英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件.pptx

1、格式塔心理学（格式塔心理学（Gestalt Psycology）又叫完形心理学，又叫完形心理学，当看见不完整的事物时，人们根据脑子里对事物的完整概当看见不完整的事物时，人们根据脑子里对事物的完整概念，会在思想上把它补全。念，会在思想上把它补全。英语完形填空英语完形填空的设计正是基于格式塔理论，试题要求考生的设计正是基于格式塔理论，试题要求考生从每题所给的从每题所给的4 4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文文语言通顺语言通顺，前后连贯前后连贯，结构完整结构完整，遵循在遵循在“情境情境”中考中考查考生分析和解决问题的能力。查考生分析和解决问题的能力。高考英语完形

2、填空特点与解题技巧第一部分 高考英语完形填空特点人与自我人与自我(human and self)(human and self)学习与生活学习与生活做人与做事人与社会(human and society)社会服务与人际沟通文学、艺术与体育历史、社会与文化科学与技术人与自然(human and nature)自然生态环境保护灾害防范宇宙探索体裁类型体裁类型文章特点文章特点记叙文(narrative writing)结构完整，逻辑严密叙议文说明文(expository writing)试卷类型试卷类型年份年份主题语境主题语境文章体裁文章体裁语篇内容语篇内容价值引领价值引领全国I卷2017年人与自我

3、记叙文作者喜欢上美式手语的过程。关爱、包容与理解2018年人与社会记叙文讲述大学选国际象棋课及导师对自己的深远影响。尊重、感激2019年人与自然记叙兼说明非洲乞力马扎罗山环境污染及治理改善。生态环境保护、人类命运共同体、社会责任全国II卷2017年人与社会记叙文学生Freddy有趣、乐于助人、有同情心。人文关怀2018年人与社会记叙文父亲的善举碰巧营救了儿子。善举、回报2019年人与社会记叙文一男士不辞辛劳帮陌生人找回宠物狗。善举、关爱、和谐全国III卷2017年人与社会记叙文多伦多小伙在社交网站上为机票寻新主人。善举、分享、和谐2018年人与社会记叙文一条错发的手机短信引发善与美的故事。善举

4、、关怀、和谐2019年人与自然记叙兼说明挪威小镇运用反射镜带来阳光。创新精神、科技改变生活、人文性语言地道(authentic language)语料真实(original source)传播正能量(be positive)聚焦中国元素(Chinese elements)具有国际视野(international views)20172017年年20182018年年20192019年年文章词数选项词性出现频次文章词数选项词类出现频次文章词数选项词类出现频次256词动词9(7+2)258词动词11(10+1)242词动词8名词7名词6名词5形容词4形容词3形容词5副词0副词0副词280个选项的词汇

5、通常来源于考纲3500词汇启示 1.重点识记考纲中的四大词类：动、名、形、副 2.确保见词识义 3.牢记构词法年份年份20192019年年20182018年年20172017年年20162016年年20152015年年20142014年年20132013年年选项卷I卷II卷III卷I卷II卷III卷I卷II卷III卷I卷II卷III卷I卷II卷I卷II卷I卷IIA555555555555555555B555555555555556565C555555555555554545D555555555555555555第二部分 高考英语完形填空解题技巧原则1 精准理解原则2 有据可依原则3 先易后难第

6、一步 细读首句，摸清文路（1 min）第二步 速览全文，把握大意（2 min）第三步 瞻前顾后，准确选择（10 min）第四步 复核全文，调整答案（2 min）完形填空注重在语境中考查词义。几乎所有的备选项都要完形填空注重在语境中考查词义。几乎所有的备选项都要过联系上文或下文而确定。因此答案有的由空格所在的句过联系上文或下文而确定。因此答案有的由空格所在的句决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由整个语决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由整个语内容综合决定。因此，依据完形填空设题的考点层次，可内容综合决定。因此，依据完形填空设题的考点层次，可完形填空题分为完形填空题分为句内层次题、

7、句组层次题和语篇层次题句内层次题、句组层次题和语篇层次题。确了完形填空解题的确了完形填空解题的3 3大着眼点，就锁定了思考范围，有利大着眼点，就锁定了思考范围，有利我们快速查找信息源，准确答题。我们快速查找信息源，准确答题。句内层次类题目句内层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话即可找出答案的题目。是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话即可找出答案的题目。(高考全国卷高考全国卷，节选节选)My 10)My 10yearyearold noticed him and made a old noticed him and made a _ on how bad it must be to have to

8、 stand outside in the _ on how bad it must be to have to stand outside in the cold wind.cold wind.4343A.suggestionA.suggestion B Bcommentcomment C Cdecision decision D Dcallcall【解析解析】根据后面根据后面how bad it must be.how bad it must be.可知可知，这个十岁的孩子是这个十岁的孩子是对这个人的行为作出了评论对这个人的行为作出了评论(comment)(comment)。make a

9、comment onmake a comment on对对作作出评论出评论，符合语境。符合语境。make a suggestion make a suggestion 提建议；提建议；make a decisionmake a decision作作决定；决定；make a callmake a call打电话。打电话。句组层次类题目句组层次类题目是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话不能找出正确答案，是指通过阅读空格所处的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子(句组句组)才可找出答案的题目。才可找出答案的题目。(高考全国卷高考全国卷，节选节选)When

10、we handed him the bag of food)When we handed him the bag of food，he he lit up and thanked us with _ eyes.When I handed him the lit up and thanked us with _ eyes.When I handed him the gift cardgift card，saying he could use it for whatever his family saying he could use it for whatever his family migh

11、t needmight need，he burst into tears.he burst into tears.5353A.sleepy A.sleepy B Bwatery Cwatery Ccurious curious D Dsharpsharp【解析解析】根据后文的根据后文的he burst into tearshe burst into tears可知可知，看到食物看到食物，那个人那个人眼睛湿润眼睛湿润(watery)(watery)了。了。sleepysleepy困乏的；困乏的；curiouscurious好奇的；好奇的；sharpsharp敏捷的。敏捷的。语篇层次类题目语篇层次

12、类题目是指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇是指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇才能找到正确答案的题目。才能找到正确答案的题目。(高考全国卷高考全国卷，节选节选)But it may well be that the learning you really want)But it may well be that the learning you really want lies somewhere else instead.I had the chance of seeing this first hand lies somewhere else instead.I had

13、 the chance of seeing this first hand on a _on a _.This led to some painful experiences on Saturday as they played against This led to some painful experiences on Saturday as they played against teams better trained.teams better trained.It seemed that something clicked with the girls between Saturda

14、y and It seemed that something clicked with the girls between Saturday and Sunday.Sunday.2424A.tripA.trip B BHoliday CHoliday Cweekend weekend D Dsquaresquare【解析解析】根据下文中的根据下文中的SaturdaySaturday和和between Saturday and Sundaybetween Saturday and Sunday这些信息可知这些信息可知，她们踢球的时候是周末她们踢球的时候是周末(weekend)(weekend)。

15、triptrip旅游旅游，holidayholiday假日假日，squaresquare广场广场，均不能在文中找到与之相关的信息。均不能在文中找到与之相关的信息。完形填空首句一般不设空，而首句往往是了解全文的窗口，依据首句所给的信息常常可以看出文章完形填空首句一般不设空，而首句往往是了解全文的窗口，依据首句所给的信息常常可以看出文章体裁和背景，从而有利于快速把握文章的主旨大意。文章首句往往是完形填空做题的切入点，开始体裁和背景，从而有利于快速把握文章的主旨大意。文章首句往往是完形填空做题的切入点，开始几个空往往与首句有密切关系。几个空往往与首句有密切关系。复现是一种语境衔接手段，它通过原词、同

16、义词或近义词、反义词、复现是一种语境衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，我们可根据文章的使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，我们可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确的答案。确的答案。(2008年广东高考)Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Bri

17、tain.In particular,there was(and perhaps still is)a belief in fairies(仙女).Not all of these 21 are the friendly,people-loving characters that appear in Disney films,and A.babies B.believers C.fairies D.supermen(19(19全国全国卷卷)But that)But that changedchanged when a system of high-tech when a system of h

18、igh-tech _46_46_ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(peaks(山峰山峰)into the valley below.Wednesday,residents()into the valley below.Wednesday,residents(居民居民)of)of Rjukan Rjukan receivedreceived their very first ray of winter suns

19、hine:A row their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to useuse.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directsdirects them to them

20、to turn along with the sun throughout the turn along with the sun throughout the dayday and to close during and to close during windy weather.windy weather.46.A.computers46.A.computers B.telescopes B.telescopesC.mirrorsC.mirrorsD.camerasD.cameras、原词复现(2018年天津卷)第2段:I learned this lesson from a(n)_man

21、y years ago第6段:From the experience I learned a lot about how theattitude of the leader can affect the members of a team.A.experiment B.experience C.visit D.show(2008年广东高考)Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain.In particular,there was(and perhaps still is)a belief in fairies(仙女)

22、.Not all of these 21 are the friendly,people-loving characters that appear in Disney films,and A.babies B.believers C.fairies D.supermenTales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain.In particular,there was(and perhaps still is)a belief in fairies(仙女).Not all of these_are the friendly,

23、people-loving characters that appear in Disney films,and A.babies B.believers C.fairies D.supermen、同义词或近义词复现(高考陕西卷高考陕西卷，节选节选)I was _ to do)I was _ to do it.Atit.At age five age five，this dull this dull task brought me such task brought me such joy.Ijoy.I would excitedly turn the tap on would excited

24、ly turn the tap on and brush the comb and brush the comb carefully.Satisfiedcarefully.Satisfied that Id done a good that Id done a good jobjob，I would happily return the comb to Dad.I would happily return the comb to Dad.2727A.annoyed A.annoyed B Brelieved Crelieved Cashamed ashamed D Dpleasedplease

25、d【解析解析】联系空后的联系空后的excitedlyexcitedly以及以及SatisfiedSatisfied可知可知，“我我”很愿意干很愿意干这个活儿这个活儿，因此选因此选pleased(pleased(高兴的高兴的)。annoyedannoyed生气的生气的，relievedrelieved如释重如释重负的负的，ashamedashamed羞愧的羞愧的，均不符合语境。均不符合语境。That is what a hobby means,I guess.It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the_of it.

26、The value in dollars is not important;we do it for the pleasure it gives us.A.benefit B.good C.fun D.interest总结：总结：待填词与情境中的已知词构成异词同义或待填词与已知词属于同待填词与情境中的已知词构成异词同义或待填词与已知词属于同一范畴。一范畴。、反义词复现(高考浙江卷高考浙江卷，节选节选)Jeanne spoke_)Jeanne spoke_，and to encourage her and to encourage her to raise her voiceto raise h

27、er voice，I had saidI had said，“Speak up.SimonSpeak up.Simons the s the expert on expert on this.Hethis.He is the only one you have to convince is the only one you have to convince，and and he canhe cant hear you in the back of the room.t hear you in the back of the room.”3333A.quietly A.quietly B Bre

28、peatedly Crepeatedly Cquickly quickly D Dfirmlyfirmly【解析解析】由空后的由空后的to encourage her to raise her voiceto encourage her to raise her voice可知可知，珍珍妮是在轻声地妮是在轻声地(quietly)(quietly)作报告作报告，故故A A项正确。项正确。repeatedlyrepeatedly重复地；重复地；quicklyquickly迅速地；迅速地；firmlyfirmly坚定地坚定地，均不合语境。均不合语境。Many are concerned that g

29、ifted children become bored and lose interest in learning.However,this_is more often from parents and teachers than from students.A.concern B.conclusion C.reflection D.interest、同根词复现完形填空中经常会测试一些固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要用到完形填空中经常会测试一些固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要用到习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。(高考全国卷高考全国卷，节选节选)It _ me that

30、playing against the other)It _ me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.Iteam.I think it is a general principle.Experience is the think it is a general principle.Experience is the best t

31、eacher.best teacher.3737A.confusedA.confused B Bstruck Cstruck Creminded reminded D Dwarnedwarned【解析解析】It strikes/struck It strikes/struck sb.thatsb.that.“某人突然想起某人突然想起”,”,是是固定句式固定句式，itit是形式主语是形式主语，真正的主语是真正的主语是thatthat引导的从句。这里的引导的从句。这里的strikestrike可以换成可以换成hithit或或occur tooccur to。confuseconfuse使困惑使困惑

32、，remindremind提醒提醒，warnwarn警警告告，均与语境不符。，均与语境不符。文章前后往往存在逻辑关系，表现为并列、选择、转折、递进、因果、让步、条件、解释等，这些关系是判断前后句子间语义联系的关键。逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。利用逻辑关系隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。利用逻辑关系，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意逻辑关系，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而确定正确选项。义推测出来，从而确定正确选项。英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（

33、共59张）、句中逻辑关系(高考全国卷高考全国卷，节选节选)The lessons they learned may not)The lessons they learned may not be _ what they would have gotten in schoolbe _ what they would have gotten in school，but are but are certainly more personal and meaningfulcertainly more personal and meaningful，because they had to because

34、 they had to work them out on their own.work them out on their own.4040A.harmfulA.harmful to to B.mixedB.mixed with C.with C.different from different from D.appliedD.applied toto【解析解析】句意为句意为“她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别她们学到的经验可能与将在学校得到的并无区别(different from)(different from)，但一定更加个性化但一定更加个性化，更有意义更有意义，因为她们必须靠自

35、因为她们必须靠自己来弄清楚己来弄清楚”。be harmful tobe harmful to对对有有害；害；be mixed withbe mixed with与与混合；混合；be applied tobe applied to应用于。应用于。英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）Our father was a struggling lawyer,but I always knew he was special.He never criticized us,but used _to bring out our

36、best.A.help B.peace C.smile D.praise英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）、句间逻辑关系英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）(高考全国卷高考全国卷，节选节选)Where do you go when you want)Where do you go when you want

37、to learn something to learn something？SchoolSchool？A friendA friend？A tutorA tutor？These are These are all _ places of learning.But it may well be that the all _ places of learning.But it may well be that the learning you really want lies somewhere else instead.learning you really want lies somewher

38、e else instead.2121A.publicA.public B Btraditional Ctraditional Cofficial official D Dspecialspecial【解析解析】空格前的空格前的“School?A friend?A tutorSchool?A friend?A tutor？”所指的都是传所指的都是传统的统的(traditional)(traditional)我们可以求教的地方。我们可以求教的地方。publicpublic公共的；公共的；official official官方的；官方的；special special特殊的。特殊的。英语高考二轮复

39、习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）(2019全国I卷)About 4,000 meters is the highland_：gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）、段间逻辑关系(高考福建卷高考福建卷，节选

40、节选)Several years ago I received a letter from seventeen)Several years ago I received a letter from seventeenyearyearold Kerryold Kerry，who described herself as a worldwho described herself as a worldclass faultclass faultfinderfinder，almost always bothered by things.People were always doing things t

41、hat almost always bothered by things.People were always doing things that annoyed herannoyed her，and nothing was ever good enough.She was highly selfand nothing was ever good enough.She was highly selfcritical and also found fault with her friends.She became a really critical and also found fault wi

42、th her friends.She became a really boring person.boring person.Unfortunately Unfortunately，it took a horrible accident to change her_it took a horrible accident to change her_It It wasnwasnt until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry becam

43、e aware of her habit of finding fault.Very quicklyher habit of finding fault.Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshlyrather than to judge everything so harshly(刻薄刻薄)4141A.attitudeA.attitude B Bplan Cplan Cmeasure measure D

44、Dexplanationexplanation【解析解析】根据下文可知根据下文可知，在她最好的朋友经历了一次可怕的事故后在她最好的朋友经历了一次可怕的事故后,KerryKerry对事情对事情的的“态度态度(attitude)(attitude)”发生了改变发生了改变,故本空应选故本空应选attitudeattitude。planplan计划计划;measuremeasure措措施施;explanationexplanation解释。解释。英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解

45、题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）(1)转折关系：but,however,yet(然而),on the contrary,contrary to,contrarily,by(in)contrast(to),whereas,rather than,instead(of),unlike,in fact,actually弱转,conversely(2)让步关系：although,as,though,even though(if),ev

46、en,despite,in spite of,nevertheless,anyhow(anyway),as,while（虽然、尽管、即使）,still（尽管如此）(3)总结关系：in sum，in general,overall,to sum up，on the whole,generally(4)举例：for example、for instance、such as、including1010类逻辑关系词类逻辑关系词英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）(5)因果关系：because；in that 句子 表原

47、因;due to；thanks to；owing to名词 表原因；since；now that；ever since句子 表原因;because of；on account of；in response to 名词 表原因；lead to；contribute to；result in名词（前因后果）so that；such that；in order that句子 (强调目的、结果的因果)in view of；in the light of；by virtue of 名词 鉴于、由于put down to；ascribe to；attribute to；owe to 名词 归因于so；th

48、us；hence；therefore；consequently(as a consequence/as a result)句子 （因此）for,as,as a result of,with（由于，由于某种条件或原因的存在出现了某种结果）1010类逻辑关系词类逻辑关系词英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）(6)递进关系:still、also、indeed、furthermore（进一步）、moreover（而且、此外）、highlighting（突出、强调）、even（甚至、更）、besides(注意区分exce

49、pt),additionally,in addition,whats more(7)条件关系:if,provided/providing that,suppose,supposing,in case(of),in the event of,assume,so long as,unless,only if,when(8)并列关系:and（和）、as well as（也）、likewise（同样的）、while（与此同时）、similarly（类似地）、or（或者）、simultaneously（同时发生地）、meanwhile（同时）、in the meantime、neithernor,eit

50、heror,not onlybut also、morethan（9）列举:first,then,on one hand,someothersstill others（10）时间关系:when,since,as,meanwhile,at the same time1010类逻辑关系词类逻辑关系词英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）英语高考二轮复习专题：完形填空特点及解题技巧课件（共59张）在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，细在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，细心找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、心找出能够