PETS三级写作专题课件.ppt

1、中山火炬职业技术学院英语培训中山火炬职业技术学院英语培训By Li bona考点：考点：1.命题化作文命题化作文2.图表作文图表作文3.信件作文信件作文 任考两种，进行组合，必然有信件题。任考两种，进行组合，必然有信件题。命题化作文命题化作文 正反观点对比题目 现象作文 正反观点对比题目模版 第一段一般只写三句。第一句：It is widely believed by many people for some time that.第二句：One reason they think is that.第三句：The other reason they hold is that.第二段一般只写三句。

2、第一句：While others argue that.第二句：They maintain that.第三句：They also claim that.meaningful 正反观点对比题目模版 第三段写四句。第一句：From what has been discussed above,we may come to the conclusion that.As a mother,it is easy in modern sociey.第二句：On the one hand,.第三句：On the other hand,.第四句：Only in this way can we.现象作文模版第一段

3、只写两句：第一句：In recent years,there has been第二句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.第二段只写四句：第一句：What has caused this problem?It seems to me that there are reasons.第二句：Firstly,as we see,more and more people own private cars,so car emission is the main cause of air pollution.第

4、三句：Secondly,it is a pity that.,cause water pollution.第四句：Finally,dont realize how it is important to protect our environment.第三段只写四句：第一句：How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.第二句：For one thing,第三句：For another,government should take action/measures to prevent pollution 第四句

5、：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem.Part I 定义定义：应用、实用、简易写作 考点考点：基础语言+规范格式+信息点+语言点 理论：格式理论：格式 正式文体，非正式文体正式文体，非正式文体 数据：数据：100（30）字、）字、8句话、句话、3段式；段式；15-20分钟、分钟、10分题分题 类型：类型：邀请信、祝贺信、感谢信、推荐信、介绍信、邀请信、祝贺信、感谢信、推荐信、介绍信、申请信、求职信、询问信、投诉信、私人信函、申请信、求职信、询问信、投诉信、私人信函、通通 知、便签及便条等知、便签及便条等1.悉格式2.练模

6、版3.背句式4.塑亮点 参考范文 ：邀请信邀请信：Im pleased to invite you to attend Its my pleasure/a great honor to We are looking forward to seeing you.We sincerely hope you could come.I hope you wont decline my invitation.祝贺信祝贺信：Im delighted to hear that you Congratulations on your Accept my heartiest congratulations on

7、 Best wishes for continued progress and success.We are all proud of you!感谢信感谢信 常用句型常用句型：I am grateful to you for I can never thank you enough.It was really kind and generous of you.Many thanks for your kindness and hospitality.Again,I would like to express our warm thanks to you.Please accept my sin

8、cere appreciation for ：I would like to apply for admission to your college.I hope you will kindly send me an application form.I would greatly appreciate receiving copies of the required application forms and instructions.常用句型常用句型：I wish to apply for the position of which you advertised in.I have bee

9、n working in since my graduation,and have therefore attained a fair knowledge and experience in this field.Hoping that my qualifications will meet your favorable consideration.Looking forward to your reply.I would be grateful if I have an opportunity to talk with you.Directions:(15 minutes)You want

10、to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Write a letter to the department concerned,asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter with about 100 words.Write

11、 it on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter;use Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.(10 points)To whom it may concern,I am writing to ask you whether you could help me find a child in a remote area to whom I will offer my financial aid.It would be most helpf

12、ul if the recipient of my financial assistance is a primary school girl living in the western region of my country.Girls inpoor regions are often forced to drop school because of poverty,and I hope one of them can have the chance to finish schooling with my help.The candidate should be a girl at the

13、 age of 8-10 and her previous scorereports should prove her potential to be an outstanding student in thefuture.I would like to give the girl my financial support annually until shegraduates from college.The money will cover her tuition fee and otherexpenses at school.Besides,I will correspond with

14、her frequently so thatshe can seek advice whenever she needs.I really appreciate your help and look forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li MingDirections:(15 minutes)Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs&fashions.But now you find that the work is not what you expected.

15、You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss,Mr.Wang,telling him your decision stating your reason(s),and making an apology.Write your letter with about 100 words.Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter;use Li Ming instead.You do not need to write the address.(10

16、points)Dear Mr.Wang,I would like to inform you that I will be resigning as theeditor of Designs&Fashions.I have been employed fromNovember,2004.I plan to leave on Jan.31,2005.Thank you very much for having given me this opportunityto be an editor of such a respected magazine.However,I findthat the w

17、orking style in the fashion circle is totally differentfrom what I have experienced before,and I find it verychallenging to communicate with those fashion designers and people in the fashion circle.Besides,working overtimefrequently makes it impossible to keep myself healthy andenergetic,which I bel

18、ieve is not beneficial to the magazine.Please accept my apology for any inconvenience caused bymy resignation.Yours faithfully,Li Ming真题演练真题演练（2006年年3月）小作文：月）小作文：新搬来的邻居日日夜夜装新搬来的邻居日日夜夜装修，写一封修，写一封投诉信投诉信。真题演练真题演练（2006年年9月）小作文：月）小作文：你的朋友获得了博士学位，你的朋友获得了博士学位，写写信祝贺他信祝贺他，并告诉他你下周要，并告诉他你下周要去纽约出差，到时可以去看他。去纽约出差

19、，到时可以去看他。真题演练真题演练（2007年年9月）小作文：月）小作文：你在旅游途中感冒了，幸亏导你在旅游途中感冒了，幸亏导游照顾你，你写信给旅行社领游照顾你，你写信给旅行社领导表示感谢。导表示感谢。真题演练真题演练（2007年年3月）月）小作文：小作文：写信给公司各部门，写信给公司各部门，通知通知下周下周举行圣诞晚会，请同事准时到举行圣诞晚会，请同事准时到场。场。：1.理解力理解力+2.语言组织力语言组织力+3.信息点信息点+4.语言点语言点：120（40）字、12句话、4段式20-25分钟、20分题：1.提纲；2.图画+提纲；3.图表+提纲 认真审题认真审题 列出提纲列出提纲 快速写作快

20、速写作 增添亮点增添亮点 修改誊正修改誊正 图画式作文图画式作文 之 反映现实，表赞成型反映现实，表赞成型：Part 1As is shown in the picture,No one can deny thatTo take for example Part 2There are several causes forFirstSecondFinally(2 paragraphs)Part 3Thus,these are the reasons why we must图画式作文图画式作文 之 揭露现实，表反驳型揭露现实，表反驳型：Part 1It can be seen from the c

21、artoon/picture thatNowadays there is much discussion as to the phenomenon thatThis is indeed a problem that we should not neglect any more.Part 2There are many reasons for the problem.In the first placeSecondlyWhat is more(2 paragraphs)Part 3From what has been discussed above,we may see that it is t

22、ime for us to take measures toThe first step is And thenFinally或者或者 To summarizehas already caused public attention.And we should take effective measures suggested above to3-part Writing Opening paragraph Body paragraphs Concluding paragraphOpening Paragraph An opening sentence Thesis statementBody

23、paragraphs Par.1A.topic sentenceB.supporting sentences 1,2,3,etc.C.concluding sentence Par.2 A.topic sentenceB.supporting sentences 1,2,3,etc.C.concluding sentence Par.3 Concluding paragraph Restatement sentences Appropriate commentsAccording to Chinese culture,the most successful writing is just li

24、ke-A phoenixs headA pigs stomach A leopards tail 对某一现象，自我表态型对某一现象，自我表态型 Part 1 As can be seen in the picture Part 2Different people,however,have different opinions on this matter.Some think that Others argue thatThere is no doubt thatFor exampleAs a consequence,Part 3As far as I am concerned,I suppo

25、rt the view thatbecause.So my conclusion is that is shown in the table/picture,dropped from in 1994 to in 1996.rise,increase,reduce According to the figures given in the table,has greatly increased/decreased in the past years/decades,reachingin 1996.From the table we can also see that there has been

26、 a sharp decline/rise inIts clear that are at least two reasons forOn the one hand,Lets have an example to illustrate the great increase in On the other hand,is due to the fact In addition,is responsible for Maybe there are some other reasons to show But it is generally believed that the mentioned r

27、easons are commonly acceptable.far as I am concerned,I trust that So my conclusion is that I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.1.书写差，无美感，看不清，无法读下去；书写差，无美感，看不清，无法读下去；2.不通顺，不通顺，“三无三无”：无段落、无结构、无明显：无段落、无结构、无明显主题；主题；3.笑料多，出现很多基本语法错误，拼写错误；笑料多，出现很多基本语法错误，拼写错误；4.不达意，词汇量很小词不达意，缺乏表达能不达意，词汇量很小

28、词不达意，缺乏表达能力；力；5.乱堆砌，不像一篇文章，仅是把一些不连贯乱堆砌，不像一篇文章，仅是把一些不连贯的词语拼凑到一起的词语拼凑到一起;A hero is nothing but a product of his time.时势造英雄。写作要求精练，因为，简洁的表达能起到更加强调的作用。我们要写出效果好、影响大的文章，就要想方设法1）避免使用空洞、多余的短语；2）避免过多地使用较长的句子结构，如并列句和从属句等；3）避免不必要的重复。请看下面各例：1）Owing to the fact that I had a lot of work to do,it wasnt possible fo

29、r me to accept their invitation.本句要表达的意思很简单，可是一堆空洞的短语使句子显得很累赘，改为下面的句子就简洁明了多了。I was too busy to accept their invitation.2)He is a man who is honest,who always pays his just debts,and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others.英语中比较重要的从属概念可用从句的形式表达，其它次要的概念常用词或短语来表达，因为句子比短语显得更重要。过多地使用从句会

30、把次要的与主要的概念混为一谈，削弱句子的重点。该句可改为：He is an honest man who always pays his just debts,and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others.3)My hometown is a quiet,peaceful place.It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people living there.有时为了构成平行的句子结构或达到强调的目的，我们会重复使用某些词语。但是，无目的地重

31、复会导致笨拙。所以本句可改为：My hometown is a quiet,peaceful place because of the small number of people.写作时要吸引读者的兴趣，句子就需生动、充满活力。平淡无味的句子会使人生厌，注意力分散。但要写出生动的句子就必须注意做到：1.交错使用长短句交错使用长短句 长句和短句各有各的特点，各有各的用场。长句结构复杂、容量大，能表达比较复杂的内容，叙事具体、说理严密。短句结构简单、短小精悍、明白易懂。在写作中应当交错使用长句和短句，使句子的长短多样化，增加语言的表现力。请看下面的一段话：I returned to my roo

32、m.There was a note under my door.It was from Bob.He said he was in the town looking for a job.He hadnt found anything yet.He added that he was sorry to have missed me.这里出现的是一连串的短句，读起来使人感到单调乏味，而且各句之间所固有的逻辑关系没能用句法手段表达出来。为了使文字更为生动，意义更加明确，可做如下改动：When I returned to my room,I found a note from Bob under t

33、he door.He said he was in the town looking for a job,but hadnt found anything yet.He added that he was sorry to have missed me.(2)既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式,例如:例1：I shall go there unless it rains.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.例2：Their daily lives dont provide them with the exercise needed to

34、keep them healthy.Their daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.2.灵活使用多样句式灵活使用多样句式 要达到语言的生动性，写作时就要经常地变换句型和句子结构及表达思想的方式。切忌所有的句子都用相同的句型或句子结构，使文章读起来单调乏味。在考虑英语句式的变化时,我们一般从以下几个方面入手:(1)既可以用主动式也可以用被动式,例如:例1：Today,we use machines not only in industry but in other secto

35、rs of national economy as well.Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.例例2：Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.It is believed by some people that it will be possible for a

36、utomatic machines to be replaced completely in the future.(3)某些修饰成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用某些修饰成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面在后面,还可以用在中间还可以用在中间,例如例如:例例1：With a car,people can get around freely.People can get around freely with a car.例例2：In fact,speaking is one of the most important means of communication.Speaking is in fa

37、ct one of the most important means of communication.(4)既可以是正常语序也可以是倒装语序既可以是正常语序也可以是倒装语序,例如:例1：A new type of TV set was among the products on display.Among the products on display was a new type of TV set.例2：We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century.Not until the e

38、nd of last century did we realize the problem of energy crisis.(5)既可以用简单句也可以用并列句或者主从复既可以用简单句也可以用并列句或者主从复合句合句,例如:例1：Nowadays a lot of people work in office,spending most of their time indoors.Nowadays a lot of people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors.例2：There are many means of

39、getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.There are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.3.善用形象化语言善用形象化语言 适当地使用一些修辞手法如比喻、夸张、排比、拟人等能更形象、更深刻地说明事理，增加文章的活力。例如：In the morning the dust hung like fog,and t

40、he sun was as red as ripe new blood.(明喻)His daughter is the apple of his eyes.(暗喻)An idea spoke within him,racing through his mind.(拟人)His voice was loud enough to wake the dead.(夸张)Many of us allow our children to eat junk,watch junk,listen to junk,talk junk,play with junk,and then we are surprised

41、 when they turn out to be social junkies.(排比)4.恰当使用英语习语恰当使用英语习语 写作时适当地使用习语、成语等也是使语言生动活泼的好办法。如：Once a man is dead,there is no helping;you cant rekindle the spark of life in him.本句中的there is no helping是汉语式的英语，不符合英语的习惯说法。这里虽然用了比喻，但更改了原来的主语，句子显得罗嗦、笨拙。如果改成下面的习惯表达，句子变得既简洁又生动。Once a man is dead,he cant be

42、brought back to life.再如The committee refused to listen to our request.如果被改成 The committee turned a deaf ear to our request.句子生动，增加了文采。句式多样化是英语作文取得高分的灵丹句式多样化是英语作文取得高分的灵丹妙药，请你一定要勤学苦练，掌握这一妙药，请你一定要勤学苦练，掌握这一招。另外，在使用一些修辞方法和英语招。另外，在使用一些修辞方法和英语习语的时候，要注意尽量避免老套的比习语的时候，要注意尽量避免老套的比喻或尽人皆知的习语。喻或尽人皆知的习语。With the e

43、conomic globalization becoming increasingly intensive，invention or innovation has become one of central topic around the world.Many countries see it as the key to develop their economy.Our government，with no exception，regard it as“the soul of our nation.”What，however，can we benefit from it？First of

44、all，invention or innovation can enhance overall national economy，which is important to heighten our nation status in the world.Additionally，if factories have the abilities in invention，the factories will be booming.As a result，they can provide our people with more jobs and it will make our nation mo

45、re stable.What is more，a majority of new products may be available through invention.Therefore，it is also significant factor for improving our living standards.Owing to such benefits，no wonder more and more countries focus on invention today.Recognizing its importance is only the fist step to advoca

46、te invention or innovation，and some effective measures should be taken for it.For one thing，our authority should continue to enlarge the recruit of graduate.For another，the conditions of scientists and skilled workers should be further improved.Only in this way，can“the soul of our nation”be fully em

47、bodied and our nation have a brighter future.From this cartoon，we can see that at the top end of the river，is a chemical factory and a paper making factory which send out and poisonous wastes.And the river has been seriously polluted，which can be seen from the color of it.Along this“black”river，ther

48、e are a few people selling fresh water which must have been taken from far away places.At the first glance，it is very strange to us how can people sell water along the river，but this is the case，because the water in this river is undrinkable.This presents a serious social problemenvironmental pollut

49、ion.With the development of economy，our living standards have been greatly improved.But we can t ignore the fact the air we take in and the water we drink today are not as fresh and clean as they used to be.Some kinds of pollution can even be deadly to people.It is high time that we took some measur

50、es to solve the problem.I think we can first call peoples attention to this problem so that they will be aware of the serious consequences of it.Then，we can pass certain laws to restrain the factories from sending out wastes.Finally，we can do more research work to find out ways to deal with the wast