（精编）斜视检查法课件.ppt

1、病史病史n 发病过程：发病过程：先天还是后天，突然还是逐渐发生，复视、斜颈，斜度是否稳定，是好转还是加重，变化等，何种治疗等。n 个人史：个人史：其他疾病n 家族史：家族史：家族倾向眼位检查眼位检查l定性检查：定性检查：交替遮盖遮盖去遮盖l定量检查：定量检查：角膜映光法遮盖加三棱镜法马氏杆法同视机检查交替遮闭法交替遮闭法l 主要是发现2o以上的某种类型的斜视倾向l 不能区分隐斜和显斜l 非遮盖眼注视视标后才能把遮挡板移向该眼l 结果判定遮盖去遮盖试验遮盖去遮盖试验l 检查目的检查目的：是隐斜还是显斜的判断 第一斜角和第二斜角 何眼为注视眼。l 检查方法检查方法：遮挡超过5秒时间 同方法遮闭另眼

2、遮盖去遮盖试验遮盖去遮盖试验l结果判断结果判断隐斜显斜第一、二斜角相等。第一、二斜角不一致注视眼 角膜映光法角膜映光法角膜映光法角膜映光法lKappa角的影响l检查距离l三棱镜角膜映光法（krimisky法）：单眼不能固视遮盖加三棱镜法遮盖加三棱镜法l检查目的：检查目的：他觉的斜视度l检查方法：检查方法：先用交替遮闭法，再用三棱镜中和l结果判断：结果判断：内斜、外斜、垂直斜马氏杆检查马氏杆检查l检查目的：检查目的：自觉的斜视度的定量检查，要求有双眼单视，正常视网膜对应。l方法：方法：单马氏杆加三棱镜：暗室，二眼分别注视，远近不同距离，水平和垂直均查，三棱镜的尖向灯光的方向。双马氏杆：旋转偏斜双

3、马氏杆双马氏杆l检查目的：旋转斜度的定量检查。检查目的：旋转斜度的定量检查。l检查方法：将个马氏杆同方向放在试镜架上并检查方法：将个马氏杆同方向放在试镜架上并置于二眼前，注视灯光目标后观察二眼的光线条置于二眼前，注视灯光目标后观察二眼的光线条是否平行或倾斜，如有倾斜，移动一侧马氏杆使是否平行或倾斜，如有倾斜，移动一侧马氏杆使之二线平行，所移动角度会在试镜架上的刻度上之二线平行，所移动角度会在试镜架上的刻度上显示出来。显示出来。l结果判断：一眼鼻侧线高、颞侧线低时为内旋，结果判断：一眼鼻侧线高、颞侧线低时为内旋，反之为外旋反之为外旋，Maddox杆法杆法:判断有无隐斜或显斜判断有无隐斜或显斜条条

4、件件:双双眼眼单单视视条条件件:双双眼眼单单视视三棱镜加三棱镜加Maddox杆法杆法(右眼右眼前前Maddox杆杆)R/L内(隐)斜视外(隐)斜视下(隐)斜视上(隐)斜视900100双双Maddox杆试验杆试验测量旋转偏斜测量旋转偏斜外外旋旋内内鼻侧线高、颞侧线低时为内旋，反之为外旋 眼球运动检查眼球运动检查l双眼运动l单眼运动lA-V运动双眼运动检查双眼运动检查l检查目的检查目的：一组配偶肌的协调情况l检查方法检查方法：映光法和运动法。l结果判断结果判断：光点高，眼位低，眼球由上向下动为较强，由下向上动为较弱六条眼外肌的主要作用方向六条眼外肌的主要作用方向 内内 外外RMRRLRRSR、LI

5、ORIO、LSRRSO、LIRRIR、LSO单眼运动检查单眼运动检查l检查目的：检查目的：某条肌肉基本功能及代偿情况l检查方法：检查方法：遮闭一眼后，另眼在各方面做运动，观察眼球运动是否到位。l结果判断：结果判断：内转:瞳孔内缘达上下泪小点连线。外转:角膜外缘达外眦角。上转:角膜下缘达内外眦连线。下转:角膜上缘达内外眦连线。A-VA-V运动运动l 检查目的：检查目的：通过大角度上下运动，考虑同名肌功能的状况，是否存在垂直非共同性。l 检查方法：检查方法：检查时上下转可超过25 o运动l 结果判断：结果判断：V征：双上直肌不足或双下斜肌过强时 A征：双下直肌不足或双上斜肌过强时双眼视功能检查双眼

6、视功能检查lWorthWorth四点试验四点试验lBagoliniBagolini线状镜线状镜l4 4底向外三棱镜试验底向外三棱镜试验l同视机检查同视机检查orth四孔灯四孔灯主眼主眼 Bagolini Bagolini线状镜线状镜线状镜可检查视网膜对应情况，可利用线状镜某些特性做旋转斜度的定性检查。图 Bagolini线状镜线状镜12345674 4底向外三棱镜试验底向外三棱镜试验 l检查目的检查目的 检查微小度数斜视检查微小度数斜视 中心凹部位是否存在抑制中心凹部位是否存在抑制l检查方法：检查方法：让病人注视让病人注视33cm33cm处的点光源，将处的点光源，将4 4底向底向外的三棱镜迅速

7、置于一眼前，若检查眼有轻度内转，外的三棱镜迅速置于一眼前，若检查眼有轻度内转，对侧眼有轻度外传，此为正常。若双眼均不动，说明对侧眼有轻度外传，此为正常。若双眼均不动，说明检查眼有中央抑制性暗点。若检查眼有轻度内转，对检查眼有中央抑制性暗点。若检查眼有轻度内转，对侧眼不动，说明对侧眼有中央抑制性暗点。侧眼不动，说明对侧眼有中央抑制性暗点。同视机检查同视机检查l同视机的组成同视机的组成l检查用画片检查用画片l检查目的检查目的l检查方法检查方法l结果判定结果判定同视机的组成同视机的组成 检查用画片检查用画片l同时视画片同时视画片l融合画片融合画片l立体视画片立体视画片l特殊画片：特殊画片：十字画片，

8、后象画片，十字画片，后象画片，KappaKappa角画片角画片 特殊画片特殊画片l十字画片lKappa角画片l后像画片 右右 左左客观角：交替熄客观角：交替熄灭一眼的注视画灭一眼的注视画片，至眼球不动片，至眼球不动主观斜视角：主观斜视角：重合点重合点同视机画片经机臂的反光镜反射于目镜上（目镜一般为同视机画片经机臂的反光镜反射于目镜上（目镜一般为+6.57.00D)光线近乎平行状态光线近乎平行状态,故应为视远的斜视角，故应为视远的斜视角，但病人的心理作用，常常有调节的存在。但病人的心理作用，常常有调节的存在。1 同时视同时视正常的集合范围：正常的集合范围：，分开范围：，分开范围：，垂直分开范围：

9、垂直分开范围：，旋转融合范围，旋转融合范围.融合融合检查结果分析检查结果分析l眼位偏斜度数最大的方位即为麻痹肌所眼位偏斜度数最大的方位即为麻痹肌所在处，或为眼球运动受限明显处。在处，或为眼球运动受限明显处。l水平肌的功能状态可在左右注视位上表水平肌的功能状态可在左右注视位上表现出来，现出来，l垂直度或旋转度可在左上、左下、右上、垂直度或旋转度可在左上、左下、右上、右下位置上表现出来。右下位置上表现出来。lA-VA-V征的检查征的检查 水平斜视检查水平斜视检查L -5L -5 o o -10 -10 o o -25 -25 o o R R左内直肌麻痹垂直斜视检查垂直斜视检查麻痹性斜视的其它检查麻

10、痹性斜视的其它检查l复视像检查复视像检查l代偿头位代偿头位lParksParks三步法三步法l歪头试验歪头试验l牵拉试验牵拉试验l眼底照相眼底照相复视像复视像l检查目的：自觉定性眼球运动障碍检查目的：自觉定性眼球运动障碍l检查方法：一眼前放红绿镜片检查方法：一眼前放红绿镜片l结果判定：第一眼位复视是垂直还结果判定：第一眼位复视是垂直还是水平；哪方向注视分离最大；是水平；哪方向注视分离最大；周边物像属哪眼。周边物像属哪眼。左左右右眼上斜肌麻痹右眼上斜肌麻痹右右眼上直肌麻痹右眼上直肌麻痹右眼外直肌麻痹右眼外直肌麻痹右眼内直肌麻痹右眼内直肌麻痹代偿头位检查代偿头位检查l检查目的：协助麻痹性斜视的诊断

11、检查目的：协助麻痹性斜视的诊断l检查方法：患者保持正常视物习惯，检查方法：患者保持正常视物习惯，检查者望诊。检查者望诊。l结果判断：结果判断：面向左右转：代偿水平面向左右转：代偿水平下颏内收或上抬：代偿垂直下颏内收或上抬：代偿垂直头向某肩倾：为代偿旋转头向某肩倾：为代偿旋转ParksParks三步法三步法l检查目的：可简便快捷的诊断垂直肌的异常检查目的：可简便快捷的诊断垂直肌的异常l检查方法：检查方法：区分上斜是右眼还是左眼区分上斜是右眼还是左眼左侧注视与右侧注视时哪侧斜度大左侧注视与右侧注视时哪侧斜度大头向左或右侧倾斜，哪侧为阳性（歪头试验头向左或右侧倾斜，哪侧为阳性（歪头试验）结果判断结果

12、判断l若上斜为右眼，表明右上斜肌、下直肌、若上斜为右眼，表明右上斜肌、下直肌、左上直肌、左下斜肌麻痹。左上直肌、左下斜肌麻痹。l左侧注视垂直偏位变大，可表明为右上斜左侧注视垂直偏位变大，可表明为右上斜肌及左上直肌麻痹。肌及左上直肌麻痹。l头向右肩倾斜时，歪头试验阳性，说明右头向右肩倾斜时，歪头试验阳性，说明右上斜肌麻痹。上斜肌麻痹。歪头试验（歪头试验（Bilschowky testBilschowky test）l检查目的：用来鉴别斜肌与直肌麻痹检查目的：用来鉴别斜肌与直肌麻痹l检查方法：当头向某肩倾斜的代偿头位检查方法：当头向某肩倾斜的代偿头位时，可将头位向反方向倾斜，对比观察，时，可将头位

13、向反方向倾斜，对比观察，有无眼球上下转现象。有无眼球上下转现象。牵拉试验牵拉试验l检查目的：检查目的：鉴别肌肉麻痹、挛缩或机械性障碍鉴别肌肉麻痹、挛缩或机械性障碍视网膜对应判断视网膜对应判断了解术后复视的影响了解术后复视的影响l检查方法：滴表面麻醉药后，用镊子夹做一检查方法：滴表面麻醉药后，用镊子夹做一侧角膜缘向受累肌方向运动或反方向运动，侧角膜缘向受累肌方向运动或反方向运动，看是否有张力出现。看是否有张力出现。结果判断结果判断l主动牵拉试验：夹住受限侧，并对抗受主动牵拉试验：夹住受限侧，并对抗受累肌的收缩力量，如收缩力不足，说明累肌的收缩力量，如收缩力不足，说明肌肉麻痹明显。肌肉麻痹明显。l

14、被动牵拉试验：夹住受限侧角膜缘，并被动牵拉试验：夹住受限侧角膜缘，并向受累肌方向运动，如有张力出现，说向受累肌方向运动，如有张力出现，说明对抗肌挛缩或有机械性限制。明对抗肌挛缩或有机械性限制。l检查目的：检查目的：分析旋转斜度l检查方法：检查方法：中心窝与视盘中心线的位置关系。l结果判断：结果判断：正常黄斑中心窝位于视盘颞侧缘 外2.5PD视盘下1/3处，向下移位 过多说明有外旋，向上移位则说 明有内旋。眼底照相检查眼底照相检查F2F1F3F1正常F2内旋F3外旋内 旋外 旋检查应注意的问题检查应注意的问题l麻痹性斜视的检查应侧重运动功能方面的检麻痹性斜视的检查应侧重运动功能方面的检查查l先天

15、麻痹性斜视常以代偿头位表现为主，后先天麻痹性斜视常以代偿头位表现为主，后天麻痹性斜视常以复视症状为主天麻痹性斜视常以复视症状为主l后天突发性斜视要注重全身状况检查后天突发性斜视要注重全身状况检查l外伤因素并有意识丧失者，注意双侧神经麻外伤因素并有意识丧失者，注意双侧神经麻痹后所致旋转性斜视痹后所致旋转性斜视Ezra Pound(1885-1972)the father of modern American poetry the most influential leader of the Imagist Movement He had ennormous influence on the mo

16、dernist writers in Britain and America after WWII.Imagism(意象派诗歌)Imagism came into being in Britain and U.S.around 1910 as a reaction to the traditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmentation and dislocation.The imagists,with Ezra Pound leading the way,hold that the most effective means

17、 to express these momentary impressions is through the use of one dominant image.Imagism(意象派诗歌)1.free verse 2.economy of expression;to use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation;3.each word must be an image seen and there must be a dominant image 4.Imagism was equivalent to

18、naturalism in fiction.Imagism tired to record objective observations of an object or a situation without interpretaion or comment by the poet.The strange groupings of words show how life can be broken into somehow meaningless clusters.Pounds Life ExperienceslBorn in Idaho and raised in Wyncote,Phila

19、delphia.lAt the age of twelve,Pound entered a military school,where he learned Greek and Latin.lHe then studied languages at the University of Pennsylvania,and befriended there William Carlos Williams.lFrom 1903 to 1906 Pound studied Anglo-Saxon and Romance languages at Hamilton College.lIn 1908 Pou

20、nd travelled widely in Europe.He founded with Richard Aldington(1892-1962)and others the literary Imagism,and edited its first anthology,Des Imagistes(1914).l 1920,Pound moved to Paris.l Four years later,he settled in Italy.l 1933,He met Mussolini and saw in him the long-needed economic and social r

21、eformer.l During World War II,he made a series of hysterical and bitter radio broadcasts,that were openly fascist.l In 1945 he was arrested by the U.S.forces.l Pound spent 12 years in Washington in a hospital for the criminally insane,but continued writing inside.l Later,the charges against him were

22、 dropped,and Pound returned to Italy.He died in Venice in 1972.Pounds Major Literary Works Two translations:1)The Seafarer 水手船员水手船员based on translations from older Chinese poets like Li Bai 2)Cathay 华夏集华夏集神州集神州集 中国诗章中国诗章Pounds Major Literary Works 3)Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 休休赛尔温赛尔温毛伯利毛伯利 Deplored the

23、western civilization in the Great War and its aftermath.Pounds Major Literary Works4)The Cantos 诗章诗章 encyclopedicepic poem 5)“In a Station of the Metro”在地铁站里在地铁站里It explores western civilization from the classical past through the medieval period and the Renaissance to the modern age,and describes r

24、emedies for its cultural ills.In a Station of the MetroIn a Station of the Metro 在地铁站在地铁站The The apparition apparition of these faces in the crowd;of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet,black bough Petals on a wet,black bough 人群中这些面孔幽灵一般显现；人群中这些面孔幽灵一般显现；湿漉漉的黑色枝条上许多花瓣。湿漉漉的黑色枝条上许多花瓣。Study Questio

25、ns 1.What is the dominant image in this poem?the apparition 2.Why does the poet call the faces of pedestrians apparition?impersonality,haste of city life 3.What do the poet compare the faces in the metro to?petals on a wet,black bough.4.What does this metaphor reveal about life?great transience of h

26、uman life,beautiful,but last briefly.Writing background:In a station of the Metro is an imagist poem by Ezra Pound published in 1913 in Poetry诗歌.The poem attempts to describe Pounds experience upon visiting an underground metro station in Paris in 1912.Pound suggested that the faces of the individua

27、ls in the metro were best put into a poem not with a description but with an“equation”.Because of the treatment of the subjects appearance by way of the poems own,it is considered 在地铁站在地铁站:人潮中这些面容的忽现；湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。人潮中这些面容的忽现；湿巴巴的黑树丫上的花瓣。(罗池罗池)地铁车站地铁车站:人群中这些脸庞的幻影；潮湿黝黑的树枝上的花瓣。人群中这些脸庞的幻影；潮湿黝黑的树枝上的花瓣。(成婴成

28、婴)地铁车站地铁车站:人群中这些面庞的闪现；湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。人群中这些面庞的闪现；湿漉的黑树干上的花瓣。(赵毅衡赵毅衡)在地铁车站在地铁车站:这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数这几张脸在人群中幻景般闪现；湿漉漉的黑树枝上花瓣数点。点。(飞白飞白)地铁站里地铁站里:出现在人群里这一张张面孔；湿的黑树枝上的一片片花瓣。出现在人群里这一张张面孔；湿的黑树枝上的一片片花瓣。(张子清张子清)人群里这些脸忽然闪现；花丛在一条湿黑的树枝。人群里这些脸忽然闪现；花丛在一条湿黑的树枝。(流沙河流沙河)人群中，这些面孔的鬼影；潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣。人群中，这些面孔的鬼影；潮湿的黑树枝上的花瓣

29、。(余光中）余光中）这些面孔浮现于人群；花瓣潮湿的黑树枝。这些面孔浮现于人群；花瓣潮湿的黑树枝。(颜元叔颜元叔)众中梦幻身影，黝湿枝头疏花。众中梦幻身影，黝湿枝头疏花。(吴其尧吴其尧)In a Station of the MetroCharacteristics of His Writing Pounds poetry is best known for its clear,such as,in Canto LXXXI,“The ants a centaur in his dragon world,”or in poems inspired by Japanese haiku(俳句）,suc

30、h as“In a Station of the Metro”(1916).Literary Influence:Mentorship l Pound spent much of his time concerned with promoting the careers of many of the great writers of the time and was a key figure in the publication of many influential works,he provided invaluable feedback to on the manuscript of,a

31、nd he encouraged and others as well.l Pound was one of the most opinionated and unselfish men who ever lived,and he made friends and enemies everywhere by the simple exercise of the classic American constitutional right of free speech.”Katherine Anne Porter,Influences on Imagism Greek poetry French

32、symbolism Chinese poetry Japanese poetryAncient China The greatest cultural influence over Pound came perhaps from ancient China,especially Confucius（孔子）.A Chinese imagist poetry Thoughts on Autumn To the tune of Sky Scouring SandA withered vine,an old trees gaunt and a raven croaking on high;A smal

33、l bridge,the murmuring water and a thatched cottage nearby;An ancient path,the west wind and a bony horse is heard to neigh;Lo!The sun sets today;At the earth-end a heart-broken traveler plods his weary way.(辜正坤 译)天净沙天净沙秋思秋思马致远马致远 枯藤、老树、昏鸦，小桥、流水、人家，枯藤、老树、昏鸦，小桥、流水、人家，古道、西风、瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯。古道、西风、瘦马，夕阳西

34、下，断肠人在天涯。意象并置意象并置孤独、凄凉和忧伤的氛围孤独、凄凉和忧伤的氛围意象并置意象并置(Juxtaposition of images)柳永：柳永：“今宵酒醒何处？杨柳岸今宵酒醒何处？杨柳岸,晓风残月晓风残月”王维使至塞上：王维使至塞上：“大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆大漠孤烟直，长河落日圆”柳宗元江雪柳宗元江雪:“千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。孤舟笠翁，独钓寒江雪。孤舟笠翁，独钓寒江雪。”温庭筠温庭筠：“鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜”贺铸：贺铸：“一川烟草，满城风絮，梅子黄时雨一川烟草，满城风絮，梅子黄时雨”司空曙：司空曙：“雨中黄叶树，灯下白头人雨中黄叶树

35、，灯下白头人”马戴：马戴：“落叶他乡村，寒灯独夜人落叶他乡村，寒灯独夜人”辛弃疾：辛弃疾：“照影溪梅，怅绝代、幽人独立照影溪梅，怅绝代、幽人独立”白居易长恨歌白居易长恨歌：“玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨枝春带雨”。(同样，前一句写面孔，后一句写同样，前一句写面孔，后一句写的是花。的是花。)山东山水诗人孔孚（1925-1997）泉边泉边 掬一捧水 洗一洗眼睛 心也绿了 is a Japanese poem with 1.A haiku has syllables，ordered into three lines of five,seven,and five syllabl

36、es2.Use of a season word(kigo)（季语）（季语）3.The topic of a haiku poem usually deals with Examples of An old silent pond A frog jumps into the pond,Splash!silence again.古池古池（）（）古池蛙飞込水音古池蛙飞込水音 松尾芭蕉（松尾芭蕉（1644-16941644-1694）俳聖）俳聖訳文：闲寂古池旁，訳文：闲寂古池旁，青蛙跃进水中央，青蛙跃进水中央，水声扑通响。水声扑通响。The Red WheelbarrowSo much depend

37、supona red wheelbarrowglazed with rainwaterbeside the whitechickens.William Carlos WilliamsWilliam Carlos Williams1883-1963红色手推车红色手推车那么多东西依靠一辆红色手推车雨水淋得它晶亮旁边是一群白鸡那么多东西仰仗这辆红色的手推车运送雨水浇得它浑身溜滑旁边有几只白鸡选自彭予编译二十世纪英美抒情诗选(1874 1963)the most popular American poet of the 20th century.His poetry focuses on the la

38、ndscape and people in New England.He combined tradtional verse forms with a clear American local speech rhythm,forming his own characteristics.Profound ideas are conveyed under the disguise of the plain language and simple form.New England 新英格兰Main Works“Home Burial”埋葬 A Boys Will 1913 少年的意志 North o

39、f Boston,1914 波士顿以北 Mountain Interval,1916 山间 West-Running Brook(1928)西去的溪流 A Further Range 1936 又一片牧场 A Masque of Reason 理智的假面具 In the Clearing 林间空地Frosts best-known poems Mending Wall 补墙 “Good fences make good neighbours”好篱笆造出好邻家 “The Road Not Taken”没有选择的路 “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”雪夜林

40、边驻脚 “Death of the Hired Man”雇工之死Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening By Robert Frost 雪夜林畔小驻雪夜林畔小驻（译）余光中（译）余光中Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening By Robert FrostHe gives his harness bells a shake,CTo ask if there is some mistake.CThe only other sounds the sweep,DOf easy wind and downy flake.CThe woo

41、ds are lovely,dark,and deep,DBut I have promises to keep,DAnd miles to go before I sleep,DAnd miles to go before I sleep.D雪夜林畔小驻雪夜林畔小驻（译）余光中（译）余光中他摇一摇身上的串铃，问我这地方该不该停。此外只有轻风拂雪面，再也听不见其他声音。森林又暗又深真可羡，但我还要守一些承诺，还要赶多少路才安眠，还要赶多少路才安眠。江雪 唐。柳宗元 千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭；孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。（the solitary state)Fire and Ice 1.Some s

42、ay the world will end in fire,A 2.Some say in ice,B 3.From what Ive tasted of desire,A 4.I hold those who favor fire.A 5.But if it had to perish twice,B 6.I think I know enough of hate,C 7.To say that for destruction ice,B 8.Is also great C 9.And would suffice.B冰与火冰与火有人说世界将结束于熊熊烈焰，有人则说结束于凛凛寒冰。欲望如火，体

43、会其烈，则知世之归于火为我所愿。但若其必两度遭逢毁灭，我知恨之极至，毁灭之冰，同样魁伟，同样足够 The poem contains three units of end rhyme.The first unit consists of lines 1,3,and 4.The second consists of lines 2,5,7,and 9.The third consists of lines 6 and 8.Frost wrote“Fire and Ice”in iambic tetrameter/抑扬格四音步(lines 1,3,4,5,6,and 7)and iambic di

44、meter/抑扬格二音步(lines 2,8,and 9).In iambic dimeter,a line has two pairs of syllables,each pair with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.The first two lines of the poem demonstrate the tetrameter-dimeter format.1 2 3 4 Some SAY|the WORLD|will END|in FIRE 1 2 Some SAY|in ICE The most n

45、oticeable literary device used in Frosts Fire and Ice is.The words and ice are compared to mans and.Some say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.I hold with those who favor fire.Some say the world will end in fire,Some say in ice.But if it had to perish twice.Two roads diverged in a yellow wo

46、od,AAnd sorry I could not travel both B And be one traveler,long I stood AAnd looked down one as far as I could ATo where it bent in the undergrowth;B黄色的树林里分出两条路，黄色的树林里分出两条路，可惜我不能同时去涉足，可惜我不能同时去涉足，我在那路口久久伫立，我在那路口久久伫立，我向着一条路极目望去，我向着一条路极目望去，直到它消失在丛林深处。直到它消失在丛林深处。Then took the other,as just as fair,CAnd

47、 having perhaps the better claim,D Because it was grassy and wanted wear;CThough as for that the passing there CHad worn them really about the same,D但我却选了另外一条路，但我却选了另外一条路，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂，显得更诱人、更美丽，显得更诱人、更美丽，虽然在这两条小路上，虽然在这两条小路上，都很少留下旅人的足迹，都很少留下旅人的足迹，And both that morning equally lay EIn leaves

48、no step had trodden black.FOh,I kept the first for another day!EYet knowing how way leads on to way,EI doubted if I should ever come back.F虽然那天清晨落叶满地，虽然那天清晨落叶满地，两条路都未经脚印污染。两条路都未经脚印污染。呵，留下一条路等改日再见！呵，留下一条路等改日再见！但我知道路径延绵无尽头，但我知道路径延绵无尽头，恐怕我难以再回返。恐怕我难以再回返。I shall be telling this with a sigh GSomewhere ag

49、es and ages hence:HTwo roads diverged in a wood,and I-GI took the one less traveled by,G And that has made all the difference.H 也许多少年后在某个地方，也许多少年后在某个地方，我将轻声叹息把往事回顾，我将轻声叹息把往事回顾，一片树林里分出两条路，一片树林里分出两条路，而我选了人迹更少的一条，而我选了人迹更少的一条，从此决定了我一生的道路。从此决定了我一生的道路。(1)All his life,Frost was concerned with constructions

50、 through poetry.“a momentary stay against confusion”.(2)He understands the terror and tragedy in nature,but also its beauty.(3)Unlike the English romantic poets of 19th century,he didnt believe that man could find harmony with nature.He believed that serenity came from working,usually amid natural f