端by the end of 到结束时;到时候为止in the end 最后;终于(2)put an end to sth 结束;终结make(both)ends meet 使收支相抵;量入为出(3)end up with 以结束end up doing sth 以做结束 2 sweep away消灭;彻底消除用含sweep的短语的适当形式填空Ninety-mile per hour winds the plai

18、ns.Get a broom and that glass,will you?A sudden feeling of grief all my anger.The crowd the gate of the stadium.swept across sweep up swept away swept through sweep up 打扫;清扫sweep over/across/around 扫视;掠过sweep through 猛烈吹过;席卷;掠过3.as if 引导表语从句It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!仿佛到了世界末日!单句

19、填空Hurry up!It looks as if the train _(go)to move in two minutes.More generally,the Internet functions as if it _(be)my memory.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I_(do)it?The boy stood there with his head bent as if _(critic)by the teacher.is goingwerehad donecriticized句

20、中as if=as though,意为“仿佛;好像”,引导表语从句,常放在be、look、seem、sound、smell、feel等系动词之后。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时,从句的谓语动词要用陈述语气。(2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况,从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其形式如下:as if 4.be doing.when.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我正在和三个孩子一直吃早餐,这时水开始涌进家里。单句填空He (walk)

21、for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.The thief was on the point of putting his hand into the ladys handbag_ the bus suddenly stopped.We (swim)in the lake when suddenly the storm started.I had intended to call on you yesterday,but someone came to see me just when I was about(leave).ha

22、d walkedwhenwere swimmingto leavewhen为并列连词,表示“这时;突然”,相当于and at this/that time。be doing.when.正在做这时be about to do.when.正要做这时had(just)done.when.刚做了这时be on the point of doing.when.正要做这时提升练习提升练习1.(2021天津)Good evening,everybody.Professor King_ (deliver)his lecture in a moment,but let me introduce him firs

23、t.2.(2021新高考)We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May,at 10 am,to demonstrate the variety of(effect)and active exercises.3.(trap)in the ruins,the girl still held a positive attitude.4.(2020全国)And I went home,and over that weekend I wrote the story Clifford the Big Red Dog,and (shock)when

24、 it was accepted for publication.will be deliveringeffectiveTrappedwas shocked5.(2021全国乙)On the other hand,online learning itself has some imperfections,making it difficult for us not to (affect).6.(bury)under the ruins,the little girl was rather frightened.7.(2021浙江1月)Needless to say,I(suffer)a lot

25、.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I survived.8.The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely(destroy).9.A wonderful idea(strike)me suddenly when I was walking on the street.10.The dustman(sweep)up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.11.The(long)of the article should be about 800 words.be affectedBuriedsuffereddestroyed struck swept lengthThank you for listening!