2020版人教版高考英语一轮课件 基础语法 定语从句答题技巧.pptx

1、 定语从句定语从句定语从句概念关系词：关系词：引导定语从句引导定语从句的词。它有三个作用的词。它有三个作用先行词：先行词：定语从句所修定语从句所修饰的名词或代词饰的名词或代词在全句中做在全句中做定语的从句定语的从句引导定引导定语从句语从句 代表先行词代表先行词 在从句中做在从句中做句子成分句子成分 知识网络知识网络定语从句关系词关系关系代词代词做主语：做主语：Im a scientist who/that studies animals such as apes and monkeys.做宾语：做宾语：The girl(whom/who/that)I met yesterday is call

2、ed Jane.做定语：做定语：I had a student whose creativity would infect others.指人指人定语从句关系词关系关系代词代词指物指物做主语：做主语：I do not like the novels which/that have unhappy endings.做宾语：做宾语：Id like to see the car(which/that)you bought yesterday.做定语：做定语：The house whose doors(=the doors of which/of which the doors)are green i

3、s my uncles.定语从句关系词关系关系副词副词做时间状语做时间状语(先行词是时间先行词是时间)：July is the month when(=in which)natures berries are in abundance.做地点状语做地点状语(先行词是地点先行词是地点)：Upstairs he had a studio where(=in which)he painted a little.做原因状语做原因状语(先行词是先行词是reason)：This is the reason why(=for which)he was late for school.做方式状语做方式状语(先

4、行词是先行词是way)：I dont like the way that(=in which)you laugh at her.定语从句关系词介词介词+关关系代词系代词Here was someone with whom I could share my feelings.=(whom/whom/that)I could.with I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers accident.(in the dream)He has three children,two of whom are college stu

5、dents.(部分部分与整体与整体)定语从句关系词不能用不能用that非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句：He changed his mind,which made me very angry.直接位于介词后：直接位于介词后：These were all qualities for which I had once respected my elder brother.people,those,one等指人时多等指人时多用用who：People who reach out to strangers feel good.定语从句关系词先行词包括人和物：先行词包括人和物：They talked

6、about the persons and things that most impressed them.The first thing that should be done is to work out a plan.This is the best dictionary(that)Ive ever used.序数词或序数词或最高级后最高级后指事物的不定代词后：指事物的不定代词后：Now all that was needed were the parents.只只/多用多用that定语从句关系词只只/多用多用thatThey are thought to be the only ins

7、ect that does this.The Birds Nest is the very place(that)you cannot miss when you visit Beijing.the only/very后的事物后的事物 Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?Which is the house that caught fire last night?who/which开开头的问句中头的问句中先行词在先行词在there be后：后：There is still a lot of homework(that)we hav

8、e to do in our spare time.定语从句非限制性定语从句三个特点三个特点:对先行词起补充说明作对先行词起补充说明作用；用逗号与主句分开用；用逗号与主句分开;不可由不可由that引导。引导。The market,which was founded in 1979,sets up its tents every Saturday.先行词是整个主句：先行词是整个主句：Mary was late again,which made the teacher very angry.先行词是专有名词：先行词是专有名词：John likes rice,as opposed to Mary,w

9、ho hates it.先行词前有物主代词：先行词前有物主代词：His son,to whom he has been devoted,is living abroad.先行词是一类人或事物：先行词是一类人或事物：Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.须用须用情况情况定语从句As引导的定语从句限制性：在限制性：在such,as,the same后后:This is the same person as came yesterday.非限制性：非限制性：As was expected,he p

10、erformed the task with success.(不出所料不出所料)as做主语，谓语通做主语，谓语通常要有常要有be考点考法考点考法关系词关系词whenthat/whichwhichwho关系代词关系代词 But Sarah,_has taken part in shows,wants to prove.it is possible to have too much of both,_ is not good.made a study_ showed a mere five to.关系副词：关系副词：.goes back to my days,_ I was the first

11、Western TV reporter填填空空.planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important.They had a small pond which they raised fish.改改错错whichthat/which或或which wherein1.要去露营的人请在大门口集合。要去露营的人请在大门口集合。Those who are going camping

12、 please gather at the gate.2.失去健康的人就失去了一切。失去健康的人就失去了一切。He who loses health loses all.用写 作 运3.他的班上有五十个学生，其中大多数都非他的班上有五十个学生，其中大多数都非常努力。常努力。There are fifty students in his class,most of whom are working hard.4.不出所料不出所料,他轻而易举地通过了考试。他轻而易举地通过了考试。As was expected,he passed the exam easily.5.我们队赢了这场比赛，这使得我们非

13、常高兴。我们队赢了这场比赛，这使得我们非常高兴。Our team won the game,which made us very happy.顾真 题 回一、语法填空一、语法填空 在空白处填入在空白处填入1个适当的单词。个适当的单词。1.(2018全国全国卷卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early death

14、s from all causes.先行词是先行词是a study，在定语从句中作主语，用关，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词系代词that或或which。that/which2.(2018全国全国卷卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-testing program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.先行词是先行词是program，指物，定语从句中缺主语，指物，定语从

15、句中缺主语，用关系代词用关系代词that或或which。that/which3.(2017全国全国卷卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃吃点心点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your foodLike anything,it is possible to have too much of both,_ is not good for the health.非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句的非限制性定语从句，先行词是前

16、面整个主句的内容，即内容，即“脂肪和盐两者都可能吃得太多脂肪和盐两者都可能吃得太多”，这对健康不利。在从句中作主语，用这对健康不利。在从句中作主语，用which。which4.(2017全国全国卷卷)But Sarah,_ has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句,补充说明补充说明Sarah;先行词先行词Sarah是人，在从句中作主语，故用是人，在从句中作主语，故用who引导。引导。who5.(2016全国

17、全国卷卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.非限制性定语从句，先行词是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the mid-1980s，并在从句中作时间状语，故用并在从句中作时间状语，故用when。when6.(2016全国全国卷卷)t

18、he great Chinese scholar Confucius,_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced非限制性定语从句，先行词是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius,在从在从句中作主语，用句中作主语，用who。who7.(2015全国全国卷卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artis

19、ts in so many Chinese paintings.先行词是先行词是tops and dark waters，并在从句中作主，并在从句中作主语，用语，用which或或that。8.(2014全国全国卷卷)Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.先行词是先行词是habit，并在从句中作主语，用，并在从句中作主语，用which或或that。which/thatwhich/that二、短文改错二、短文改错 1.(2018全国全国卷卷)They also had a small pond which they raised

20、 fish.因因they raised fish主谓宾齐全，先行词是表主谓宾齐全，先行词是表示地点的示地点的a small pond(小池塘小池塘)，故用作地点，故用作地点状语的关系副词状语的关系副词where，或者在，或者在which前加前加in，in which=and in the pond。where或在或在which前加前加in2.(2017全国全国卷卷)In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house

21、.引导非限制性定语从句不能用引导非限制性定语从句不能用that。先行词。先行词是是garden，用，用which。which3.(2017全国全国卷卷)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments.先行词是先行词是the things，代替先行词并在，代替先行词并在定语从句中作主语，用定语从句中作主语，用which或或that。that/which4.(2013全国全国卷卷)Having

22、tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.引导非限制性定语从句不能用引导非限制性定语从句不能用that。which5.(2012全国大纲全国大纲卷卷)Third,we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing,especially bath water,for which is quite a lot,and that will save m

23、uch water.先行词是先行词是bath water，在从句中作主语，不，在从句中作主语，不用介词，用了介词，作不了主语。用介词，用了介词，作不了主语。6.(2016四川卷四川卷)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in the kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.先行词是先行词是the dishes，在从句中作，在从句中作cooked的宾的宾语，用语，用which或或that或省略。或省略。which/that析考 情 分 考情：考情：定语从句是语法填

24、空的常考点，定语从句是语法填空的常考点，13套试卷中考了套试卷中考了8题。特别是全国题。特别是全国卷，每年一题，卷，每年一题，必须重视。短文改错中，自必须重视。短文改错中，自2007年以来年以来35套试套试题中仅考了题中仅考了5题，且从题，且从2012年才开始考查定语从年才开始考查定语从句。语法填空句。语法填空8题中有题中有4题，短文改错题，短文改错5题中有题中有3题，是非限制性定语从句，可见非限制性定语题，是非限制性定语从句，可见非限制性定语从句是考查的重点。从句是考查的重点。到目前为止，具体考点有：到目前为止，具体考点有：1.先行词是人时，用先行词是人时，用who。如语法填空第。如语法填空

25、第4和第和第6题。题。2.先行词是物时，用先行词是物时，用which。如语法填空第。如语法填空第1、2、3、7和第和第8题。题。3.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。如短文改错不能引导非限制性定语从句。如短文改错第第2和第和第4题。题。4.先行词是表示时间或地点的词，在从句中作先行词是表示时间或地点的词，在从句中作状语时，分别用状语时，分别用when和和where。如语法填空第。如语法填空第5题。题。解法：解法：首先判断是否是定语从句，是限首先判断是否是定语从句，是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句；然后制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句；然后看先行词是人，是物还是整个主句；再看代看先行词是人，

26、是物还是整个主句；再看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中作何种句子表先行词的关系词在定语从句中作何种句子成分，最后再确定填哪个关系词，或者句中成分，最后再确定填哪个关系词，或者句中关系词是否用错。关系词是否用错。练模 拟 操一、语法填空一、语法填空1.(2018湖北黄冈湖北黄冈)You want only the best for yourselves,_ is the source of your problems.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子，先行词是前面整个句子，故用故用which。which2.(2018河南安阳河南安阳)Many pieces of beauti

27、ful pottery(陶器陶器)were discovered in Luoyang,Henan Province,_ there were a few tombs of the Tang Dynasty,when a railway was in the process of being constructed in 1899.先行词是先行词是Luoyang，并在定语从句中作地点状，并在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词语，故用关系副词where。where3.(2018河南诊调河南诊调)Filled with countless illustrations(插图插图)and photog

28、raphs that accompany facts _ are short and to-the-point,the book gives a rather detailed but short history of the field of science.先行词是先行词是facts，先行词是物时用，先行词是物时用which或或that,但为了避免重复但为了避免重复,用用which为宜。为宜。which4.(2018河北张家口河北张家口)The first one looked at the survey data _ was collected from 210,000 particip

29、ants of all ages from nearly 100 countries.修饰前面的修饰前面的data。5.(2018河北石家庄河北石家庄)I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend,Gu Yu,_ would guide me to get around Beijing.补充说明先行词补充说明先行词Gu Yu。that/whichwho6.(2018河北唐山河北唐山)The Huangshan pines are a uniquely classified tree species,_dont grow in

30、the earth,but are rooted in steep cliffs(悬崖悬崖).先行词是先行词是tree species，引导非限制性定语从句，引导非限制性定语从句不能填不能填that。which7.(2018贵州遵义贵州遵义)There are many large rivers in China,among _ the Changjiang River and the Yellow River are the longest and most important.先行词是先行词是 large rivers,among which=and among them。which8.(

31、2018贵州贵阳贵州贵阳)The festival traditionally begins on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with the Lantern Festival _ is on the 15th day.修饰前面的修饰前面的the Lantern Festival。9.(2018贵州安顺贵州安顺)There are two aspects about In the Name of the People to _ we should pay attention.先行词是先行词

32、是In the Name of the People，因直接在，因直接在介词后，只能填介词后，只能填which。which/thatwhich10.(2018广东汕头广东汕头)With it going on sale in China in October,it is now facing competition from many local brands,most of _ have similar phones sold at much lower prices.先行词是先行词是brands,因前面有介词因前面有介词,只能用只能用which,不能填不能填that。which11.(20

33、18广东肇庆广东肇庆)One of my school friends Sandhya used to stay in Subhas Nagar,_ was situated in a little lower area across the railway line.先行词先行词Subhas Nagar虽是地点，但在非限制性虽是地点，但在非限制性定语从句中作主语，只能用定语从句中作主语，只能用which。which12.(2018广东东莞广东东莞)In the past,tea drinking took place in a setting _ “spring water runs on

34、marble”.因因setting表地点，且在从句中作状语，故用表地点，且在从句中作状语，故用where。13.(2018广东东莞广东东莞)Behind the popularity of emojis(表情符号表情符号)is the rise of young people _ welcome new technology and new inventions.先行词是先行词是young people并在从句中作主语。并在从句中作主语。who/thatwhere14.(2018福建三明福建三明)I was moved to tears when I got a photo album fro

35、m my parents,_ reminded me of my happy childhood.先行词是先行词是a photo album，引导非限制性定语从，引导非限制性定语从句只能用句只能用which，不能填，不能填that。which15.(2018安徽六安安徽六安)Were often told to“eat a rainbow”and we aim for the very guideline _ says the more color a food has,the better it is.修饰修饰guideline,因先行词被因先行词被the very修饰修饰,故用故用that

36、。16.(2018安徽毫州市安徽毫州市)My dad was a quiet man,_ never bought or borrowed anything unless he could afford it.先行词是先行词是a quiet man，非限制性定语从句，非限制性定语从句(不能填不能填that)。thatwho17.(2018福建泉州福建泉州)I have a friend in London _ orders badly.Never has she really enjoyed her meal.修饰先行词是修饰先行词是friend，并在从句中作主语。，并在从句中作主语。18.(

37、2018河北邢台河北邢台)Most obese people dont have shorter lifespan(寿命寿命)than non-obese people and in fact its the underweight people _ are most at risk.先行词是先行词是people，在从句中作主语。，在从句中作主语。whowho19.(2018湖北孝感湖北孝感)China has more than 271 million online consumers every year,_ made the express delivery extremely diff

38、icult in the following few days.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句(不能填不能填that)，补充说明前面，补充说明前面的主句。的主句。which20.(2018湖北襄阳湖北襄阳)While in Sweden and Austria,_ there are strict laws about advertising during childrens programs,there is only one food per hour.先行词是先行词是Sweden and Austria，在非限制性定，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语。语从句中作地点状语。where21.

39、(2018广东佛山广东佛山)Then,with the taste of China in my mouth,I returned to Beijing as an exchange student in 2014,_ I fell in love with this city.可看作定语从句，先行词是可看作定语从句，先行词是2014，在从句中作状，在从句中作状语，用语，用when；也可以看作是并列句。；也可以看作是并列句。22.(2018广东茂名广东茂名)Prof Hu has been bringing his 80-year-old mother,_ has Alzheimers,to

40、his classes.在非限制性定语从句中作主语，补充说明在非限制性定语从句中作主语，补充说明mother。whowhen/and23.(2018河北唐山河北唐山)He is now a member of“Xicheng Grandma”,that is,volunteers,usually women in late middle age,_ walk along the streets of downtown Beijings Xicheng district.先行词是先行词是women，在非限制性定语从句作主语。，在非限制性定语从句作主语。who24.(2018湖南怀化湖南怀化)In

41、 his forties,he was tired of his various businesses and threw himself into British Mensa,a club for clever people,_ was made well-known owing to his managing skills and strength of personality.先行词是先行词是club，引导非限制性定语从句，用，引导非限制性定语从句，用which。which25.(2018山西孝义山西孝义)They were also flown to send good wishes

42、to couples _ had their first son.先行词是先行词是couples,在从句中作主语在从句中作主语,用用who或或that。26.(2018安徽宿州安徽宿州)According to statistics from the organizer,157,326 visitors attended the festival,many of _ were hanfu-wearing enthusiasts,called tongpao(同袍同袍).先行词是先行词是visitors,因前面有介词因前面有介词,只能用只能用whom,不能填不能填that或或who。who/th

43、atwhom27.(2018湖北武汉湖北武汉)It was once the greatest network of trade routes on earth,along _ precious goods,such as silk and gold,as well as new ideas were transported.先行词是先行词是network,因前面有介词因前面有介词,故不能填故不能填that。28.(2018甘肃张掖甘肃张掖)I believe,this is an important reason _ Im able to make progress in learning

44、English.在在reason后用后用why引导的定语从句，表示引导的定语从句，表示“的的原因原因”。whichwhy29.(2018安徽蚌埠安徽蚌埠)My plan was to ask the ticket person at the box office to give the extra ticket to someone _ came to buy a ticket for the same movie.先行词是指人的先行词是指人的someone，用，用who。30.(2018河北石家庄河北石家庄)Unlike in the west,_ everyone has their ow

45、n plate of food,in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares.先行词是表地点的先行词是表地点的in the west，在从句中作状语，在从句中作状语，用用where。whowhere二、短文改错二、短文改错 1.(2018云南保山云南保山)Nearly five hundred students went to the festival,most of which brought books from home and exchanged them with other students.先行词

46、是先行词是students，介词后只能用，介词后只能用whom。whom2.(2018陕西榆林陕西榆林)My mother is sixty-five years old,that devotes herself to the whole family and us three daughters.非限制性定语从句，先行词指人只能用非限制性定语从句，先行词指人只能用who。who3.(2018陕西渭南陕西渭南)So far she has created many programs.And one of which received an award at her provinces scie

47、nce fair.这是简单句这是简单句,因此不能用关系代词。比较因此不能用关系代词。比较:So far she had created many programs,one of which received an awardthem4.(2018山东烟台山东烟台)Second,it is well known for its positive academic atmosphere,there students work hard to meet new challenges.用用where引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。5.(2018辽宁沈阳辽宁沈阳)The first thin

48、g coming to my mind is to get a driving license,what I think is a must for most high school students in China.因为因为what不能引导非限制性定语从句，句中不能引导非限制性定语从句，句中I think是插入语。是插入语。whichwhere6.(2018湖北黄冈湖北黄冈)However,dancers play loud music and occupy lots of public places,where makes many people annoyed.非限制性定语从句，先行词

49、是前面的整个句非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，要用子，要用which。which7.(2018湖北重校湖北重校)Id like to express my gratitude to my teachers and parents,with those help Ive grown up,benefited a lot and made great progress in every way.由逗号可知这里是定语从句由逗号可知这里是定语从句,with whose help=and with their help。whose8.(2018河北石家庄河北石家庄)Im also sendin

50、g you a few records of our daily conversations,from that you can hear real American English.先行词是先行词是a few records,直接在介词后直接在介词后,用用which。9.(2018河北承德河北承德)What we can see,smoking does more harm than good and students should not pick up the habit.能置于句首的，只能是能置于句首的，只能是As引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。whichAs10.(2018河北邯郸河