《写作训练》课件.ppt

1、文府中学：王文府中学：王 宏宏 1.写作话题面窄：课内话题；写作话题面窄：课内话题；2.写作时间少：写作时间少：无专门写作课；无专门写作课；3.写作形式单一：写作形式单一：缺少学法指导；缺少学法指导；依据：依据：1 学情：基础较弱；学情：基础较弱；2 距离中考的时间紧迫：距离中考的时间紧迫：120多天；多天；3 中考写作命题特点和评分标准：中考写作命题特点和评分标准：不押题；采意不采点。不押题；采意不采点。措施：措施：每周一节专门写作课，时间为每周一节专门写作课，时间为90分钟，分钟，精讲、精练、详批、详改、详评。精讲、精练、详批、详改、详评。侧重点：侧重点：1 审题，确定文体；审题，确定文体

2、；（议论文，记叙文，说明文）（议论文，记叙文，说明文）2 写作模式，不同文体要有不同的开头、写作模式，不同文体要有不同的开头、主体段和结尾；主体段和结尾；3 写作方法，如比喻、排比等，适当增强写作方法，如比喻、排比等，适当增强 文章的可读性。文章的可读性。香坊区一模或市模前分香坊区一模或市模前分5课时进行：课时进行：第一课时：解读中考有关写作的内容；第一课时：解读中考有关写作的内容；议论文指导与训练议论文指导与训练第二课时：议论文作文讲评；第二课时：议论文作文讲评；记叙文指导与训练记叙文指导与训练第三课时：记叙文作文讲评；第三课时：记叙文作文讲评；说明文指导与训练说明文指导与训练第四课时：说明

3、文作文讲评；第四课时：说明文作文讲评；应用文指导与训练一应用文指导与训练一第五课时：应用文指导与训练二第五课时：应用文指导与训练二香坊区一模或市模后：限时写作训练：香坊区一模或市模后：限时写作训练：1 列写作提纲；列写作提纲；2 同一话题不同文体；同一话题不同文体；3 不同文体的开头、结尾及主体段等。不同文体的开头、结尾及主体段等。一等文：一等文：1215分分 文章结构严谨；叙事完文章结构严谨；叙事完整；语言丰富优美；语法准确；可读性强。整；语言丰富优美；语法准确；可读性强。补充：立意准确，积极向上。补充：立意准确，积极向上。二等文：二等文：9 11分分 文章结构合理，但叙事文章结构合理，但叙

4、事不够完整；能用完整的句式，语言比较流畅；不够完整；能用完整的句式，语言比较流畅；有些语法错误，但不影响意思表达；有些语法错误，但不影响意思表达；可读性较好。可读性较好。补充：内容过于平淡。尤其是记叙文，补充：内容过于平淡。尤其是记叙文，要选取新鲜的事例。要选取新鲜的事例。三等文：三等文：6 8分分 四等文：四等文：0 5分分可能出现的问题：可能出现的问题：1.文体（记叙文、议论文、说明文）不符，文体（记叙文、议论文、说明文）不符，降一个等次；降一个等次；2.书写潦草，以致影响交际扣书写潦草，以致影响交际扣1分；分；3.标题有误扣标题有误扣1分（体现文体和文章中心）。分（体现文体和文章中心）。

5、1.列纲：判定文体（记叙文、议论文、列纲：判定文体（记叙文、议论文、2.说明文），拟标题；说明文），拟标题；2.打草稿：打草稿：三段式三段式 第一段第一段 交待话题；交待话题；第二段第二段 展开记叙、议论和说明；展开记叙、议论和说明；第三段第三段 进行总结、提升和号召。进行总结、提升和号召。3.改草稿：添加适当的关联词或词组，如：改草稿：添加适当的关联词或词组，如：however,besides,bothand,as you know,as the saying goes,all in all,in one word,not onlybut also等。等。修改词汇，多使用所学过的词组和句式，

6、如：修改词汇，多使用所学过的词组和句式，如：so that,in order that,sothat,tooto,spend in doing 等，感叹句、反意疑问句、等，感叹句、反意疑问句、祈使句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。祈使句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。4.抄写：抄写：干净清晰。干净清晰。一、命题类型：一、命题类型：1.“一分为二一分为二”的观点。如：网上购物的观点。如：网上购物的的 利与弊。若结论是利大于弊，则有利利与弊。若结论是利大于弊，则有利 的方面多阐述一点。的方面多阐述一点。2.“二者选一二者选一”的观点。如：毕业班学生的观点。如：毕业班学生 应不应该参加课外活动。

7、应不应该参加课外活动。3.“我认为我认为”型。型。如：我对合作的看法。如：我对合作的看法。二、写作步骤：二、写作步骤：1.开端：开端：简洁明了地亮出观点。简洁明了地亮出观点。2.主体段：提出两个或两个以上的论据，主体段：提出两个或两个以上的论据，并对此用一两句话分别阐述。如：并对此用一两句话分别阐述。如：First,cooperation can improve our friendship.In the course of cooperation,we need to communicate.So we can make friends with others.3.结尾：重申观点，与开端呼应

8、。结尾：重申观点，与开端呼应。三、常用的衔接词和词组三、常用的衔接词和词组1.起：用于开端，引出扩展句。如起：用于开端，引出扩展句。如:firstly,at first,in the beginning,to start with,first of all,in the first place2.承：承接上文，引出下文。如：承：承接上文，引出下文。如：after that,a few days later,also,too,besides,furthermore,whats more,in other words,of course 三、常用的衔接词和词组三、常用的衔接词和词组3.转：表示不同

9、的或相反的意思。如：转：表示不同的或相反的意思。如：but,although,though,even though,however,unfortunately4.合：总结上文。如合：总结上文。如:above all,in a word,as a result,therefore,all in all,from what I have said 在当今社会中，在当今社会中，人们越来越能感受到合人们越来越能感受到合作的重要性。合作作的重要性。合作(cooperation)与竞争与竞争(competition)同样重要，是走向成功的必要同样重要，是走向成功的必要因素。合作精神无论在学习、工作、比赛甚

10、因素。合作精神无论在学习、工作、比赛甚至在比赛中都显得无比重要。那么你是如何至在比赛中都显得无比重要。那么你是如何看待看待合作合作这个问题的呢？这个问题的呢？见试卷见试卷 我们生活在一个团结互助的和谐我们生活在一个团结互助的和谐(harmonious)社会里，当我们国家面临社会里，当我们国家面临灾难和困难时，除了政府的努力外，还有灾难和困难时，除了政府的努力外，还有那么多志愿者们默默地伸出援助之手，他那么多志愿者们默默地伸出援助之手，他们无时不刻不在感动着整个社会。那么身为们无时不刻不在感动着整个社会。那么身为中学生我们中学生我们应不应该做志愿者呢应不应该做志愿者呢？请以此为？请以此为话题谈谈

11、你的感想。话题谈谈你的感想。范文见试卷范文见试卷 优点：优点：1.中心突出：能紧扣中心突出：能紧扣“志愿者志愿者”这一话题这一话题2.结构合理：开端、主题段、结尾结构合理：开端、主题段、结尾3.运用所给汉语材料运用所给汉语材料4.运用关联词、短语、感叹句、从句等运用关联词、短语、感叹句、从句等不足：不足：1.标题书写不规范：每个字母都大写标题书写不规范：每个字母都大写 VOLUNTEERS 2.写作思路有偏差：做志愿者的益处写作思路有偏差：做志愿者的益处错误：错误：Thank volunteers,volunteer work 不足：不足：3.论据：不充实、不恰当（地震奥运）、论据：不充实、不

12、恰当（地震奥运）、不深刻，说服力弱；不深刻，说服力弱；4.语法错误严重。语法错误严重。精彩开头：精彩开头：9.2 刘畅刘畅 In August,2008,there were many lovely people everywhere in Beijing.Who were they?They were volunteers.They became the most attractive scenery in Beijing.So lets be volunteers.精彩开头：精彩开头：9.5 吕游吕游 As the saying goes,“No one is an island.”Eve

13、ryone cant live well without others help.So I think we should be volunteers to help others.精彩论据精彩论据9.2李梦馨李梦馨 Whats more,to be a volunteer makes the world much more beautiful.When something terrible happens,those people will feel warm if they see volunteers work hard around them,then they may become

14、volunteers to help others.In this way,love will be passed one by one.精彩论据精彩论据9.2 郭瀚擎郭瀚擎 Second,you can feel more love around you.When you see people who are in trouble,you will feel you are lucky enough.And we ought to value the things that we have now!精彩论据精彩论据9.2 马云飞马云飞 Next,to be a volunteer can m

15、ake the society just like a big family.Theres a saying,“A friend indeed is a friend in need.”When volunteers help others,they may be friends.In this way,the whole society will be like a big family.Finally,volunteers can play an important role in big events.During the Olympic Games,volunteers gave th

16、e best service.Everyone was satisfied with them.They are also the pride of China.How important the volunteers are!Volunteers are the sun of the society.Volunteers are the power that can encourage people to keep going.精彩结尾：精彩结尾：9.5 冯佳冯佳精彩结尾：精彩结尾：9.2庞昆维庞昆维 There are many benefits of being volunteers,s

17、o lets try our best to be volunteers.If everyone can be a volunteer,our life will be filled with love and kindness.Well,dont you want to be a volunteer now?精彩文章：精彩文章：13分分 李航李航 12分分 陈宇菲、谭欣宇陈宇菲、谭欣宇 见试卷见试卷一、命题类型：一、命题类型：1.写人：如，介绍一位你心目中的英雄写人：如，介绍一位你心目中的英雄 围绕这个人物写一件事或几件事。围绕这个人物写一件事或几件事。2.写事：如，介绍一件自己成功的事写事

18、：如，介绍一件自己成功的事 以事件为中心组织材料。以事件为中心组织材料。二、写作注意事项：二、写作注意事项：1.写人：通过写人：通过典型、新鲜、感人典型、新鲜、感人的事例来的事例来 反应人物性格特点；反应人物性格特点；2.写事：写清写事：写清when,where,who,what,how/why.故事要完整，有条有故事要完整，有条有 理，有铺垫，有高潮；理，有铺垫，有高潮；3.时态：一般采用过去时。时态：一般采用过去时。经典写人记叙文开头：经典写人记叙文开头：MY MOTHER Who gives me a hand when Im in difficulty?Who can laugh wi

19、th me when Im happy?This person is my mother.She is not only my best friend,but also my teacher in my life.经典写人记叙文结尾：经典写人记叙文结尾：MY MOTHER Maybe my mother isnt very beautifulor clever,but I believe she is the best mother in the world.She gives sunshineto my life.Thank you,Mother!经典写事记叙文开头：经典写事记叙文开头：MY

20、 EXPERIENCE OF SUCCESS Whenever someone mentions the experience of success,a feeling of pridealways comes into my heart.It gives meenergy and right attitudes to my whole life.经典写事记叙文结尾：经典写事记叙文结尾：This is my experience of success.Life is like a high mountain.We may meet all kinds of difficulties.The w

21、inner is the only one that never gives up.I believe everyone will see the bright tomorrowafter fighting against wind and rain withnever-give-up attitude!MY EXPERIENCE OF SUCCESS 我们需要关爱别人，我们也需要被别人我们需要关爱别人，我们也需要被别人关爱。在我们身边有那么多人在默默地关关爱。在我们身边有那么多人在默默地关爱着我们爱着我们父母、老师、朋友，甚至是父母、老师、朋友，甚至是素不相识的人素不相识的人.是他们的爱让我

22、们的生活是他们的爱让我们的生活充满阳光！那么请你介绍充满阳光！那么请你介绍一个最关爱你的一个最关爱你的人人吧！吧！范文见试卷范文见试卷 优点：优点：1.开头结尾好，能够运用比喻排比手法开头结尾好，能够运用比喻排比手法2.事例选取比较新鲜，情节比较完整事例选取比较新鲜，情节比较完整不足：不足：1.事例叙述过于简单，导致文章结构不合事例叙述过于简单，导致文章结构不合理，即开头结尾长，主体段太短；理，即开头结尾长，主体段太短；2.单词拼写和语法错误非常严重，如：单词拼写和语法错误非常严重，如：时态，固定短语等。时态，固定短语等。精彩开头：排比式精彩开头：排比式 9.4 李航李航 In the big

23、 world,the sunshine loves flowers most and the land loves grass most.However,who loves me most?I think she is my grandma.精彩开头：排比式精彩开头：排比式 9.5 王俊澎王俊澎 Who makes breakfast when I get up?Who gives a glass of milk when I study in the evening?Who offers me anumbrella when it rains?The person is my mother.

24、I think the person who cares about me most is my mother.The tree is the birds sun because it gives them home.The sea is the fishes sun because it gives them space to live in.In my mind,my grandma is my sun because she gives me love.She is the person who cares about me most.精彩开头：比喻式精彩开头：比喻式 9.2 陈宇菲陈宇

25、菲 Care is the gentle wind,it brings us spring.Care is the sunshine,it brings us warmness.I live a life that is filled with care.And the person who cares about me most is my father.精彩开头：比喻式精彩开头：比喻式 9.1 王烁王烁精彩文章：精彩文章：13分分 谭欣宇谭欣宇 12分冯佳、杨晶洁、夏幪幪分冯佳、杨晶洁、夏幪幪 见试卷见试卷典型病例典型病例v名词的单复数问题名词的单复数问题v词类错用词类错用v主谓一致问题主

26、谓一致问题v词语搭配错误词语搭配错误v时态和语态问题时态和语态问题vChinglish 现象现象Its pleased to be cared.冯佳冯佳pleasantOnce I did bad in the exam.陈宇菲陈宇菲badlyI can grow up happier and healthier.卢悦卢悦more happily and healthily 1 词类错用词类错用It was difficult and tired for her to do that.李航李航tiringThere was quite a few snow on his head.王烁王烁 m

27、uchI past the next exam successfully.passedTheir love make our life full of sunshine.赵云龙赵云龙makesMy eyes was filled with tears.李航李航wereIll treat you better than you does.王烁王烁do2 主谓一致问题主谓一致问题shout to sb.at take me to the hospital hospital on the next morningthe next morning3 词语搭配错误词语搭配错误Thank for Mom.

28、Thank you,Mom.care me care about me make a lie tell a lie Nobody can be instead of her.take her placeI couldnt help crying because I am moved by my mother.赵云龙赵云龙was When I was 8 years old,I have a bad cold.杜卓然杜卓然 had 4 时态语态问题时态语态问题While I was worried,my teacher was coming in.石滨石滨cameShe asked me kin

29、dly if I was hurt myself.刘桐琦刘桐琦hurt Its her writing,李梦馨李梦馨It said,My dream was having a healthy body.周小琳周小琳in good health5 Chinglish 现象现象I lost my head and shouted at her.高莹高莹I was so angry that I Im warning you!Dont try my patience!金梦琳金梦琳Im tired of you!Dont disturb me!I think the all over worlds m

30、others are like this.严佳欣严佳欣the mothers all over the worldThis thing moved me to tears.卢悦卢悦 I was moved to tears.一、写作要求：一、写作要求：客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，和信息，不需要发表自己的主张和论证不需要发表自己的主张和论证。要与议论文区别开来。要与议论文区别开来。如：我们应不应该保护环境呢如：我们应不应该保护环境呢?我们应该怎样保护环境呢？我们应该怎样保护环境呢？请通过一件小事的记叙来表现你是怎样保请通过一件小事的记叙来表现你

31、是怎样保护环境的。护环境的。（议论文）（议论文）（说明文）（说明文）（记叙文）（记叙文）一、写作要求：一、写作要求：如：我们应不应该做志愿者呢如：我们应不应该做志愿者呢?我们应该如何做一名志愿者呢？我们应该如何做一名志愿者呢？（议论文）（议论文）（说明文）（说明文）如：我们应不应该学好汉语呢如：我们应不应该学好汉语呢?我们应该如何学好英语呢？我们应该如何学好英语呢？（议论文）（议论文）（说明文）（说明文）二、说明文种类：二、说明文种类：1.事物说明文：介绍家乡哈尔滨事物说明文：介绍家乡哈尔滨/学校学校2.事理说明文事理说明文:如何保持健康如何保持健康/面对困难面对困难出题较少出题较少出题较多出

32、题较多三、说明文写作步骤：三、说明文写作步骤：1 审题，确定主题句和时态（以一般现在审题，确定主题句和时态（以一般现在时为主）；时为主）；2 将说明的要点表达出来（注意使用过渡将说明的要点表达出来（注意使用过渡词）词）first of all,next,whats more3 总结总结经典说明文开头：经典说明文开头：HOW TO FACE DIFFICULTIES Difficulty is like an earthquake,it can break your heart,destroy your life.In the world,everyone will certainly meet

33、 many difficulties.How to face them,please follow my tips.经典说明文结尾：经典说明文结尾：Now you can see,theres no need to worry about the difficulties,because we have many ways to overcome them.So everyone lets live both bravely and happily.HOW TO FACE DIFFICULTIES 经典说明文开头：经典说明文开头：HOW TO HELP OTHERS In the world,

34、there are many people who need help.Perhaps theyre poor,perhaps theyre in trouble.We want to help them.But how to help others?Heres some advice for you.经典说明文结尾：经典说明文结尾：My dear friends,do you know how to help others now?I think if we help othersthey will live better than before.How great that is!So l

35、ets learn to help others.HOW TO HELP OTHERS 月亮有阴晴圆缺，大海有潮涨潮落，人月亮有阴晴圆缺，大海有潮涨潮落，人生也如此，在我们的人生道路上会遇到很生也如此，在我们的人生道路上会遇到很多困难挫折。那么我们应该如何多困难挫折。那么我们应该如何面对这些面对这些困难挫折困难挫折呢？呢？优点：优点：1.语法错误率大大降低；语法错误率大大降低；2.可读性大大提高，短语、句型、关联词、可读性大大提高，短语、句型、关联词、谚语等运用自如，谚语等运用自如，原创句子增多；原创句子增多；3.与前几次比较，好文章越来越多。与前几次比较，好文章越来越多。不足：不足：1.结尾

36、没有体现说明文特点，如：结尾没有体现说明文特点，如：2.Herere the ways to face difficulties.2.主体段面对困难的方法太平淡，重复，主体段面对困难的方法太平淡，重复，如：如：confidence,never-give-up attitude3.difficulty,difficulties 运用混乱。运用混乱。精彩开头：精彩开头：9.4 高莹高莹 Life is not always full of roses.There are many difficulties in our life.Someone beats difficulties,however

37、,someone is beaten by difficulties.How to face them?精彩开头：精彩开头：9.1 周小琳周小琳 The moon isnt always round and the sea isnt always calm.Our life cant be perfect at any time.We should face difficulties in a right way.So let me show some advice to you!精彩开头：精彩开头：9.2 刘畅刘畅 Everyones life cant be perfect.We all

38、experience happiness,sadness,success and difficulties.As the saying goes,“Difficulties arent terrible.The most important is how we face them.”Now I have some tips for you.On the other hand,overcoming diffi-culties also needs your courage.A manwho has much courage can face themcorrectly.They wont esc

39、ape.Instead,they will fight against it bravely.So we should have enough courage to make us solve problems step by step.精彩主体段：精彩主体段：9.1 李禹辰李禹辰解释得详细，令人信服。解释得详细，令人信服。My dear friends,do you know how to face difficulties now?The way to success is full of various difficulties.Lets get brave and strong!精彩结

40、尾：精彩结尾：9.5王俊澎王俊澎 Now you see,if we deal with difficulties bravely,well never be beaten for anything.If you remember all the tips,I think you have taken the first step.So lets be positive to face difficulties together!精彩结尾：精彩结尾：9.2 夏幪幪夏幪幪 According to the above,do you know how to face difficulties?Le

41、ts regard themas steps to success or parts of life and say,“We are ready!”精彩结尾：精彩结尾：9.3 杨伟艺杨伟艺精彩文章：精彩文章：13分分 高莹、陈宇菲、周小琳、李梦馨、高莹、陈宇菲、周小琳、李梦馨、夏幪幪夏幪幪12分分 刘畅、王烁、杨伟艺、李禹辰、刘畅、王烁、杨伟艺、李禹辰、王俊澎、谭欣宇王俊澎、谭欣宇 见试卷见试卷1 书信书信 Letter 2 电子邮件电子邮件 E-mail3 日记日记 Diary 4 通告通告 Notice 6 海报海报 Poster7 天气预报天气预报 Weather forecast 8

42、个人简介个人简介 Self-introduction5 留言留言 Message 1 突出应用文的写作特点突出应用文的写作特点（格式内容）（格式内容）1分分2 信息完整信息完整 1分分3 语言准确（单词拼写，语法结语言准确（单词拼写，语法结构，词汇使用等）构，词汇使用等）1分分4可读性强（关联词，从句，语可读性强（关联词，从句，语句通顺等）句通顺等）1 分分5 不少于不少于5个句子个句子 1分分 1 阅读阅读中英中英文，找到并文，找到并画出画出信息信息2 明确应用文的格式和特点：明确应用文的格式和特点：称呼、开头、结尾、落款。称呼、开头、结尾、落款。3 打草稿，不少于打草稿，不少于5个句子个句

43、子4 检查修改：关联词、短语、从句等检查修改：关联词、短语、从句等1 书信书信 Letter 2 电子邮件电子邮件 E-mail 1 称呼：称呼：Dear,2.回信：回信：Im happy to hear form you.Thank you for your letter.Thank you for writing to me.3.开头常用句子：开头常用句子：How is everything?I hope everything is all right.How are you getting on these days?4.结尾常用句子：结尾常用句子：Best wishes.Please

44、write to me soon.Im looking forward to hearing from you.5.落款：落款：Yours,Your son,Your student 精彩试题精彩试题 假如你叫陈晓，假如你叫陈晓，你的美国朋友你的美国朋友Jack在四在四川抗震救灾中做志愿者。请根据他的来信内川抗震救灾中做志愿者。请根据他的来信内写一封回信，感谢他为灾区所做的一切。要写一封回信，感谢他为灾区所做的一切。要求至少写求至少写5句话覆盖所有信息，条理清楚，句话覆盖所有信息，条理清楚，语意连贯，字迹工整，句式规范。语意连贯，字迹工整，句式规范。信息信息1 感谢他为灾区所做的一切感谢他为灾

45、区所做的一切 精彩试题精彩试题 Dear Chen Xiao,I havent received a letter from you for a long time.How are you getting on with your study?Im very busy these days.Many people died or lost their homes in the earthquake.I do my best to help the people in trouble with soldiers and doctors.Though Im tired,I feel proud o

46、f myself.What will you do to help?Well,good luck with your exams!Yours,Jack信息信息2 信息信息3 精彩范文精彩范文 Dear Jack,Im happy to hear from you.Thank you for giving so much help to China.Im busy preparing for my exams these days.However,Ill give help to the people in Wenchuan as well.Ill give away money and pro

47、vide them with some food.Im looking forward to your reply!Yours,Chen Xiao3 天气预报天气预报 weather forecast 1 开头语：开头语：Welcome to listen to the weatherforecast for tomorrow/the following week.Heres the weather forecast for 2.结束语：结束语：Thats all for today.Thanks for watching/listening to todays weather forecas

48、t.3.适当增加一些话来增加文章色彩：适当增加一些话来增加文章色彩：Its perfect for a walk.Youd better put on more clothes.4.时态：时态：现在时态或将来时态现在时态或将来时态vHere is the weather forecast forvIt will be rainy,snowy,sunny,windyvThere will be rain,snow,a stormvIt will rain,snow vThe temperature will be to vThe highest/lowest temperature will b

49、e 易错点：改错易错点：改错Its a weather forecast of Harbin of tomorrow.There will be rainy in the afternoon.There will be strong wind.Its a weather forecast for Harbin for tomorrow.There will be rain in the afternoon.There will be a strong wind.Harbin will have a strong wind.It will be rain in the morning.The t

50、emperature is 15 to 25 There will be a strong wind in Harbin.It will be rainy in the morning.The temperature will be 15 to 25.精彩试题精彩试题 请根据所给信息对明天的天气作以预报。请根据所给信息对明天的天气作以预报。要求至少写要求至少写5句话覆盖所有信息，条理清楚，句话覆盖所有信息，条理清楚，语意连贯，字迹工整，句式规范。语意连贯，字迹工整，句式规范。Harbin City a.m.p.m18 -3 5 精彩范文精彩范文 Welcome to listen to the