Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句复习课（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。先行词先行词定语从句定语从句A girl who is beautiful is in the classroom.修饰名词或代词句子就叫做定语从句。修饰名词或代词句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有：引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词关系代词：who,whom,whose which,that,as 关系副词关系副词：when,where,why,引导词的作用：引导词的作用：引导定语从句，代替先引导定语从句，代替先 行词在定语从句中做一句子成分。行词在定语从句中做一句子成分。The apple which is red is

2、 mine.主语主语先行词的类别先行词的类别:指人、指物、指时间、指人、指物、指时间、指地点、指原因等。指地点、指原因等。The apple which is red is mine.指物指物1.that:先行词指人或指物；先行词指人或指物；在从句中做主语、宾语、表语。在从句中做主语、宾语、表语。A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man that you want to see.2.which:先行词指物；先行词指物；在从句中做主语、宾语在从句中做主语、宾语The bag which/that is red is mine.This boo

3、k which/that he gives me is interesting.Hong Kong is not the city that it used to be.The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.3.who:先行词指人；先行词指人；在从句中做主语在从句中做主语 、宾语。、宾语。4.whom:先行词指人；先行词指人；在从句中做宾语在从句中做宾语The boy who/that is reading is Tom.He is the man who/that you want to see.He is the man whom you

4、want to see.5.whose:先行词指人或物；先行词指人或物；在从句中做定语。在从句中做定语。The room whose window faces south is mine.The room of which the window faces south is mine.The room the window of which faces south is mine.whose=介词介词(of)+which/whom在介词后面，指事物用在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用，指人用whom。Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been s

5、tolen.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very much.whichwhichwhom指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略that人人/物物主语主语/宾语宾语/表语表语作宾语可省作宾语可省which物物主语主语/宾语宾语作宾语可省作宾语可省who人人主语主语/宾语宾语作宾语可省作宾语可省whom人人宾语宾语（介词未前置）（介词未前置）可省可省whose人人/物物定语定语不可省不可省关系代词关系代词 定语从句分为定语从句分为:限制

6、性定语从句和非限制型定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制型定语从句Jims dog,which was now very old,became ill and died.He didnt tell me any news,which upset me.Mr Smith,who gave a talk several months ago,will come again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句引引导导词词thatwhich who whom whenwhere why as/which who whom whenwhere why as定语从句：定语从句：Jims

7、 dog,_ was now very old,became ill and died.Yesterday I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan.My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用指人用who或或whom,但不能用但不能用that。whichwho/whomwhich as引导的定语从句引导的定语从句(1)as关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语关系代词和关系副词

8、引导限制性定语从句，从句，常出现在常出现在the sameas,suchas,soas,asas 等结构中。等结构中。1.I like the same book as you do.(as作宾语）作宾语）2.I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as作状语）作状语）3.I want to have such a dictionary as he has.(as作宾语）作宾语）(2)as 引导非限制性定语从句（放句首，代引导非限制性定语从句（放句首，代表整个句子）。表整个句子）。1)As we know,he studies very hard.(

9、as代表整个主句，在从句中作宾语）代表整个主句，在从句中作宾语）2)As is known to us,Taiwan belongs to China.(as指整个主句，是从句主语）指整个主句，是从句主语）区别：区别：which也可引导整个句子，但其也可引导整个句子，但其引导的句子不能放在句首，只能后置。引导的句子不能放在句首，只能后置。He lost my bike,_ made me unhappy._ I had expected,he lost my bike.whichAsHe didnt tell me any news,which upset me.Jims dog,which

10、was now very old,became ill and died.which引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句which which 可代表整个句子可代表整个句子,也可以代表也可以代表一成分一成分,但从句不能放句首但从句不能放句首1Patience，without_ you cant do the work well，is a kind of quality.Athat BitCwhich Dwhat答案：C解析：句意为：耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心，你不能做好工作。此处考查了定语从句中“介词which”的情况，which指代的是先行词patience。2The owner w

11、anted to charge$5,000 for his car，_ I managed to lower to$3,500.Asince BwhatCwhich Dthat答案：D解析：关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当lower 的宾语，而that不能引导非限性定语从句。3I still cant believe my eyes when I remember the scene_ the best player should miss the pass.Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dhow答案：C解析：where 引导定语从句修饰先行词scene，wher

12、e在从句中作状语。句意为：当我记起当时那个最好的选手没有过关时，我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。4_ was reported in the paper，people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.AIt BThat CAs DWhat答案：C解析：选择定语从句的引导词的关键是：在主句中找出先行词。该句中定语从句的先行词是后面的整个句子people in mainland China sent disaster relief materials to

13、help the flooded area in Taiwan Island.5Chinas new food law provides for a food recall system_ producers have to stop production if their food isnt up to standards.Awhere BthatCwhen Dwhich答案：A解析：考查定语从句。句意为：中国新的食品法规定了食品召回制度，即如果食品达不到标准，生产者就必须停止生产。先行词为a food recall system，定语从句为producers have to stop pr

14、oduction if their food isnt up to standards(in the food recall system)。6Remember that there is still one point_ we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.Awhere BwhyCwhen Dthat答案：D解析：考查定语从句。解定语从句题的关键是：在主句中找出先行词，该句的先行词是one point，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，这里先行词在从句中作make clear的宾语，所以用关系代词that/

15、which引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，据此选D项。7I admire my English teacher.I can remember very few occasions_ she stopped working because of ill health.Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich答案：B解析：考查定语从句。根据语意“我记得她很少因生病而停止工作”可知，定语从句引导词在从句中作状语，故用when。8The moment_ John will never forget is_ Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice o

16、n how to improve his writing.Athat；that Bthat；whenCwhen；that Dwhen；when答案：B解析：考查从句引导词。第一空用that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词The moment；第二空用when引导表语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。9I dont like the way_ he often uses to speak to me.Ain which Bhow Cwhich Dwhat答案：C解析：考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，而且which在从句中作uses的宾语。10John，_ money is no pr

17、oblem，still leads a simple life.Afor whose Bof whose Cof whom Dfor whom答案：D解析：考查定语从句。可以把定语从句部分变化成“Money is no problem for John”，这样便不难看出用介词for关系代词whom(指代John)来引导定语从句。11He didnt put the things_ they belonged，for_ he got his punishment.Awhich；that Bwhat；thisCthat；whose Dwhere；which答案：D解析：考查复合句。从句子结构看前半

18、句中的从句是状语从句表示放东西的地方，因此使用where引导；后半句是非限制性定语从句，使用which指代前面整个句子的意思，这是which的典型用法。12As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas,_,I am sure,will benefit the people out of work.Awhich BthatCwhat Dwhere答案：A解析：考查非限制性定语从句。which引导的从句修饰前面整个句子，I am sure为插入语。13Soon we came t

19、o a little stream which winds through the hill,_ banks are thick trees.Aon its Bon thatCon whose Don which答案：C解析：考查定语从句。banks与stream是所属关系，应用关系代词whose。又因空处在从句中作状语，故用on whose。此处定语从句为倒装程序，正常语序为thick trees are on whose banks。14Cone were the days _ women had to depend on men.Seeking a life partner has be

20、come a matter of choice for women.Athat BwhichCwhen D/答案：C解析：考查定语从句。语意：女性必须依赖男性生活的日子已经过去，女性可以自己选择她的终身伴侣。when引导定语从句修饰days，相当于on which。15Danxia Mountain has more than 380 stone peaks of various shapes,_ is 681 meters.Athe higher of themBthe highest of whichCthe highest of themDthe higher of which答案：B解

21、析：考查定语从句。语意：丹霞山有380多座不同形状的石峰，其中最高的高达681米。题干中没有并列连词和从属连词，所以排除A、C；根据语意可知答案为B。16What have you done these days?Ive read all the books _ you gave me because they are the best ones _ are on the subject.Athat；that Bwhich；whichCwhat；which Dwho；what答案：A解析：考查定语从句。两个定语从句的先行词均为物，第一个先行词前有all修饰，第二个前有形容词的最高级修饰，所以关

22、系代词都用that。17Yang Liping,_ is known to all of us,is a famous dancer.Ait BwhatCas Dwhich答案：C解析：考查定语从句。语意：众所周知，杨丽萍是著名的舞蹈家。as is known to all of us 表示“众所周知”，此处是as引导定语从句，代替整个主句，插入到主句中。18After supper,he usually stood near the window,_ he could see the tower,the tallest building in this city.Afrom which Bo

23、n whichCon where Dfrom where答案：D解析：考查定语从句。语意：晚饭后，他通常站在窗户旁，从那里他能看见塔，那是这座城市里最高的建筑。from是比较特殊的介词，后面可以接另外一个介词，比如from behind the door，接定语从句时就用from where，本句中from wherefrom near the window。19There are many things in the world _ accepted as certain when they are not certain.Awhich is Bthat isCthat are Dwhat

24、are答案：C解析：考查定语从句和主谓一致。语意：世界上有许多东西被认为是确定的，而它们却并非如此。关系代词that/which代指先行词things作从句主语，从句谓语应该用复数形式。20I took my daughter to the park last Sunday,_ we walked back and forth for two hours.Awhen BwhoCwhich Dwhere答案：B解析：考查宾语从句。语意：上个星期天，我带女儿去公园，在公园里，我们来回走了两个小时。先行词是the park，不是last Sunday，在定语从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导定语

25、从句。进阶练习进阶练习（翻译练习）（翻译练习）1.足球是一项培养孩子跟别人合作的团队活动。2.你想见的那个人住进了这家宾馆。3.他常常回忆起童年在乡下跟爷爷去河边钓鱼的日子4.中国政府正在大力发展农业，农业的重要性现在已是人人皆知。进阶练习进阶练习（翻译练习）（翻译练习）5.会议延期了，而这正是我们所希望的。6.我们不知道他没有来的原因7.这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。8.这就是救了孩子生命的医生9.我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。进阶练习进阶练习（翻译练习）（翻译练习）10.大卫获得了奖学金，他是我的同学。1.足球是一项团队活动。足球是一项团队活动。Football is a

26、team work.1.足球是一项足球是一项培养孩子跟别人合作的培养孩子跟别人合作的团队活动。团队活动。Football is a team work that trains children to work with others.2.那个人住进了这家宾馆。那个人住进了这家宾馆。The man checked in this hotel.2.你想见的你想见的那个人住进了这家宾馆那个人住进了这家宾馆。The man whom you want to see checked in this hotel.3.他常常回忆起童年的日子。他常常回忆起童年的日子。He often recalls the

27、days of his childhood.He often recalls the days of his childhood when he and his grandfather went fishing by the river.3.他常常回忆起童年他常常回忆起童年在乡下跟爷爷去河边钓鱼的在乡下跟爷爷去河边钓鱼的日子。日子。4.中国政府正在大力发展农业中国政府正在大力发展农业。Chinese government is trying to develop agriculture with great efforts.4.中国政府正在大力发展农业，中国政府正在大力发展农业，农业的重要性现

28、农业的重要性现在已是人人皆知在已是人人皆知。Chinese government is trying to develop agriculture with great efforts,the importance of which is now known to everybody.5.会议延期了。会议延期了。The meeting was put off.5.会议延期了，会议延期了，而这正是我们所希望的而这正是我们所希望的。The meeting was put off,which/as was exactly what we wanted.6.我们不知道原因。我们不知道原因。We don

29、t know the reason.6.我们不知道我们不知道他没有来的他没有来的原因。原因。We dont know the reason why he didnt show up.7.这本书与那本书一样。这本书与那本书一样。This is the same book.7.这本书与这本书与我昨天丢失的我昨天丢失的那本书一样。那本书一样。This is the same book as I lost yesterday.8.这就是医生。这就是医生。This is the doctor.8.这就是这就是救了孩子生命的救了孩子生命的医生。医生。This is the doctor who saved

30、 the boys life.9.我们永远不会我们永远不会忘记那一天忘记那一天。Well never forget the day.9.我们永远不会忘记我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的中华人民共和国成立的那一那一天。天。Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.10.大卫获得了奖学金大卫获得了奖学金。David has won a scholarship.10.大卫获得了奖学金，大卫获得了奖学金，他是我的同学他是我的同学。David,who is my classmate,has won a scholarship.