最新中考英语 精讲语法 4介词 (史上讲解最全)课件.ppt

1、菏泽语法四介词考点考点1 时间介词时间介词(1)in,on,at(2)during,induring和和in都表示一段时间。都表示一段时间。但但during更加强调时间的更加强调时间的延续性，可以表示在一段时间内自始至终的状态。延续性，可以表示在一段时间内自始至终的状态。(3)for,sincefor和和since表示的时间状语都有延续之意，表示的时间状语都有延续之意，“for时间段时间段”表示表示“延续多久延续多久”，作时间状语时，句子可用过去时、完，作时间状语时，句子可用过去时、完成时或将来时；成时或将来时；since后接表示时间点的短语，意为后接表示时间点的短语，意为“自自从从(过去某时

2、过去某时)以来以来”，说明自过去某时延续至今的一段，说明自过去某时延续至今的一段时间，常与完成时连用。时间，常与完成时连用。(4)in,afterin和和after后都可以接时间段，表示后都可以接时间段，表示“(时间时间)之后之后”，in用于将来时，用于将来时，after用于过去时。用于过去时。(5)by,beforeby表示表示“截止至截止至；到；到为止为止”，包括其后的时间；，包括其后的时间；before则表示则表示“在某时之前在某时之前”，不包括其后的时间。，不包括其后的时间。You should get your homework by Friday.你应该最迟于星期五把作业准备好。你

3、应该最迟于星期五把作业准备好。(包含星期五包含星期五)Can you come and meet me before Friday？你能在星期五之前来见我吗？你能在星期五之前来见我吗？(不包含星期五不包含星期五)1(2017黄冈中考黄冈中考)I havent finished the book report of Journey to the West.Its so difficult.You should hurry up.The report is due _ three days.Ain Bfor Con DatA2(2017滨州中考滨州中考)Thanks _ our governmen

4、t,we can play sports on the new playground next week.Thats for sure!And well have a sports meeting _ one month.Afor;in Bto;inCfor;after Dto;afterB3(2017临沂中考临沂中考)A couple from Australia welcomed five healthy babies _ January.Aat Bin Cfor Don4(2017济宁中考济宁中考)The Dragon Boat Festival is _ the fifth day o

5、f May on the lunar calendar(阴历阴历)Ain Bon Cat DbyBB5(2017北京中考北京中考)More and more young people go skating _ winter.Aat Bin Con Dto6(2017福建中考福建中考)China successfully hosted the Belt and Road Forum _ May,2017.Aon Bin CbyBB7(2017怀化中考怀化中考)What time do you usually get up on weekends?I usually get up _ 7 oclo

6、ck in the morning.Aat Bin ConA考点考点2 方位介词方位介词(1)across,through,pastacross强调从表面横过；强调从表面横过；through强调从内部穿过；强调从内部穿过；past强调从旁边经过。强调从旁边经过。across,through,past的区别的区别三个词都表示三个词都表示“穿过穿过”，但是穿过的位置不同，但是穿过的位置不同，这是考生经常触雷的地方。这是考生经常触雷的地方。(2)in,on,over,abovein“在在里面里面”，通常指被包含在某物之内；，通常指被包含在某物之内；on“在在上面上面”，与表面有接触，反义词是，与表面

7、有接触，反义词是beneath；over“在在之之上上”，指在物体的正上方或覆盖在物体表面，反义词是，指在物体的正上方或覆盖在物体表面，反义词是under；above“在在之上，高于之上，高于”，指在上方，指在上方，不一定是垂直的正上方，其反义词是不一定是垂直的正上方，其反义词是below。(3)between,among表示在两者之间用表示在两者之间用between；在三者或三者以上之间；在三者或三者以上之间用用among。(4)in/on/to方位名词的用法方位名词的用法8(2017德州中考德州中考)A woman stood _ the window,watching the child

8、ren playing games in the garden.Apast BthroughCacross DbyD9Hong Kong is _ the south of China,and Macao is_ the west of Hong Kong.Ain;to Bto;to Cto;in Din;in10(2017成都中考成都中考)I cant see Lucy because she is _ the tree.Ain front of Bbehind Cnext toAB11(2017上海中考上海中考)Shirley is still waiting for her flight

9、 to New York City _ the airport.Aat Bunder Con Dwith12The moonlight is shining in _ the window.Everything in the room looks nice.Aover Bacross Cthrough DpastAC考点考点3 方式介词方式介词(1)in,by,within指指“用用”某种材料，某种材料，“用用”某种表达方式或度量单位，某种表达方式或度量单位，“用用”某种语言或语言活动的方式；某种语言或语言活动的方式；by“用用方式方式”，后面常跟表示手段、交通方式的名词作宾语；后面常跟表示手

10、段、交通方式的名词作宾语；with表示表示“用用”一种具体的工具或手段。一种具体的工具或手段。(2)by,on,in交通工具交通工具当交通工具前没有限定词修饰时，介词只能用当交通工具前没有限定词修饰时，介词只能用by；当交；当交通工具前有限定词通工具前有限定词(冠词和物主代词等冠词和物主代词等)时，介词可用时，介词可用on，也可用也可用in,但不可用但不可用by。He has returned to Beijing by air.他已乘飞机返回北京。他已乘飞机返回北京。They go to work on their bikes.他们是骑自行车上班的。他们是骑自行车上班的。I will pic

11、k you up at the airport in my car.我将开车去机场接你。我将开车去机场接你。by,on,in交通工具的区别交通工具的区别有无限定词修饰时，应该用哪个介词是考生经常触雷有无限定词修饰时，应该用哪个介词是考生经常触雷的一个点。的一个点。13I made coat _ my hand.It was made _ hand not with a machine.Ain;in Bin;withCwith;by Dwith;withC14We are asked to write _ ink,that is,_ a pen.Awith;in Bin;inCin;with D

12、with;with15(2017海南中考海南中考)Mr.Zhao is going to the airport _ taxi.Ain Bon CbyCC16Can you answer the question _ French?Aby Bwith Cfrom Din17Tom went to school _ his bike,and I_ my fathers car.Ain;in Bby;on Con;in Don;onDC考点考点4 常用固定搭配常用固定搭配What/How about.?怎么样？怎么样？with the help of.在在的帮助下的帮助下from.to.从从到到b

13、etween.and.在在和和之间之间get to到达到达on duty值日；值班值日；值班18(2017咸宁中考咸宁中考)Zheng He was a Ming Dynasty _ that we Chinese people are proud of.I agree with you.He even succeeded_ sailing to the east coast of Africa.Atourist;to Bphilosopher;inCinventor;to Dexplorer;inD19(2017淮安中考淮安中考)Music has become a bridge _ the

14、 East and the West.Ain Bat Camong Dbetween20(2017武威中考武威中考)The whole family were _ agreement about what they should do next.Aabout Bof Cin DonDC21(2017十堰中考十堰中考)He did all this _ silence,and very rapidly.Aat Bin Cwith Dof22(2017宿迁中考宿迁中考)Your gloves should be made _ leather,for they feel soft and smoot

15、h.Ain Bon Cfor DofBD23(2017乌鲁木齐中考乌鲁木齐中考)Your best friend is really talented _ learning foreign languages.Yes,he is also good _ other subjects.Ain;with Bat;forCin;at Dat;toC考点考点5 其他常考介词其他常考介词(1)without“没有没有”，后面接名词、代词或动名词。，后面接名词、代词或动名词。She just left without saying a word.她一句话也没说就走了。她一句话也没说就走了。(2)inclu

16、ding“包含；包括包含；包括”The price is$100,including your meals.价钱是价钱是100美元，包括你的饭钱。美元，包括你的饭钱。(3)with“和；具有，带有；用，以；由于和；具有，带有；用，以；由于”，常表示伴随。，常表示伴随。She came back with a letter in her hand.她手里拿着一封信回来了。她手里拿着一封信回来了。(4)against“反对；靠着，倚着反对；靠着，倚着”，反义词为，反义词为for，表示表示“支持支持”。There is a ladder against the wall.有架梯子靠在墙上。有架梯子靠

17、在墙上。(5)except,except for,but,besidesexcept表示表示“除除之外之外(不再有不再有)”，强调不被包括在内。，强调不被包括在内。The office is open every day except Sundays.办公室除了星期天以外天天开门。办公室除了星期天以外天天开门。except for“除除之外之外”，表示整体情况良好，表示整体情况良好，局部出现问题。局部出现问题。The article is good except for some spelling mistakes.除了一些拼写错误，这个文章整体还是很好的。除了一些拼写错误，这个文章整体还是很

18、好的。but与与except同义，表示同义，表示“除了除了”，常用于，常用于no one,nobody,all等代词后。等代词后。Theres no one but me.这里除了我没有别人。这里除了我没有别人。besides“除除之外还有之外还有”。What languages do you know besides Chinese and English？除了汉语和英语以外你还懂什么语言？除了汉语和英语以外你还懂什么语言？(6)as作介词，意思是作介词，意思是“作为；以作为；以身份身份”。He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他五年前以游

19、客的身份来过中国。他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。English is used as a foreign language in our country.英语作为一门外语在我国被使用。英语作为一门外语在我国被使用。(7)in front of 与与in the front of in front of“在在的前面的前面”，指某一范围以外的前面，反，指某一范围以外的前面，反义词是义词是behind;in the front of.“在在的前面的前面”，指某，指某一范围以内的前面，反义词是一范围以内的前面，反义词是at the back of。Miss Gao is standing at the

20、 front of the classroom.高老师站在教室的前面。高老师站在教室的前面。(指某一范围内的前面指某一范围内的前面)There is a tall tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵大树。房子前面有一棵大树。(指某一范围以外的前面指某一范围以外的前面)24What do you spend your time on _ working and studying?Aexcept BbesidesCbut B25We need fifteen more people _ the twenty of us to do the job.Abesides

21、 BandCexcept A26Did you know where Mr.Smith lived?No one knew where Mr.Smith lived _his daughter.Abesides Band Cexcept27Thirty passengers were hurt,_ five children.Ainclude BincludingCincluded DincludesCB菏泽语法十二简单句与特殊句型考点考点1 感叹句感叹句(1)What a/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！可数名词单数主语谓语！(2)Whatadj.可数名词复数主语谓语！可数名词复数主语谓语

22、！(3)Whatadj.不可数名词主语谓语！不可数名词主语谓语！(4)Howadj./adv.主语谓语！主语谓语！感叹句式：感叹句式：Whatadj.不可数名词主语谓语！不可数名词主语谓语！中考常考查中心名词是中考常考查中心名词是news,weather时的感叹句式，形容时的感叹句式，形容词前面不能用冠词。考生经常在这个句式中触雷。词前面不能用冠词。考生经常在这个句式中触雷。1(2017泰安中考泰安中考)_ exciting the speech about“The Belt and Road”was!Of course!It was a really great inspiration to

23、 the world.AHow BWhat CHow a DWhat anA2(2017哈尔滨中考哈尔滨中考)The summer vacation is coming.Why dont you go to the beach to enjoy the sunshine?Sounds great._ advice!AWhat good BHow good CWhat a goodA3 _ amazing the speech he gives in the English speech contest is!AHow BHow anCWhat a DWhat anA4(2017安顺中考安顺中考

24、)We have built a highspeed train station in Anshun now.Wow,_！Itll be more convenient for us.Awhat an excited news Bhow excited the news isCwhat exciting news Dhow exciting newsC5(2017黄石中考黄石中考)Look,_ excited the boy is on seeing these cute pandas!Ahow Bhow anCwhat an DwhatA6(2017十堰中考十堰中考)Ma Long won

25、the mens singles final match at the 2017 World Table Tennis Championships._ exciting news it is!AWhat BWhat aCWhat an DHowA7(2017连云港中考连云港中考)_delicious food you served us tonight!Thank you very much!Im glad that you enjoyed it.AHow BHow a CWhat DWhat aC8(2017宿迁中考宿迁中考)Have you heard that Lin Tao saved

26、 his neighbour from a big fire last night?Yes._brave young man he is!AHow BHow a CWhat DWhat aD考点考点2 祈使句祈使句9(2017济南中考济南中考)Laura,_ out the rubbish when you leave.And Ill do the dishes.OK,Dad.Atake Btakes Ctook Dto takeA10(2017长沙中考长沙中考)_ carefully,please!Look at the road sign.There is a school ahead.A

27、Drive BTo drive CDrivingA11(2017南京中考南京中考)Excuse me,but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?Just _going for two more blocks and youll see it.Akeep Bto keepCkeeping DkeepsA12(2017武威中考武威中考)Boys and girls,_ learning and have fun!Akeep Bto keep Ckeeping DkeptA考点考点3 倒装句倒装句It was really hot yesterday

28、.昨天真热。昨天真热。So is it today.今天也很热。今天也很热。(倒装句倒装句)/So it was.确实如此。确实如此。(表示赞同表示赞同)He doesnt like English at all.他一点也不喜欢英语。他一点也不喜欢英语。Neither does Lily.莉莉也一样。莉莉也一样。Here comes the bus.车来了。车来了。Here you are.给你。给你。There is a pen and some books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和一些书。桌子上有一支钢笔和一些书。there be句型中不能用实义动词句型中不能用实义动词h

29、ave。13(2015达州中考达州中考)Oh,my god!Recently I have put on 5 pounds._.I think I should lose weight.ASo do I BSo have ICNeither do I DNeither have IB14(2016龙东中考龙东中考)I dont know if you _ to Marys party next Sunday.If you go,_Ago;so will I Bwill go;so will ICwill go;so do I15Between the two buildings _ a tal

30、l pine.Astands BstandCdo stand Ddid standBA考点考点4 疑问句疑问句疑问句由疑问句由“疑问词疑问词(短语短语)助动词主语动词原形助动词主语动词原形”构成构成。16(2017济南中考济南中考)_ you have an eraser,Cindy?Yes.Its in my pencil box.AIs BAre CDo DDoesC17(2017青岛中考青岛中考)_ do you go to a movie?Twice a week.AHow long BHow soonCHow often DHow farC18(2017长春中考长春中考)The Ch

31、angchun subway will be in use._will it take you to get to school on it?Only ten minutes.Itll be quick and convenient.AHow much BHow manyCHow often DHow longD19(2017北京中考北京中考)_did you stop playing?Because I was tired.AHow BWhy CWhen DWhereB20(2017渝北中考渝北中考)_ has the girl waited for the bus over there?F

32、or half an hour.AHow often BHow manyCHow long DHow soonC21Mum,_ shall we have lunch?We will have it when your dad _.Awhen;returns Bwhere;will returnCwhere;returns Dwhen;will returnA22(2017营口中考营口中考)_ is it from your home to the park?Its about ten minutes walk.AHow often BHow farCHow long DHow soonB23

33、(2017宜昌中考宜昌中考)You dont look well._ with you?I have a fever and cant stop coughing.AWhats happening BWhat is it CWhats on DWhats the matterD考点考点5 选择疑问句选择疑问句在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句，不能用在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句，不能用Yes或或No回答，而是从问句中选择一种情况进行回答。回答，而是从问句中选择一种情况进行回答。Can you speak English or French？你会说英语还是法语？你会说英语还是法语？

34、I can speak English.我会说英语。我会说英语。24(2017济南中考济南中考)Will you go bike riding with Sam or stay at home?_.My book report is due in two days.AYes,I will BNo,I wontCIll ride a bike DIll stay at homeD25(2016济南中考济南中考)Bill,does your sister have brown hair or red hair?_.She takes after my mother.AYes,she does BN

35、o,she doesntCBrown hair DI dont knowC26Do you go to school by bike or by bus?_AYes,I do BNo,I dontCBy bike DOn footC27Is your father a teacher or a doctor?_AYes,he is BNo,he isntCHes a doctor DI dont knowC考点考点6 反义疑问句反义疑问句(1)基本结构：前肯后否；前否后肯；前后基本结构：前肯后否；前否后肯；前后(人称、时态人称、时态)一致。一致。(2)常见的特殊形式常见的特殊形式陈述部分含有陈

36、述部分含有never,nothing,hardly,seldom,few,little等否定词时，附加问句部分用肯定形式。等否定词时，附加问句部分用肯定形式。He has few friends here,does he？他在这儿没什么朋友，是不是？他在这儿没什么朋友，是不是？陈述部分含有陈述部分含有un，in，im，dis等否定形式的等否定形式的前缀构成的词汇时，附加问句部分用否定形式。前缀构成的词汇时，附加问句部分用否定形式。Jack looks unhappy,doesnt he？杰克看起来不开心，是不是？杰克看起来不开心，是不是？陈述句是陈述句是I think,I suppose,I

37、believe,I consider等结等结构时，附加问句的动词与形式要根据从句确定。注意构时，附加问句的动词与形式要根据从句确定。注意“否定前移否定前移”。I think you can do it better next time,cant you？我觉得你下次可以做得更好，是不是？我觉得你下次可以做得更好，是不是？I dont believe there will be robots at peoples homes,will there？我认为人们的家里不会有机器人的，对吗？我认为人们的家里不会有机器人的，对吗？反义疑问句中的否定前移反义疑问句中的否定前移反义疑问句的陈述句部分含有反义

38、疑问句的陈述句部分含有I dont think/suppose/believe等时，附加问句用肯定形式，谓语动词与从句一致。等时，附加问句用肯定形式，谓语动词与从句一致。祈使句的反义疑问句分两种情况：祈使句的反义疑问句分两种情况：Lets do sth.,shall we?其他形式：其他形式：will you?(3)反义疑问句的答语反义疑问句的答语肯定答语用肯定答语用Yes，否定答语用，否定答语用No。注意前否后肯的反义疑。注意前否后肯的反义疑问句答语问句答语Yes表示表示“不不”，No表示表示“是是”。Bob can swim,cant he？鲍勃会游泳，是不是？鲍勃会游泳，是不是？Yes,

39、he can.是的，他会。是的，他会。Bob cant speak Chinese well,can he？鲍勃说汉语说得不好，是不是？鲍勃说汉语说得不好，是不是？No,he cant.是的，他说得不好。是的，他说得不好。28(2017绥化中考绥化中考)Your father went to the park yesterday,_？Yes,he did.Adidnt he Bdoesnt he Cdid heA29(2017龙东中考龙东中考)There is little pollution in that village,_？No.The air there is quite fresh

40、and clean.Ais there Bisnt there Cis itA30(2017营口中考营口中考)Jim is never late for school,_？No,he is used to getting to school early.Ahas he Bis heChasnt he Disnt heB31(2017呼和浩特中考呼和浩特中考)He doesnt speak English or Japanese,_？_.He speaks Chinese.Adoes he;Yes,he doesntBdoesnt he;No,he doesCdoes he;No,he does

41、ntDdoes he;Yes,he doesC32(2017渝北中考渝北中考)Jack is really tall,_？Adoes he Bdoesnt heCis he Disnt he33(2017乌鲁木齐中考乌鲁木齐中考)My sister never fights with her classmates over small things,_？Adoesnt she Bis sheCdoes she Disnt sheDC34(2017上海中考上海中考)Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicine,_？Ais she Bdoes sheCisnt she Ddoesnt sheB