高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解课件.ppt

1、 句子成分及练习句子成分及练习 英语的词性：名词名词(noun)n.代词代词(pronoun)pron.实词实词 数词数词(numeral)num.形容词形容词(adjective)adj.或或a.副词副词(adverb)adv.动词动词(verb)v 冠词冠词(article)art.虚词虚词 介词介词(preposition)prep.连词连词(conjunction)conj.感叹词感叹词(interjection)inter.句子成分句子成分 句子成分的定义：句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分

2、和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语、次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语和表语、同位语和插入语插入语。（一）主语：（一）主语：主语主语(Subject)表示句子说的是什么人或什么事表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名

3、词化的代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich

4、should help the poor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)试一试：指出下列句中主语

5、的中心词指出下列句中主语的中心词.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（二）谓语（二）谓语 谓语谓语

6、(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：成。如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（二）谓语（二）谓语 高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二

7、轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)(二二).选出句中谓语的中心词选出句中谓语的中心词.I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.There will be a meeting at the library this afterno

8、on.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homework What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.yo

9、u D.is We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?A.give B.did C.whom D.book 高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（三）表语（三）表语 表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动

10、词（如它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：及表语从句表示。例如：高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形

11、容词）（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）（数词）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）（动名词）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Time is up.The class is over.（副词）（副词

12、）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，例如：例如：He is a teacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，

13、主要有或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：例如：He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，这一概念，主要有主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：He seems(to be)very sad.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征和身份等。

14、4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.5）变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：The river was beginning to run dry.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达表达“结果是结果是;证明是证明是”，之，之意，例如：意，例如：The rumor(谣言）谣言

15、）proved false.His plan turned out a success.挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语-The old man was feeling very tired.-The leaves have turned yellow.-Soon They all became interested in the subject.-My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university.（四）宾语（四）宾语 宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例

16、如：般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think

17、（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：等，例如：He sent the novel to William yesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,

18、get,order,post,save等，例如：等，例如：She bought a gift for her mother.（2）复合宾语（宾语）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any

19、message for me?直宾指物直宾指物 间宾指人间宾指人 下列动词只能接不定式做宾语下列动词只能接不定式做宾语 ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：等，如：He refused to lend me his bike.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语下列动词只能接动名词做宾语 admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse

20、,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：等，如：John has admitted breaking the window.下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如宾语，但意义不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。等。forget to do表示表示“未发生的动作未发生的动作”，forget doing表示表示“已完成的动作已完成的动作”。如：。如：Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来还没来)I

21、forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了书已还给他了)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill.（五）宾语补足语（五）宾语补足语 宾语补足语（宾语补足语（Object Complement），），用于补充说明宾语的动作，

22、一般位于宾用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。可以接复合宾语的动词有：合宾语。可以接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“宾补宾补”一般可由名一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：词短语和从句充当。例如：高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They pain

23、ted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63

24、张PPT)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)（六）定语（六）定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：定语可由以下等成分表示

25、：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词（形容词）2.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词（分词）3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）（代词）高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)5.Our monitor is always the f

26、irst person to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）（动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)高考英语二轮复习：句子成分讲解(共63张PPT)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语

27、1.What is your last name?2.I am afraid some people forgot to clean the floor.3.The man in the gym was trying to sleep.4.Gym is a place where you can exercise and have fun.（七）状语（七）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Light travels

28、 most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin,you must continue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）9种状语种类如下：1.How about meeting again at six?2

29、.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I

30、 must work harder.7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8.She works very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.The man on the motorbike was traveling too f

31、ast.He began to learn English when he was eleven.(八)同位语:(Appositive)一个名词或代词后面有时可跟一个名词（或起类似作用的其他内容），对前者作进一步的解释,说明它指的是什么等，叫做同位语。可充当同位语的由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。1.This is Mr.Zhou,director of our hospital.2.You girls may take those seats over there.3.Word came that our team won.1.She herself said so.2

32、.They both look beautiful.3.Are you two ready.4.His suggestion,to go home,has met with some opposition.idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt等词后常接同位语从句。I had no idea that you were here.(10)插入语：它是指插在句子中的词语，通常是对一句话作出一些附加的解释。1.When do you suppose they1.When do you suppose theyll be back.ll be back.2.

33、Where did they suggest we should go 2.Where did they suggest we should go during the summer holiday?during the summer holiday?常做插入语的结构有：I think,I hope,Im afraid,I believe,I suppose,I wonder,you see,you know,dont you think,dont you know,I tell you,it seems,it seems to me,it is said,it is suggested 等。

34、(3)做插入语的还可以是不定式、现在分词、介词短语、形容词、副词或从句。1.To be frank,I dont agree with you.2.Strictly speaking,you are wrong.3.This,in my opinion,is only a simple question.4.By the way,where is Xiao Li.5.Sure enough,enemy planes came again the next day.6.Honestly,I dont need it at the moment.7.You are not quite fit fo

35、r this kind of work,if I may say so.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语英语句子的类型英语句子的类型 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句只有一个主谓结构只有一个主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构有两个或两个以上主谓结构一个主句加一个或几个从句一个主句加一个或几个从句二二.五种简单基本句型五种简单基本句型 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动

36、词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语 Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语 2）The city will become rich.主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语l在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：“

37、变化变化”类：类：_.“感官感官”类类:_.“持续持续”类：类：_.其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _(证明是证明是)_get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remainseem appearturn out/prove(to be)1主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语Exercises 你的故事听起来很有趣。_.把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_.这个计划证明是可行的。_.Your story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into f

38、ridge,or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved（to be)practical.2主语+谓语1）Building has started.主语 谓语2）The train leaves at 7:40.主语 谓语 搭配：The teacher teaches well.The child walks very slowly.搭配：The girl looked at the picture.The children ran to the fores

39、t.动词副词动词副词动词介词动词介词Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘 里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴._ _.Every day I get up early,walk to the park and sit on the bench.The birds sing happily in the tree,the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoy myself.3主语+谓语+宾语1）The boss employed five more workers.主语 谓语 宾2）My brot

40、her takes care of the vegetable garden.3）Few students like taking exams.4）He forgot to close the door.5）I hope I can speak English fluently.Exercise 他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_.他许诺给我一个礼物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank it up quickly.He promise

41、d to give me a gift.可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,buy,promise 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.下学期谁教你们生物？_.Mr.White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.By the way,has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr.White told me why he went abroad.4主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.

42、主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 2）I will keep the box in the shade.3）We found him a very

43、good pupil.4）She let me stay in the company.Exercise 他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。_.我建议他多读点书。_.他修了机器。_.我们选他当班长。_.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.分析下列句子基本结构1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.

44、3.All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.7.I love you more than her,child.8.Trees turn green when spring comes.9.They pushed the door open.10.Grammer told me an interesting story la

45、st night.11.He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12.All the students think highly of his teaching.13.We need a place twice larger than this one.14.He asked us to sing an English song.15.At last he got home,tired and hungry.并列句并列句用用分号分号或或并列连词并列连词把两个或几个简单句把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。连接起来的句子。用分号：用分号：We

46、fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等等）We fished all day,but we didnt catch a thing.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,so he went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child didnt go out.He was afraid of the dog.3.He made a promise.H

47、e didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.The child didnt go out,because he was afraid of the dog.由一个由一个主句主句和一个或者一个以上和一个或者一个以上从句从句所所构成的句子构成的句子,中间用中间用从属连词从属连词连接。连接。主句是一个完整的句子主句是一个完整的句子,它可以独立存在。它可以独立存在。从句是一个不完整的句子从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在。主句连用，不能独立存在。复合句复合句=主句主句+从属连词从属连词+从句从句复合句

48、复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：句：1.主语从句主语从句 2.宾语从句宾语从句3.表语从句表语从句 4.同位语从句同位语从句5.定语从句定语从句 6.状语从句状语从句 指出下列各从句的类型指出下列各从句的类型vI believe that everything is going on well.vShe was read

49、ing a novel when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best in my class.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句Practice句子成分句子成分意义意义充当词类充当词类例句例句主语主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么表示句子说的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或式，动名词，短语或句子句子We study in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样么样动词或动词词组动词或动词词组She is dancing unde

50、r the tree.宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象表示动作行为的对象同主语同主语Both of us like English.表语表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语定语用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，