Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures过去分词（ppt课件）-2022新人教版（2019）《高中英语》必修第二册.pptx

1、GrammarThe Past ParticipleRead the story and pay special attention to the underlined words.Judy,a rabbit,is determined to become a policewoman.During the training,she often gets her hands injured.Lost in thought,he knocked into a tree.After becoming a policewoman,she doesnt keep her mouth shut and a

2、lways express her opinions.She and her friend,a fox named Nick,see a citizen taken out of his house unwillingly.And they want the case solved as soon as possible.Finally,with the bad guys punished,they feel really happy.Past participle Observe the sentences and try to analyze the function of the ita

3、lic words.1.Judy,a rabbit,is determined to become a policewoman.2.She and her friend,a fox named Nick,see a citizen.3.She often gets her hands injured。4.Lost in thought,he knocked into a tree.Predicative/表语表语Attributive/定语定语Object complement/宾语补足语宾语补足语Adverbial/状语状语过去分词过去分词定语定语宾语补足语宾语补足语表语表语状语状语过去分词

4、是非谓语动词的一种形式。兼有过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。兼有动词、形容词动词、形容词或副词的特性或副词的特性，可在句中充当，可在句中充当定语、宾语补足语、表语或者定语、宾语补足语、表语或者状语状语。过去分词通常于逻辑主语之间存在。过去分词通常于逻辑主语之间存在被动关系或表完成被动关系或表完成。过去分词作定语过去分词作定语什么叫定语？什么叫定语？定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。过去分词作定语过去分词作定语不及物动词不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅的过去分词作定语仅表完成表完成,不表示被动。不表示被动。及物动词及物动词的过去分词作定语通常的过去分词作定语通常表被动或完成表被动或

5、完成,即被修饰词通常是过去分即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者词所表示的动作的承受者,且该动作已经完成。且该动作已经完成。只表完成，不表被动只表完成，不表被动fallen leavesa retired teacherdeveloped country表被动或完成表被动或完成the broken glassthe bolied wateran honored guestthe published article1.1.定义定义过去分词作定语过去分词作定语单个过去分词单个过去分词作定语作定语,通常通常放在放在被修饰词之前被修饰词之前，即，即前置定语前置定语2.2.位置位置a pollu

6、ted rivera closed doora drunk babythe UKthe shortened nameThey use the same flag,known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.过去分词短语放在哪儿？过去分词短语放在哪儿？They use the same flag,which is known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.过去分词作

7、定语过去分词作定语过去分词短语过去分词短语作定语放在作定语放在被修饰词被修饰词之后之后,即即后置定语后置定语,作用作用相当于定语从相当于定语从句句。2.2.位置位置a girl dressed in whitea picture painted by da Vincia player loved by many peoplea book witten by Confucius同义句转换同义句转换1.He didnt turn up at the meeting held yesterday.He didnt turn up at the meeting _yesterday.which is

8、held 2.I borrowed a novel which was written by Mo Yan from the library.I borrowed a novel _ from the library.written by Mo Yan 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语3.3.注意事项注意事项 过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。前后常有逗号。They use the same flag,(which is)known as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and

9、 military defence.Some of them，(who were)born and brought up in villages,had never seen a train.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语3.3.注意事项注意事项 过去分词修饰代词时应位于被修饰的词之后。过去分词修饰代词时应位于被修饰的词之后。He is one of them invited.Is there anything unsolved?There is nothing changed here since I left this town.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语3.3.注意事项注意事项 有些过去

10、分词表示特定含义时有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后词之后,如如left(剩余的剩余的),),given(所给的所给的),),concerned(有关的有关的)等。等。There is little time left.Let s hurry up.We are interested in the problems concerned.Write sentences with the words given.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语3.3.注意事项注意事项 现在分词现在分词作定语表示正在作定语表示正在进行进行、主动主动，过去分词过去分词表

11、示已经表示已经完成、被动完成、被动。the fallen leaves vs.the falling leavesthe boiled water vs.the boiling waterthe running water vs.the woman interviewed过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,意义用法容易记。意义用法容易记。及物动词用过分及物动词用过分,表示被动与完成表示被动与完成;不及物用过分时不及物用过分时,不表被动表完成不表被动表完成;单个过分名词前单个过分名词前,过分短语名词后过分短语名词后,若是修饰不定代若是修饰不定代,只能放在代词后只能放在代词后;given,leftgiv

12、en,left和和concerned,concerned,作定语时要后置。作定语时要后置。1.The beautiful long branches _(cover)with pink-colored buds make fantastic decorations.2.Glad to learn that you re going to have a photo exhibition _(call)Moving Moments.3.There will be a speech _(give)by Mo Yan,a Nobel Prize winner.4.I m writing to make

13、 some complaints about the computer _(buy)in your store.5.Anyone _(interest)in model airplane and the knowledge of space is warmly welcomed.coveredcalledgivenboughtinterestedPractice过去分词过去分词定语定语宾语补足语宾语补足语表语表语状语状语过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语什么叫宾语补足语？什么叫宾语补足语？宾语补足语一般放在宾语宾语补足语一般放在宾语_,_,对宾语起对宾语起_的作用。的作用。之后之后 补充

14、说明补充说明 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词某些及物动词（如（如make等）等）+直接宾语直接宾语（名词或代词）（名词或代词）+宾语补足语宾语补足语Everyone calls him(宾语宾语)(宾补宾补)(主语主语)(谓语谓语)Tom.过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语，过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动或完成表被动或完成，有时两者兼而有之。，有时两者兼而有之。做做宾补宾补的过去分词的过去分词与宾语与宾语有逻辑上的有逻辑上的动宾关系动宾关系，即，即宾语是过去分词宾语是过去分词动作的对象动作的对象。1.1.定义定义She often

15、gets her hands injured.She makes herself understood.She doesnt keep her mouth shut.She sees a citizen taken out of his house.They want the case solved.With the bad guys punished,they feel really happy.过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语1.1.用于用于get,have,make,keep,leave等等使役动词后作宾使役动词后作宾语补足语语补足语。get/have/make/keep/lea

16、ve sb./sth.doneShe raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people.She often gets her hands injured.She makes herself understood.She doesnt keep her mouth shut.Judys parents try to have her _(persuade)not to be a policewoman.persuadedIn order to select the most excellent police,the Officer

17、have the students _(train)strictly.trainedJudy managed to make her dream _(realize)through hard work.realized过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语2.用于用于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe,watch,think等等感官感官动词后作宾语补足语。动词后作宾语补足语。feel/find/hear/notice/see.sb./sth.doneShe and her friend see a citizen taken out of his

18、house.I find my money stolen.He was about to enter the hall when he heard his name called.Judy saw her friends tickets _(rob)by Gideon.robbed Judy found lots of cars _(park)here and there,so she decided to give them fine tickets(罚单罚单).parked Judy was angry to see the customers order _(reject)by the

19、shop keeper.rejected过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语3.用于用于wish,want,would like,expect,order等表示等表示“意意愿愿”“命令命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语的动词后面作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省，相当于过去分词前省略了略了to be。wish/want/would like/expect/order(to be)doneThey want the case solved.The boss wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.I wish my house painted

20、 white.She wanted the tickets _(return)to her little friends and fought with Gideon.returned The Mayor of Zootopia would like a photo _(take)with Judy by the reporters.taken Chief Bogo wished the missing mammal cases _(handle)by other policemen rather than Judy.handled过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语4.用于用于with的

21、复合结构中，之一结构通常在句中作时间、的复合结构中，之一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。方式、条件、原因等状语。with+宾语+doneWith the bad guys punished,they feel really happy.With everything well arranged,he left the office.With most of his time wasted in playing basketball,he failed in the exam.With the badge(警徽警徽)_(attach)to her uniform,Judy fina

22、lly became a policewoman.attachedWith her work _(finish),Judy set down to looking into the missing citizens cases secretly with the help of her friend.finishedWith the missing mammal cases _(settle)successfully,Judy became well-known and was invited to give a speech.settled过去分词作定语过去分词作定语注意事项注意事项过去分词

23、与不定式过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾语补足语的区别现在分词作宾语补足语的区别 The teacher will have Li Lei clean the classroom today.When I came into classroom,I saw Jack reading a book.We have our classroom cleaned after school everyday.语态（与宾语之间的关系）语态（与宾语之间的关系）时间时间 不定式不定式主动或被动主动或被动关系关系 将来或者动作的全过程将来或者动作的全过程现在分词现在分词主动主动关系关系 进行进行 过去分词过去分词

24、被动关系被动关系 完成完成省略省略to的不定式：的不定式：1感感（feel），2听（听（hear,listen to），），3让（让（let，have，make），），5看（看（watch,see,look at,notice,observe）1.I want him _(help)me with my housework tomorrow.2.I found the English teacher _(surround)by a group of students.3.When I passed by,I saw him _(play)computer games.4.With the pr

25、oblem _(solve),I felt proud of my achievement.5.What made me _(impress)is that they have had professional training.6.With all his energy _(concentrate)on his painting,he didn t notice it was raining heavily outside.helpedsurroundedplayingsolvedimpressedPracticeconcentrated过去分词过去分词定语定语宾语补足语宾语补足语表语表语状

26、语状语过去分词作表语过去分词作表语什么叫表语？什么叫表语？表语又叫主语补足语，表语又叫主语补足语，说明主语的身份、性质、说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态品性、特征和状态。可放在系动词可放在系动词be,get,become,feel,remain,seem,look等之后。等之后。可做表语的词：名词、形容词、介词短可做表语的词：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词过去分词The apple is red.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，表示过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态主语所处的状态。1.1.定义定义After a long run,yo

27、u may feel like you re in pain,you may feel tired.Jennifer now is married and has three children.The door is locked.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语有些过去分词作表语时有些过去分词作表语时,相当于形容词相当于形容词,且大部分已转化为形容词且大部分已转化为形容词excited frightened delighted encougraged moved disappointed surprised satisfied tired interestedexciting frighteni

28、ng delighting encougraging moving disappointing surprising satisfying tiring interesting过去分词和现在分词作表语的区别过去分词和现在分词作表语的区别现在分词表主动，即现在分词表主动，即“令人令人.”，通常修饰物。通常修饰物。过去分词表被动，即过去分词表被动，即“感到感到.”，通常修饰人。通常修饰人。过去分词作表语过去分词作表语过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别表状态，系表结构，此时过去分词通常形容词化表状态，系表结构，此时过去分词通常形容词化表被动，被动语态，且绝大多数动作的执行者

29、由介表被动，被动语态，且绝大多数动作的执行者由介词词by引出引出be+doneThe book is written well.（系表结构，强调主语所处的状态系表结构，强调主语所处的状态）The book is written by Shakespeare.（被动语态，强调主语被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作所承受的动作）1.The story they heard over the radio was very _(move).2.He looked _(disappoint)when he heard the news.3.He returned and found the door rem

30、ained _(lock).4.He got _(injure)in the accident and was sent to the hospital immediately.5.They were _ to hear the _(frighten)sound.6.The cup was _(break)by my little sister yesterday.movingfrighteneddisappointedinjuredlockedPracticefrighteningbroken过去分词过去分词定语定语宾语补足语宾语补足语表语表语状语状语过去分词作状语过去分词作状语什么叫状语？

31、什么叫状语？状语修饰状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句动词、形容词、副词或全句，说，说明明方式、条件、时间、地点、让步、程度、目方式、条件、时间、地点、让步、程度、目的、比较的、比较等等I play soccer very well.In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.To see the beauty of the city,I go to the top of the mountain.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语动词，在意义上相当于状过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语动词，在意义上相当于状语从句，可以与状语从句转换，表示时

32、间、原因、条件、方式、让语从句，可以与状语从句转换，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等。其步等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两只之间为被动关系逻辑主语为句子的主语，两只之间为被动关系。1.1.定义定义Troubled by the great inconvenience,the old man decided to remove the mountains.Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.Told that he passed the exam,he was very excited.过去分词作状语过去分词作状

33、语1.时间状语时间状语 相当于相当于as,when,while,until等引导的时间状等引导的时间状语从句，也可语从句，也可在前直接加上在前直接加上when,while,until等。其等。其逻辑逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系，该动作通常表，该动作通常表示示先于谓语动作发生或同时发生先于谓语动作发生或同时发生。(When)Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.(When)Asked why they skip breakfast,they said that the

34、y have no time for breakfast.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语2.原因状语原因状语 相当于相当于as,because等引导的原因状语从句。等引导的原因状语从句。其其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。Moved by the story,the children couldnt help crying.Troubled by the great inconvenience,the old man decided to remove the mountains.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语3.条件状语条件状语 相当于相当于i

35、f,unless,once等引导的条件从句。等引导的条件从句。其其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。可能是逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。可能是对过去被动动作的假设。对过去被动动作的假设。也可能没有具体时间，表示一种也可能没有具体时间，表示一种客观的情况。客观的情况。Given more time,we could do it better.Heated,water will turn into steam.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语4.让步状语让步状语 相当于让步状语从句，也可相当于让步状语从句，也可在前直接加上在前直接加上altough,though,even thou

36、gh/if,whether.or等。其等。其逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。Defeated by his opponent,he never gave up hope.Wounded,the brave soldiers continued to search for the trapped passagers.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语5.方式或伴随状语方式或伴随状语 相当于相当于and等引导的并列结构。其等引导的并列结构。其逻辑逻辑主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系主语为句子的主语，两者之间为被动关系。Accompanied by a

37、 group of leaders,the president entered the hall.Supported by a girl,the old man got off bus.Practice同义句转换同义句转换1.Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.When he was told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurried home quickly.2.Compared with you,I still have a long way to go.If I am com

38、pared with you,I still have a long way to go.3.Greatly touched by the teachers words,the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates.Because/As he was greatly touched by the teachers words,the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates.4.The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.The

39、patient got off the bed,and he was supported by the nurse.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语注意事项注意事项 过去分词的逻辑主语应为和句子的主语保持一致。过去分词的逻辑主语应为和句子的主语保持一致。Built ten years ago,I found the house is very beautiful.Given another hour,the problem can be solved.Built ten years ago,the house is very beautiful.Given another hour,I can s

40、olve the problem.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语注意事项注意事项Covered by snow,the mountain looked fantastic.Followed by a group of students,the professor entered the classroom.先于谓语发生先于谓语发生与谓语同时发生与谓语同时发生 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表被动表被动，可与谓语，可与谓语同时发生同时发生也可也可先于先于谓语谓语发生发生过去分词作状语过去分词作状语注意事项注意事项Tired of his boring stories,Alex fell asleep

41、 when listening.Disappointed about the result of exam,he hid his face in his hands.过去分词作状语还可过去分词作状语还可表感受或状态，表感受或状态，有些过去分词源于系有些过去分词源于系表结构，作状语是不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。表结构，作状语是不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。常见的有常见的有:seated,hidden,lost,abosorbed in,dressed in,tired of,satisfied withse,born in,located in.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语注意事项注意事项

42、 过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词：与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即过去分词：与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动表被动现在分词：与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即现在分词：与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主表主动动Seeing from the top of the hill,I found the city more beautiful.Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful.1._(locate)in the southwest of China,

43、Guiyang is a beautiful city.2._(surprise)at what happened,Tom didn t know what to do.3.Everyone was silent,_(wait)to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.4._(see)from the hill,the park looks very beautiful.5._(see)the sunset from the hill,he felt relaxed.6._(lose)in the wo

44、ods,he was finally saved by the police.LocatedSurprisedwaitingSeenSeeingPracticeLostPractice1.Because you are interested in Peking Opera,you are sure to enjoy this exhibition._,you are sure to enjoy this exhibition.2.If they are given enough water and sunlight,the plants will grow to three metres._,

45、the plants will grow to three metres.3.As they were moved by the story,the children couldnt help crying._,the children couldnt help crying.4.When they heard the bell,the students began to enter the classroom._,the students began to enter the classroom.Interested in Peking OperaGiven enough water and sunlightMoved by the storyHearing the bellThank you感谢聆听