Unit 5 The value of money Discovering Useful Structures （ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第三册.pptx

1、Unit 5 The Value of MoneyDiscovering Useful Structures P54 情态动词有一定的意义情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种，表示或暗示某种情绪情绪或或态度态度，表，表示示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。大多数情态等。大多数情态动词有多个意义。动词有多个意义。情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化。，即不随主语的不同而变化。情态动词不能独立使用，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语动词。情态动词不能独立使用，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语动词。情态动词的特点情态动词的特点A.n

2、ecessityB.possibilityC.obligation D.request E.advice F.intention三、情态动词的功能三、情态动词的功能需要需要可能或推测可能或推测职责职责/义务义务请求请求建议建议意图和愿望意图和愿望ExampleNecessity Possibilities Obligation RequestAdviceIntentionThings can be better.You must do it at once.Would you please pass me the salt?You neednt have stayed.You ought to

3、 help him.I would rather do it myself.You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hiddenIt may seem lucky to you.Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because May we ask what youre doing in this country?You should/ought to/had better go to class right awa

4、y.What would you do if you were in her situation?necessity 表必表必要性要性possibility 表表可可能和推测能和推测obligation 表义务性表义务性request 表请求表请求advice 表建议表建议intention 表意图和愿望表意图和愿望A.necessity B.possibility C.obligation D.request E.advice F.intentionModal verbspossibilitynecessityobligationrequestadviceintentioncan(could

5、更委婉)may(might更委婉)needhave to(主观）/must（客观）must/ought towouldmayshould/ought tohad betterwouldmustcan表表“应该应该”的的should,ought to,had better 分别应该怎么用？分别应该怎么用？ought to表示“应该做某事”，可以代替should，注意不要遗漏to，其否定形式是ought not to。在疑问句中，不用ought to，用should。ought to have done表示“本应该做某事却没做”。ought not to have done表示“本不应该做某事却做

6、了”。had better常用缩写形式 d better，表示“最好做某事，否则可能有不好的后果”。had better的否定形式为had better not。had better只用来表示某一具体的情况，不用来泛指，而should可用于表示提出看法或建议的所有情况。比较以下两个句子：You should finish everything today.Youd better finish everything today.建议警告，威胁Can&could请求、许可 推测能力May&might请求、许可 推测祝愿（may）Will&would请求推测意愿、决心习惯性动作must推测必要性偏偏

7、、偏要Should推测责任、建议竟然shall请求法规、规章制度允诺、警告、决心Summarymust would should could might cant100%80%60-70%55%40%0%情态动词+have done:对过去的猜测 could have done 本可以做但实际上没有本可以做但实际上没有不可能做某事不可能做某事1.You _(have)a better grade if you made full preparation for the exam.2.I saw him just now,so he _ _(go)abroad.could have had co

8、uldnt have gone couldnt have donecan/could 表能力，表能力，can表示表示现在的现在的能力，能力，could表示表示过去的过去的能力。能力。Eg：I can read this chinese article.She could play the piano at the age of five.should have done 本该做某事（而实际上未做）本该做某事（而实际上未做）shouldnt have done 本不该做某事（而实际上做了）本不该做某事（而实际上做了）你本该寻求帮助的。You should have asked for some

9、help.你本不该告诉她这个消息的。You shouldnt have told her the news.must have done 一定做了一定做了cant have done 肯定没做肯定没做I didnt hear the phone.I _(我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。)must have been asleep She _,for her bike is still here.(她肯定没离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这里。她肯定没离开学校，因为她的自行车还在这里。)cant have left school must:推测现在或正发生的事

10、情推测现在或正发生的事情：must be doing他现在肯定呆在那里。他现在肯定呆在那里。He must be staying there.must表示表示猜测猜测。意为。意为“想必想必,准是准是,一定一定”,只用于肯定句。只用于肯定句。*The book must be the one you want.这本书一定是你要的那本。这本书一定是你要的那本。must还可表示还可表示“偏要偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。*Why must it rain on Sunday？为什么偏要在星期天下雨？为什么偏要在星期天下雨？must用于一般疑问句中用于一般疑问句中

11、,肯定肯定:must 否定否定:neednt/dont have to（不必）（不必），mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允许禁止，不允许”Must I finish all assignments at a time?Yes,you_.No,you _.mustneednt/dont have todare/need1.作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件从作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件从 句中，一般不用在肯定句中。句中，一般不用在肯定句中。你怎么敢说我不公平？你怎么敢说我不公平？How dare you say Im unfair?你不必这么早过来？你不必这么早过来？You

12、neednt come so early.他不敢回答问题。他不敢回答问题。He doesnt dare(to)answer.你不需要自己动手。你不需要自己动手。You didnt need to do it yourself.2.dare和和need作作实义动词实义动词时，时，其否定和疑问的构成需其否定和疑问的构成需 借助借助do/did/does，need后面接带后面接带to的不定式，而在的不定式，而在 疑问句和否定句中，疑问句和否定句中，dare后可省去后可省去to。有时态、人有时态、人 称和数的变化称和数的变化。Read the passage and fill in the blank

13、s with suitable modal verbs in the box.may must can ought to might had better would shouldIn the film The Million Pound Bank Note,Henry Adams is stuck in a foreign country without money and friends,and with nowhere to stay.While this situation _ seem unusual,it can sometimes happen to travellers.In

14、case it happens to you on a trip abroad,what _ you do?First,and most importantly,you _stay calm.Fear _ cause you to become confused.You need to think clearly.mayshouldmustcanRead the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable modal verbs in the box.may must can ought to might had better would shou

15、ld Second,you should go to your nearest consulate.They _ be able to help to some extent.Third,you _ do well to check with some local charities.They _offer help to travellers in need.Fourth,you _avoid getting into trouble.You _ think that stealing some money or food would help you,but you should not

16、do so.Getting caught _ ruin your life.ought towouldmighthad bettermightwouldII.The past future tense 过去将来时过去将来时一、定义过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。可包括过去的预测，过去的承诺，过去的决定以及过去的习惯。二、结构1.would+动词原形A.Past predictions B.Past promises C.Past decisions D.Past habitsABCD2.was/were going to+动词原形She told me she

17、was going to post the parcel.*与would+动词原形相比，was/were going to+动词原 形有打算、计划的含义。3.was/were about to do表示说话的瞬间将要发生的动作。We were about to go there when it begin to rain.Complete the following sentences that describe the future using either form of the given verbs.1.Philip bought two tickets for The Phantom

18、 of the Opera.He _ _(watch)with his girlfriend on the weekend.2.I was so surprised at the news that David _ (play)the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.3.Lily decided that she _(settle)in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.4.Hey,Timmy.I _(call)you.Bu

19、t now that you are here,I dont have to.5.The competition was so close that no one was sure who _ (win)the Best Actor award6.Jim is not here right now.He said he _(be)on duty at the library this afternoon.would watch/was going to watchwould play/was going to play would settle/was going to settlewas g

20、oing to callwould winwould be/was going to be一、一般现在时一、一般现在时1.概念：概念：表示现阶段经常发生的动作或现在的某种状况，也表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。主语是第一，二人称时，谓语动词要用原形，主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。2.常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标志：always,often,sometimes,usually,every day,on Sundays,once a day/week/month等。例如：I do some exercise every day.我每天做一些锻炼。She knows Frenc

21、h and German besides English.除英语外，她还懂法语和德语。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。do,does二、一般将来时二、一般将来时 1.概念：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.常见时间状语标志：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next day/week/month/year,this week/month/year,soon,in+时间状语(如in one hour/in a few minutes等)，in the future,in future等。例如：Ill

22、take you there tomorrow.我明天带你去那儿。Next month we will have our school open day.下个月我们将迎来学校开放日。The Talent Show is coming in two weeks time.新秀选拔演出还有两周时间就要到了。will do;be going to dobe to do;be about to do三、一般过去时三、一般过去时 1.概念：表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。谓语动词要用过去时。2.常见时间状语标志：yesterday,the day before

23、 yesterday,last night/week/month,时间词+ago(如three days ago),in/on+过去的时间词(如in 2010),just now,at that time,in those days,one day,once upon a time等。例如：Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike.两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车。Last year,however,nearly twenty billion tons of rice was produced.然而，去年的稻谷产量接近200亿吨。

24、did四、现在进行时四、现在进行时 1.概念：表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。2.常见时间状语标志：now,at this time,at this moment,at present等。例如：Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.现在她正在为旅行制定时间表。Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.当今在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。注意：不用进行时的动词：表示感官

25、的动词：如see(看见)，hear(听见)，feel(感觉出)，taste(尝出)，smell(闻到)，notice(注意到)，observe(观察到)等。表示某种情感或精神状态的动词：如believe,doubt,feel(=have an opinion),hate,image,know,(dis)like,love,prefer,realize,appreciate,recognize,remember,see(=understand),suppose,think(=have an opinion),understand,want,wish等。一些用于交际和应答的动词：如agree,ap

26、pear,astonish,deny,disagree,impress,look(=seem),mean,please,promise,satisfy,seem,surprise等。表示所属、类似、构成等关系的动词和系动词，如：be,belong,concern,consist,contain,depend,deserve,fit,include,involve,lack,matter,measure(=have length etc.),need,owe,own,possess,weigh(=have weight)。am/is/are doing五、过去进行时五、过去进行时 1.概念：表示

27、过去某时刻正在进行的动作，或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。2.常见时间状语标志：(just)then,at that time,yesterday afternoon,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from 9 to 10 last evening/night,those days等。例如：May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday?请问你昨天到我的餐馆里来干什么？It was a cold day and his jacket was

28、 lying on the back of a chair.天很冷，他的夹克衫搭在椅背上。3.过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，强调动作的连续性；而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。was/were doing六、现在完成时六、现在完成时 1.概念：1)表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在。常见时间状语标志：already,yet,just,ever,recently,so far,up to/till now等。2)表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。常见时间状语标志：for+时间段,since+时间点/过去时从句,ever s

29、ince等。3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历。常见时间状语标志：twice,ever,never,three times,before等。2.基本结构：have/has+动词的过去分词。3.注意：非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这些动词有：come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。如：arrive,come be here,be in。buy have 。begin,start be on has/have do

30、ne七、过去完成时七、过去完成时 1.概念：表示以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.常见时间状语标志：before,by the end of last term/week/month/year 等。例如：Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.当他到达晚会现场时，大多数客人已经离开了。By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000.截止到20世纪90年代，(藏羚羊的)数量下降到了大约5万只。Before he volunteered to direct the traffic,Timoteo had had lots of jobs.铁穆特欧在志愿指挥交通之前做过很多工作。had done