有机化学第2章有机化合物命名-课件.ppt

1、CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CHCH3 CH2CH(CH3)2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3C(CH3)3CHCH3CH2=CHCH2CH3CH3CCH3CH3CH3CH3CCH3CH2OHCH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH3CH(CH3)2CHCH2CH3(CH3)2CHCH2OHCH3CH3CCH3CH3CH2CHCH3CCH3CH3CH3NH3RNH2 R2NH R3N R4NXCH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CHCH3CH3CH3CH3CCH3CH3COOH，SO3H，COOR，COX，CONH2，CN，CHO，C=O，OH（醇），

2、（醇），OH（酚），（酚），SH，NH2，OR，CC，C=C，R，X，NO2CH3CHCH2CH2CHCH2CH3CH3CH37 6 5 4 3 2 1位次：3和61 2 3 4 5 6 7位次：2和5IBrClFOHNH2CH3H(指孤对电子)；DH CH2CH3CH3(C,H,HH,H,H)CHClO CH3CCH3(Cl,O,HCl,C,C)CH3Cl ：CCHCHCH2CHCH2CH2CCCHCHCCHCCCCC相当于相当于相当于相当于H3CCH2CH3CH2CH2CH3C2H5BrCH3 CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH3CH36 5 4 3 2 1 CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH3

3、CH3CHCHCH3CH3CH3CH3CHCH2CH2CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CH32,6,8-三甲基癸烷三甲基癸烷如处于对称位置，优先考虑较简单的取代基。如处于对称位置，优先考虑较简单的取代基。CH3CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH3CH3CH2CH33-甲基甲基-5-乙基庚烷乙基庚烷 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7CH3CHCH2CHCHCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CHCH2CH3CH3CCH2CH3CH3CH31 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9CH3CH2CHCH3CH3CHCH2CH3C

4、H3CHCH2CHCH2CHCH3CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH31 2 3 4 57 8 961 2 3 4 5 6CH3CH=CHCH2CHCH3CH3CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH3CH=CH2CH3CCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2C3 4 5 62 1CHCH3CH2C=CHCH2CCH3CCHCH=CH2CHCH37 6 5 4 3 2 1CCH3HCCH3HCCH3HCCH3HCCH3HCCH3CH2CH3CCH3HCC2H5CH3CCH3CCH3CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3CCHHHCCCH3HCH CC=CCH=CH2CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3C C

5、C=CHCH2CH3CH=CH26 5 4 3 2 11 2 3 4 5 6 7练习：练习：选主链选主链选择连不饱和键最多的最长碳链作主链。选择连不饱和键最多的最长碳链作主链。CH2=CHCH3CH=CHCH2=CHCH2CH2=CCH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CCH2CH3CH3CHCH3CH2CH3CH3CH3HCCCCCHCH3C2H5ClCHHCH3HCCCCCHCH3C2H5ClCHHCCC2H5HCCCHC3H7CH2CH3CHCH2CHCH2CH2CH2CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3CH2CH34-乙基-3-丙基-1,3-己二烯-6-炔CCC2H5HCCCHC3H7CH2HC

6、HCCCHH2CCHCHCH3HCHCCCHH2CH2CCHCH2CH3CCCHHCH2CCHCH2CH3CCH2CH2CCHCHCH3CH3CCH2CHCCHH2CCH3CH3CH2CH33 2 14 5 6 CH3CH3CH3CH3HHCH3CH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH212345678CH3 1 10 9 2 5 83 4 6 7 CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2432165CH3CH3CHCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CHCH3CH2CH2CHCCH3CH3CH3CH2CH

7、CHCH3CH3CH3CH3CH2CHCHCH3CH2CH3123456781091234567891012345678910 CH3CHCH2CHCH2CH3CH3BrCH3CHCH2CHCH3ClCH3CH2=CCH2CH2CH2ClCH2CH3CH3ClCH2CH2CHCH3ClBrH3C环烃的分类和特点环烃的分类和特点环烃环烃脂环脂环芳环芳环单环单环多环多环单环单环多环多环联苯芳烃联苯芳烃多苯带脂烃多苯带脂烃稠环芳烃稠环芳烃螺环螺环桥环桥环CH2命名下列化合物命名下列化合物C2H5CH3CH2CH2CHCHCH3CH3CH3CH2CH2C=CCH3CH3CH3OH CH3CHCH2CH

8、CH2CCH2CH3CH3CH2CH3CH3OHCH3CH2CH2CHCH2CHCHCH3CH=CH2CH3OH8 7 6 5 4 3 2 15 4 3 2 16 7CH2CHCH2OH OHOHCH2CH2CH2OHOHCH2CH2OHOHCH2OHCCH2OHCH2OHHOCH2CH2OHCHCH3OHCHCHCH2OHH3CCCH3CH3OHOHOHOHOHCH3OHOHOHOHHOOHNO2OHCOOHC H3O C H2C H3CH3OCH3CH3CH2OCH=CH2OCH3CH3CH2OCH2CH3OCH3CH2CHCHOCH3CH3CH3CH2=CHCH2OCH2CH2OOCH2

9、CH2CH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CHOOOOOOOCH3CHCH2CHOCH3CHCHCHOCH3CHCH2CCH3CH3OCH3CH=CHCHCH2CCH3CH3OOHCCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CHOCH2CCCH2CCH3CH2CH2CH3OOOBrBrCH3CHCCHCH3OOOO或OOOOCH3OOOOCH3CHCHCOOHCH3CH3CH2CHCOOHCHCH2CH2CH3CH2CH2COOHCHCHCOOHH2CH2CH2CCOHOH3C 4 3 2 1CH3COOHCOOHCH3COOHHCCOOHHCCOOHCOOHCOOHCH3COClCOClCNH2OC

10、H3CNHCH3HCN(CH3)2OOCH3CH2CH2CHCONH2CH3CH3COCCH3OOCCOOOCH3COCH2CH3OCH2OOCCH3CH2OOCCH3CH3NO2CH3CHCH3NO2CH2NH2NH2NCH3CH2CH3ClCH3NH2(CH3CH2)2NHCH3NHCH2CH3H2NCH2(CH2)4CH2NH2H2NNH2CH3CHCH2CHCH2CH3CH3NH2OHCH2 NCH3CH3CH3-+BrC12H25CH2(CH3)2N-+NNNHNNCl+-NNNNOHCH3N=NCH3OSNNHNNNNHOC2H5CH3NCH3OO2NCHOCH3BrCH3NNCH3SN氯胺酮氯胺酮(俗称俗称K粉粉)