句子成分和简单句五种基本句式(共26张)课件.ppt

1、英语句子成分句子成分思维导图句子成分思维导图句子成分定义：句子成分定义：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。1.I met my best friend Tom at school yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语 主语（主语（subject）表明句子说的是谁或什么情况表明句子说的是谁或什么情况一般可由名词一般可由名词,动名词动名词,动词不定式动词不定式,代词代词,数词等充当数词等充当 Jane is good at pl

2、aying the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short

3、time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is important to have a healthy lifestyle.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名词化的形容词）名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，不定式才是真正主语）形式主语，不定式才是真正主语）谓语谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特

4、征说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt like dancing.找出句中谓语找出句中谓语We are both quiet.I get up at six oclock.I can play the guitar.They didnt exercise yesterday.（动

5、词）（动词）（动词词组）（动词词组）（助动词（助动词+动词）动词）(情态动词情态动词+动词）动词）Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the poor to hospital.They wanted to go to Hainan.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者

6、动作的对象或承受者一般位于及物动词或介词的后面一般位于及物动词或介词的后面 宾语一般可由名词宾语一般可由名词,动名词动名词,动词不定式动词不定式,代词代词,数词等充当数词等充当（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.He writes a letter.Th

7、ank you.I hate skating.Im planning to take a vacation.It depends on where you are.（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(动名词动名词)找出句中宾语找出句中宾语（不定式）（不定式）（宾语从句）（宾语从句）（四）表语（四）表语（1）在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语be 动词动词 感官系动词感官系动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel)变化系动词（变化系动词（译成译成“变得变得”get,grow,turn,become）持续系动词（持续系动词（译成译成“保持保持”keep,stay,rem

8、ain）（2）一般可由名词一般可由名词,形容词形容词,动名词动名词,动词不定式动词不定式,代词代词,数词数词,介词短语等充当介词短语等充当1.I am a doctor.2.That sounds interesting.3.Please keep quiet.4.We will become successful.5.I dont feel well.1.Our teacher of English is an American.2.Is it yours?3.The weather gets cold.4.The speech is exciting.5.Three times seven

9、 is twenty one?找出句中表语找出句中表语（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（形容词）（形容词）(分词）分词）（数词）（数词）（五）定语（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句一般可由一般可由 形容词形容词,非谓语动词非谓语动词,名词名词,数词数词,冠词冠词,介词介词短语等充当短语等充当 He is a clever boy.His father is reading a story book.There are 57students in our class.Do you know bettys sister?He has a good e

10、ating habit.There is a sleeping baby in bed.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you

11、know the man who shopped just now?（六）状语（六）状语用来修饰动词用来修饰动词,形容词形容词,副词副词 或或 整个句子的成分整个句子的成分一般可由一般可由 副词副词 或或 介词短语介词短语 充当充当 We will have robots at home in 10 years.They are playing in the park.He was late because he got up late.He often went to school by bus.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is v

12、ery interesting.I found the book interesting.I saw her playing the piano in the morning.He made the boy cry.（七）宾语补足语（七）宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。（八）同位语（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect th

13、e old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句句子成分思维导图句子成分思维导图简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型1.主语主语+谓语（不及物动词）谓语（不及物动词）（1）The sun rises.太阳升起来。（2）The car stopped.小汽车停下来了。rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。2.主语主语

14、+谓语谓语+宾语宾语(主谓宾主谓宾)I love my country.He helps me.I like action movies.I buy a book.3.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语(主系表主系表)（1）Her brother is a driver.（2）We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到）（3）It gets dark.天黑了。（get为系动词，表示变得）（4）Tom looks ill.Tom看上去病了。（look为系动词,表示看上去,看起来）系动词：系动词：be 动词动词 感官系动词感官系动词(look,sound,smell,taste,fee

15、l)变化系动词（变化系动词（译成译成“变得变得”get,grow,turn,become）持续系动词（持续系动词（译成译成“保持保持”keep,stay,remain）4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+直接宾语直接宾语+间接宾语间接宾语(主谓主谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾)“给”字句 He gives Tom a present.（双宾语）他给汤姆一件礼物。Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语）妈妈给我做了一件衣服。buy sb.sth.买给某人某物lend sb.sth.借给某人某物pass sb.sth.递给某人某物teach sb.sth.教给某人某物tell

16、sb.sth.告诉某人某事5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补)They call her Mary.（宾补）他们叫她Mary。We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补）我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。He always makes us laugh.（宾补）他总使我们笑。简单句五种基本句型小结：简单句五种基本句型小结：基本句型基本句型意义意义例句例句备注备注主主-谓谓什么怎么了He laughed.The sun rises.主谓主谓宾，不可互换，主谓结构的谓语动词是不及物动词，即后面不能直接跟宾语主主

17、-谓谓-宾宾什么干什么I miss you.You hurt me.主谓宾结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，即后面必须跟宾语主主-系系-表表什么是什么什么是什么样的He is a student.She is beautiful.主语就是描述的对象系=是（直接&间接）表=adj.&n.主主-谓谓-间宾间宾-直宾直宾方向+对象“给”字句Mr.Li told us an interesting story.1.间宾：动作的方向2.直宾：动作的对象（间人直物）（间人直物）主主-谓谓-宾宾-宾宾补补宾没说完，对宾语进行补充说明The news makes him happy.We must keep our school clean.练一练：判断以下句子属于哪种句式？1 I dont like movies2.The children are playing in the park.3.The girl in red is my sister.4.The bird is singing happily.5.We call the baby panda SASA.6.My father bought me a new bike.1.主谓2.主谓宾3.主系表4.主谓宾宾5.主谓宾宾补主谓宾主谓宾主谓主谓主系表主系表主谓主谓主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾主谓宾宾