2020高考英语增分大二轮讲义：语法部分 专题一语法填空 第2讲 Word版含答案.doc

1、第2讲无提示词类先定填哪类词 再定填哪个词(一)根据句子本身的含义考点填冠词1(2019全国卷)When we got a call saying she was shortlisted, we thought it was _69_ joke. 解析ajoke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数，故其前用a。2(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs.解析theat the top of ones lungs意为“以某

2、人最大音量”，为固定短语。3(2017全国卷)As _65_ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.解析aas a result为固定短语意为“结果，因此”。若空后有名词且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指，或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式，则一般填冠词。此外，还需注意冠词的固定搭配。考点填介词1(2019全国卷)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _63_ dogs, seven to be exact

3、.解析ofa pack of是固定搭配，意为“一群”。2(2018全国卷)I was searching _67_ these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.解析forsearch for为固定搭配，意为“寻找，搜寻”。3(2017全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they traveled to and _62_ work.解析fromto a

4、nd from意为“来回”，and为关键提示词。当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一般填介词。高考语法填空中对介词的考查侧重固定搭配或习惯用法，应注意平时多积累。考点填代词1(2018全国卷)Running is cheap, easy and . If you are poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _70_ a try.解析it/running此处号召我们尝试一下跑步这种运动，因

5、此可用it代指running，当然也可直接填running。2(2018浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _58_ can be to eat out.解析it 正常语序为 it can be how cheap to eat out，其中不定式为真正的主语，it为形式主语。当句子缺少主语或宾语时，一般要填入代词或名词。高考侧重对it作形式主语、宾语的考查，近几年对人称代词、不定代词的考查往往会给提示词的。(二

6、)根据上下句的逻辑关系考点填关系词/连接词1(2019全国卷)They were well trained by their masters _64_ had great experience with caring for these animals. 解析who分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。2(2019全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _62_ she opened

7、with her late husband Les.解析which分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。3(2018全国卷)Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 解析who此处表示“我不知道谁更害怕”，设空处是引导宾语从句的关系代词，意为“谁”，故填who。高考一般侧重对定语从句引导词的考查，名词性从句和状语从句的

8、关联词亦会涉及。另外根据近几年高考语法填空的设空特点，考生也可用下列方法进行辅助判断：(1)设空处跟在名词后面，且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定，即表示这个名词的性质、特点等，则为定语从句，然后再根据这个名词在空后句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词；如果空后的句子对前面的名词进行补充说明，即为前面名词的具体内容，则为同位语从句，此时要根据句子意义去分析用何关联词。也就是说，空前的那个名词如果可以代入空后的句子，则为定语从句；如果不能则为其他从句。(2)设空处所在的句子后面为逗号，逗号后为另一个句子，此时一般为状语从句。(3)设空处后面有两个谓语动词，通常后面的那个是主句的谓语，前面为主语从句；

9、设空处跟在及物动词或介词后面，且后面有谓语动词，通常为宾语从句；设空处跟在系动词后面(注意系动词不仅仅是指be动词，还包括感官动词和表示动作保持或变化的动词)，则为表语从句。(4)设空处前面是逗号，这时有三种可能：如果修饰前面某一个名词，则为非限制性定语从句；如果前后句式和意义完整，则用并列连词，考生可参考我们下面考点2的内容；如果句子修饰动词或全句，则是状语从句。考点填并列连词1(2019全国卷)I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.解析but根据语意可知此处应表示转折关系，另外not . but . “不是而是”，也是固定

10、结构。2(2016全国卷)In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _61_ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.解析and这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，故应填and。3(2014全国卷)But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months.解析ora few days和a few months为并列关系，且此句为否定句，

11、故填or。当空格处前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般填并列连词。此时要根据前后部分的逻辑关系或固定句式去填and, but，or等。考点填从属连词1(2019天津高考)Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _ he wants their support.解析unless汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。由句意可知，此处填unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。2(2016全国卷)Over time, _65_ the population gre

12、w, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.解析as/when设空处引导时间状语从句， 意为“随着人口的增长/当人口增长时”，故填as或when。从属连词是连词的一种，用来引导从句，作为主句的一部分，修饰主句。确定从属连词的关键是，先判断其前后是不是两个完整的句子，它们是否都有各自的谓语，然后根据句意确定它们的从属关系判断具体用哪个词。(三)根据句子结构考点填其他语境词1(2019全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining _61_ hard

13、 that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there.解析so分析句子结构可知，此处是so . that .结构，意为“如此以至于”，so修饰副词hard。2(2018全国卷)The review says it is more effective at lengthening life _65_ walking, cycling or swimming. 解析than根据设空前的more effective可知，此处使用了比较级结构，故应用than引出比较对象。3(2015全国卷)It was raining

14、lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours _62_， Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog.解析before/earlier根据语意和“Id been at home”的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前，我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前，故此处填before或earlier均可。高考语法填空中，有时也需要根据固定搭配或句式以及逻辑关系来填写适当的语境词，这类知识侧重考生基础

15、知识的积累和对语篇的理解。考生在平时做题时要多加分析，勤于总结。过关检测(限时：20分钟)(2019保定高三模拟)Meilun and Meihuan, two Chinese pandas born in the US, have been back in China. However, they have not got rid of their old habits; they still prefer American crackers (饼干) to Chinese bread, and know English _1_ (well) than Chinese.The pandas

16、arrived at Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding on November 5. Meilun is very lively, often _2_ (jump) onto the roof and hanging upside down from a rail. Unlike her elder sister, Meihuan is much calmer. She prefers _3_ (sit) still and observe her new environment, occasionally snacking on ba

17、mboo.“Pandas are shy with strangers and need company，” _4_ (explain) Luo Yunhong, a breeder at the panda base. Luos main worry about the pandas transition (过渡) is that they both love American crackers so much _5_ everything they eatfrom bamboo to apples and even watermust _6_ (mix) with the crackers

18、. To help them get used to food in China, Luo has been gradually replacing the crackers with Chinese bread.Another problem is that Meilun and Meihuan cannot understand Sichuan dialect, only hearing _7_ names can make them raise their heads. In contrast, they react _8_ a number of basic words in Engl

19、ish, such as “Come here”Luo has been recording their stool samples (粪便样本)and body temperatures every day, _9_ (provide) daily updates to the ExitEntry and Quarantine Bureau of Chengdu. According to the officer, the sisters are _10_ (gradual) getting used to their new lives.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10

20、._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章报道了旅美明星大熊猫“美轮”“美奂”从美国回国后，在饮食习惯和语言方面逐步适应的过程。1better考查副词的比较级。由句意以及文中的than可知，应填入well的比较级better。2jumping考查非谓语动词。jump和句中的hanging并列作状语，故应用其ing形式。3to sit考查非谓语动词。由句中的observe可知，此处用动词不定式作prefer的宾语。4explained考查动词的时态。他作出解释的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。5that考查固定结构。本句中含有“so . that .”结构，意为“如此以至于”。6be mixed考查动

21、词的语态。此处表被动含义，故用被动语态，且与情态动词连用，故填be mixed。7their考查代词。根据空后名词names可知，此处用形容词性物主代词，指它们的名字，故用their。8to考查介词。react to为固定搭配，意为“对作出反应”。9providing考查非谓语动词。provide与其逻辑主语Luo构成主动关系，故用动词ing形式作状语。10gradually考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词形式。Second tier cities have become more attractive to fresh graduates, with unicorn companies (“独

22、角兽”公司) the new favorite choice, among graduates born after 1995, according to _1_ report. The report _2_ (show) the percentage of graduates who look forward to _3_ (find) a job in those cities rose to 44 percent, up eight percentage points from last year.At the same time, the number of graduates _4_

23、 will choose first tier cities dropped _5_ 36 percent from 51 percent in 2013.More graduates are flocking to the “new first tier cities”， such as the _6_ (east) city of Hangzhou, where the G20 summit _7_ (hold) in early September, 2016. It also reveals the attractiveness of _8_ (tradition) web porta

24、l or software companies is fading as companies dealing with big data, or in the cultural and entertainment industry, begin to win more young hearts.Unicorn companies, such as Ant Financial and Didi Chuxing, are the new appealing stars in recruitment (招聘)The report also _9_ (definite) shows 14.8 perc

25、ent of this years graduates are willing _10_ (join) some startups with fewer than 100 employees, up 5.9 percent from last year.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了二线城市正成为大学毕业生就业的首选。1a考查冠词。a/an单数可数名词表泛指，故填a。 句意：根据一份报告，二线城市对“95后”应届毕业生更具吸引力，而“独角兽”公司则成为了新宠。2shows考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本篇文章叙述的是事实，且文章通篇用

26、一般现在时，故此处也应用一般现在时，主语“The report” 是第三人称单数，故填shows。3finding考查非谓语动词。look forward to . “盼望”，to是介词，介词之后应该用动名词作宾语，故填finding。4who/that考查定语从句的引导词。“_4_ will choose first tier cities”是定语从句，先行词是graduates，指人，引导词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。5to考查介词。drop to “下降到”。6eastern考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词形式。7was held考查动词的时态和语态。本句的时间状语是“in

27、early September, 2016”，所以用一般过去时，此处从句主语“the G20 summit”与动词hold存在被动关系，故填was held。 8traditional考查词性转换。修饰名词用形容词形式。9definitely考查词性转换。修饰动词用副词形式，故填definitely。10to join考查非谓语动词。be willing to do sth. “愿意做某事”，故填to join。强化特训1语法填空(二)(限时：40分钟)1(2019广西钦州市高三质检)A toy animal might not matter much to the average perso

28、n, but for a child, it could mean the world. When 10yearold Leon Ashworths mom couldnt afford _1_ (buy) him a toy panda he badly wanted, he wrote a _2_ (pity) note on the toys box begging _3_ (shopper) not to buy it until his mom could. What happened next _4_ (be) so heartwarming that it would melt

29、you.The boy, Leon Ashworth, _5_ lives in Liverpool, England with his mom, first saw his beloved “Panda” at an Asda supermarket, the British equivalent of WalMart. Though he was willing to wait with _6_ (patient) until his mom _7_ (pay) on June 15th to take the lovely panda home, the stores staff dec

30、ided to do something extremely thoughtful after they noticed Leons scribbled letter. They decided to buy it for him.In search _8_ the young author, whom they didnt know at the time, they posted the note on Facebook and eventually attracted the attention of Debbie Ashworth, who _9_ (immediate) recogn

31、ized her sons handwriting. The Asda crew invited the mom and her son back to the store, and had a wonderful surprise waiting for them. “This is _10_ best day of my life.” Leon remarked to his mom.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。一个喜欢玩具熊猫的男孩由于没有钱购买玩具，留下一个便条希望购物者不要把玩具买走，等到妈妈发了工资再来购买。这件事触动了店员们

32、，于是他们集资购买玩具送给这个男孩，献出了爱心。1to buy考查非谓语动词。表示“买得起”用afford to buy，此处指Leon Ashworth的妈妈给他买不起玩具熊猫。故填不定式to buy。2pitiful考查词性转换。此处修饰名词note，用形容词，指令人同情的便条。故填形容词pitiful。3shoppers考查名词。shopper是可数名词，此处表示泛指，用复数形式，泛指购物者们。故填shoppers。4was考查动词的时态。此处是讲述Leon Ashworth的故事，与文中所给时态一致，也应用一般过去时。句中从句What happened next作主语，动词用单数。故填

33、was。5who考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The boy, Leon Ashworth，指人，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。6patience考查词性转换。介词with后用名词作宾语，with patience “耐心地”。故填patience。7was paid考查动词的时态和语态。此处指Leon Ashworth的母亲在6月15号被付给工资，指那天发工资。表示被动意思且作谓语，和上下文时态一致，故用一般过去时的被动语态。8of考查固定短语。in search of “寻找”，是固定短语。故填of。9immediately考查词性转换

34、。此处修饰动词recognized，故用副词。故填immediately。10the考查冠词。最高级best前加the，此处指最好的一天。故填the。2(2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔三模)Famous British physicist Stephen Hawking, _1_mental genius and physical disability made him a household name and inspiration across the globe, has died at age 76.Propelled (推动) to superstar by his 1988 book A

35、Brief History of Time, which became _2_ unlikely worldwide bestseller, Hawking devoted _3_ (he) to unlocking the secrets of the Universe. His genius and wit _4_ (win) over fans from far beyond the world of astrophysics, earning comparisons with Albert Einstein and Sir Isaac Newton.Hawking died _5_ (

36、peaceful) at his home in the British university city of Cambridge in the early hours of Wednesday morning.“We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today，” professor Hawkings children said in a statement _6_ (carry) by Britains Press Association news agency. “He was a great scienti

37、st and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live _7_ for many years.”Hawking refused to accept the predictions that he would only live for a few years after developing a form of motor neurone disease in his early _8_ (twenty). The illness gradually robbed him of mobility, _9_ (leave) him

38、confined to a wheelchair, almost completely paralysed and unable to speak except through his voice synthesiser (合成器)“His courage and persistence with his brilliance and _10_ (humorous) inspired people across the world，” his family said.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。英国最著名的物理学家斯蒂芬霍金，于星期三早晨

39、在家中平静地去世，他一生致力于探究宇宙的奥秘。他的时间简史成为当时最畅销的书。他的天才和智慧不仅在物理学界赢得了盛赞，而且还赢得了世人的崇拜。1whose考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Stephen Hawking，定语从句的主语mental genius and physical disability与先行词构成所属关系，设空处在从句中作定语，故用whose。2an考查冠词。时间简史是一部畅销书，表示数量“一”，形容词unlikely的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。3himself考查固定搭配。devote oneself to (doing) sth.为固

40、定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”。故填himself。4won考查动词的时态。本文主要讲述霍金生前的事，应用一般过去时，因此本空填won。5peacefully考查词性转换。修饰动词died应用副词，故填其副词形式peacefully。6carried考查非谓语动词。根据by Britains Press Association news agency可知，statement与carry之间是被动关系，故用过去分词carried作后置定语。7on考查固定搭配。live on为固定搭配，在此意为“继续活着，继续存在”。故填on。8twenties考查固定搭配。in ones twenties，为固定

41、搭配，意为“在某人二十几岁时”。故填twenties。9leaving考查非谓语动词。前文所述内容“The illness gradually robbed him of mobility”，导致了后面的结果，即“使他只能坐在轮椅上”。表示自然产生的结果用动词的ing形式。故填leaving。10humor/humour考查词性转换。设空处作介词with的宾语，应用所给词的名词形式，故填humor/humour。3(2019河北唐山高三模拟)Hermit crabs (寄居蟹) live their lives in temporary, secondhand accommodation. A

42、s the hermit crab grows, it must find a larger shell for _1_ (protect). If a shell is too small, the crab will not be able to move back fully into it and therefore becomes _2_ easy target of its enemies.Competition _3_ empty shells can be quite fierce among hermit crabs, especially if the supply is

43、limited. Sometimes, however, the crabs form orderly “chains”， waiting patiently for some _4_ (hour) to obtain a shell of the right size.This process begins with a single hermit crab leaving its own shell _5_ (inspect) a nearby empty shell for size. If the shell is too large, the crab will return to

44、_6_ (it) own shell and wait close to the empty shell. As new crabs arrive, they repeat the inspection process.If the new home _7_ (prove) unsuitable, they will return to their shells to wait in a queue. _8_ (amaze), the crabs order themselves in this waiting chain, _9_ may consist of up to 20 indivi

45、duals, from the largest to the smallest! When a crab claims the empty shell, all the individuals in the queue quickly exchange their shells in order, each crab _10_ (move) up to the nextsized shell!1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章用简洁的语言介绍了寄居蟹的生活习性。1protection考查词性转换。作介词for的宾语，用名词形式。2an考查冠

46、词。由target为可数名词单数，且easy的发音以元音音素开头可知，此处填an。3for考查介词。此处表目的，故用for。4hours考查名词。hour为可数名词，被some修饰，应用复数形式。5to inspect考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式表目的。6its考查代词。此处修饰后面的名词shell，表所有，即它自己的壳，故填its。7proves考查动词的时态和语态。prove在此处为连系动词，无被动语态。由该空后主句用一般将来时可判断，此处用一般现在时。8Amazingly考查词性转换。修饰句子应用副词，amazingly意为“令人惊讶地；惊奇地”。9which考查定语从句的引导词。此