（通用版）中考英语语法专项：八大时态讲练-漂亮课件.ppt

1、时态的分组一般现在时：谓语动词用原形或第三人称单数过去时：谓语用动词的过去式将来时：谓语用will/be going to+动词原形现在进行时：谓语用am/is/are+动词的现在分词完成时：谓语用have/has+动词的过去分词过去进行时：谓语用were/was+动词的过去分词完成时：谓语用had+动词的过去分词将来时：谓语用would或was/were going to+动词原形Warm-up He always _ to school by bus.A.goB.wentC.goesD.is going 解析：这句话的意思是他经常坐巴士去上学。句子中出现了一般现在时的标志词always，主

2、语是he，所以要用第三人称单数。选C。时态详解一般现在时：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作，存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。与一般现在时连用的时间状语:表频率：never，always，often，usually，sometimes，once a year,twice a month等。表时间：on Sundays，on Monday afternoon，every day，in the morning，every year等。e.g.他每天早上七点起床。e.g.Leif经常在他的厕所唱歌。He _ up at 7 oclock every day.Leif

3、always _ in her bathroom.getssings时态详解 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态，一般不加状语。e.g.地球绕着太阳转。The earth _ around the sun.e.g.他开车开得很慢。He _ very slowly.e.g.我妈妈不是很高兴。My mother _ very pleasedturnsdrivesisnt时态详解 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。e.g.开往厦门的火车将会在早上八点出发。The train for Xiamen _ at 8

4、 oclock in the morning.e.g.海豚秀将会在20分钟后开始。The dolphin show _ in twenty minutes.leavesbegins时态详解 在时间状语从句中(以when,after,before,while,until,as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子中可以有将来时间。e.g.请你一到澳大利亚就给我打电话。Please ring me as soon as you _ in Australia.如果明天不下雨我们就必须去欢乐谷。We must go to Happy Va

5、lley if it _ rain tomorrow.arrivedoesntWarm-up We _ the farmers with the apple picking last week.A.will help B.helpC.helpedD.are helping解析：这句话的意思是我们上星期帮助农民摘苹果。句子中出现了一般过去时的时间标志词last week，显然用过去式。选C。时态详解一般过去时：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,可以是一次性的也可以是经常性的。表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时。时间标志词:at eight，ten minutes ago,yesterday,last

6、 week,2 years ago,in 1995,in the past,the other day,at that time,just now等。when 引导的时间状语从句e.g.他刚刚才到家。He _ at home just now.e.g.我今早六点就醒来了。I _ at six this morning.e.g.昨晚当Evan睡着了他爸爸才回来。When Evan fall asleep his father _ back.arrivedwoke upcame时态详解 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事。e.g.刘阿姨的儿子在年轻的时候从来不打篮球。Aunt Lius child n

7、ever _ basketball when he was young.时间状语:last,in,fromto,for+时间段,often,usually,sometimes,always,never等。when 引导的时间状语从句e.g.我昨天很难过因为我没吃早餐。I _sad yesterday because I didnt have my breakfast.playedwas时态详解动词原形过去式过去分词getgoeatdo saytakegivecomebuygot gottenwent goneate eatendid donesaid saidtook takengave gi

8、vencame comebought boughtWarm-up There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A.was B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be解析：这句话的意思是明天晚上动物园将会有一场海豚秀。句子中出现了将来时的时间标志词tomorrow，海豚秀是在计划之内的事情，所以要用句型be going to，选D。时态详解一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。时间标志词：tomorrow,this(afternoon),next(year),one day

9、,soon,someday,sometime,in the future,in+一段时间 结构：主语+will/be going to/shall+动词原形 注意啦：be going to 与will 的区别 There _ two meetings tomorrow afternoon.A.are going to be B.is going to have C.is going to be D.will haveWarm-upAlan,its late.Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet.I _ for her.A.waited B.ha

10、ve waited C.am waiting D.was waiting解析：句意“艾伦，很晚了，为什么还不睡？”“詹妮还没有回来。我_她”。语境分析，艾伦现在是正在等詹妮回来。应用现在进行时态。故选C。-What were you doing this time yesterday?-We _on the grass and drawing a picture.A.sit B.sat C.was sitting D.were sitting解析：此题我们应该看到时间标志词，this time yesterday,因此应该是过去进行时态，故选D。时态详解现在进行时：现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段

11、正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。过去进行时：表示过去正在发生的动作。时间标志词（现在进行时）：now,look,listen （过去进行时）：when,while,at 8:00 yesterday 结构：主语+be 动词（am,is,are/was,were）+doing 注意啦：有几个词可以用现在进行时表将来。-Lucy!Would you like to give me a hand?-OK.I _.A.will come B.come C.am coming D.would comeWarm-up-Lucy,_ you _ your ticket?-Not yet.A.did;find

12、 B.have;found C.has;foundD.do;find 解析：这句话的意思是你找到你的票了吗？从回答中的yet可以得知要用现在完成时态。故选C。时态详解现在完成时：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。时间标志词：already,just,yet,ever,never,so far(till now/up to now),recently,in the past 3 years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段 结构：主语+have/has+done用法：1)有影响：I have fi

13、nished my homework.我已经完成我的作业了。2)表持续：I have stayed here for an hour.我已经在这待了半小时了。注意注意瞬间动词&延续性动词若句中出现时间段，则必须使用延续性动词。瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下：1.The film began 5 minutes ago.2.They left an hour ago.3.The man died a week ago.4.He joined the club 3 days ago.5.They got married 10 years ago.6.He came here an hour ag

14、o.7.Jack got home 2 hours ago.8.Mum opened the door just now.9.I borrowed the book a week ago.10.I bought the car a year ago.The film_ _ _ for 5 minutes.They_ _ _for an hour.The man_ _ _ for a week.He_ _ _the club for 3 days.They_ _ _for 10 years.He_ _ here since an hour ago.Jack_ _ home for 2 hours

15、.The door_ _open for a while.I_ _the book for a week.I_ _the car since a year ago.has been onhave been awayhas been deadhas been inhave been marriedhas beenhas beenhas beenhave kepthave hadWarm-upBy the time I got to the cinema,the movie _ for ten minutes.A.had begun B.had been on C.has started D.ha

16、s been on解析：这句话的意思是，当我抵达电影院的时候，电影已经开始十分钟了。从前半句的by the time中可以得知，这是过去完成时态，发生在过去的过去，而后接的是时间段，所以要用延续性动词。故选B。时态详解过去完成时：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。时间标志词:by(yesterday),by then,by the end of(last),by the time 结构：主语+had+done注意啦：过去完成时常用于宾语从句、after引导的从句,或者从句是before引导的主句中。e.g.After I _ _(put)on my shoes and

17、 hat,I walked into the darkness.穿上鞋子和帽子之后，我走向了黑暗。had putWarm-upHe asked if I _ stay here.A.would B.willC.am going toD.was going to解析：这句话的意思是，他问我是否会留下来。宾语从句中主句为过去式则从句必须为相对应的过去时，根据句意要用过去将来时，故选A。时态详解过去将来时：表示从过去某一时间看将来发生或预计将要的动作或存在的状态。时间标志词:later,soon,the next(day)结构：主语+would+动词原形注意啦：过去将来时常由于宾语从句中Tom to

18、ld me(that)he _(go)swimming the next day.would go时态小结概念结构时间状语 一般现在时表示经常、反复发生的动作或者行为及目前的某种状况，还可以用来表示某个事情的特点和性质。is/am/areoften usually always Sometimes every week neveronce a week on Sundays 动词原形/动词三单 have/has一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或者状态，过去习惯性经常性的动作或者状态。was/wereago yesterday in 1989 one dayat the age of tw

19、elve long long ago the day before yesterday just now last week/year/month/night 动词过去时 had一般将来时表示将来某个时间里发生的动作或者状态，或者将来某一段时间经常发生的动作或者状态。will/shallv.tomorrow in the futurenext week/month/year is/am/are going to v.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。would/shouldV.the next day/week/month/year等 was/were going to

20、v.现在进行时表示说话时正在发生的动作，或现阶段进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。is/am/are现在分词now at this time at present these days过去进行时表示过去某个时间里正在发生的动作或者行为。was/were现在分词then at that time at ten last night 现在完成时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。have/has 过去分词already just ever Never yet since so far before for过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或者行为。had过去分词by t

21、he time before we got thereafter by the end of 1.马力喜欢这部电影。Mary loves this movie.2.穿黑色衣服的那个女生是杨幂。The girl in black is Yangmi.3.郭敬明不是一个基佬。Guo Jingming isnt a gay.1.你喜欢这部电影吗？Do you like this movie?2.郭敬明多高？How tall is Guo Jingming?3.郭敬明是个基佬，难道不是吗？Guo Jingming is a gay,isnt he?1.多忙的电影啊！（以what&how引导）What

22、a busy movie!How busy the movie is!2.不要在电影院里放屁(fart)！Dont fart at the cinema!3.请关门.Please close the door.句子种类你造吗！：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式。语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Mary loves this movie.The girl in black is Yangmi.Guo Jingming isnt a gay.肯定句式：否定句式：She cant swim.Mary doesnt like this movie.The children didnt go to

23、 school yesterday.在一般现在时和一般过去时中，当句子谓语动词是实义动词是，否定句式要用合适的助动词 dont,doesnt,didnt.按使用目的可分：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。1）一般疑问句：用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。Are you a pig?Do you love me?Isnt she a beautiful teacher?Can you fly?2）特殊疑问句：常用的特殊疑问词 what,where,who,when,why,which,howWhat day is it today?Where are you going?How

24、are you?Who are you?3）选择疑问句：要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句，叫选择疑问句。选择问句的两种或多种情况用or连接，语调先升后降，回答时不用yes或no。-Are you a boy or a girl?-Im a girl.-Where are you going,Shenzhen orThailand?-Im going to Thailand.4）反意疑问句：陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句，这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。-You are a dog,arent you?-No,Im not.-She likes eat

25、ing Mc Donald,doesnt she?-Yes,she does.表示强烈感情或情绪的句子，一般由what或how引导。What a handsome boy he is!1.他是一个多么帅的男孩啊！【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】How handsome the boy is!2.这是一只多么可爱的狗啊！What a lovely dog it is!How lovely the dog is!【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】表示说话人直接向听话人发出命令、请求、邀请或提出劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句的主语经常省略。No smoking!不要抽烟！Don

26、t fart at the cinema!不要在电影院放屁！Never give up!永不言弃！Let it go!随它吧！按句子结构可分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1.盗墓笔记很受欢迎。The Lost Tomb is very popular.2.吴邪和张起灵都很帅。Wu Xie and Zhang Qiling are handsome.3.吴邪起立然后向我走过来。Wu Xie stands up and walks to me.基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+O （主谓宾）基本句型三：+P （主系表）基本句型四：+IO+DO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+O+OC （主谓宾宾补）把

27、两个或几个简单句，用并列连词连接起来成为并列句。He was tired.He went to bed.He was tired so he went to bed.Im ugly.Im gentle.Im ugly but Im gentle.常用的并列连词 and,bothand,平行并列连词 not onlybut also,neithernor but,however转折并列连词 while yet because 因果并列连词 so for,therefore or选择并列连词 otherwise eitheror1.Mary is thirsty,_ she needs a gla

28、ss of water.2.He is an actor,_ his wife is a singer.3.He was so tired,_ he had to go to school.4.Dont be late,_ there is a meeting.5.Hurry up,_youll be late.6.He works hard _ his brother is a lazy bone.soand/whilebutbecauseorwhile/but主句+从句He says something.宾语成分（由一个词语充当）He says that they are family.宾

29、语成分（由一个句子充当）vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.1.He has found out.She was late.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。2.I still remember the day.I first came to Aixuetang on that day.(when)3.This is Mary.Mary is a pig.(who)T

30、NANK YOU第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十一节非谓语动词 非谓语动词分为动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。(一)动词不定式的功能功能例句作主语itsadj.for sb./of sb.to do sth.(it为形式主语，to do sth.为真正的主语)Its not easy for us to learn English.作表语The most important thing is to finish your homework first.作宾语动词to dowant/decide/pretend/wish/learn/would like to do动

31、词形式宾语(it)宾补to doI find it hard to get good grades.“动词疑问词to do”可改成“动词宾语从句”I dont know how to do it.I dont know how I should do it.43功能例句作补语动词宾语to dotell/ask/like/invite/allow/encourage sb.to do sth.动词宾语不带to的不定式一感(feel)一听(hear)三看(see，watch，notice)三让(have，make，let)sb.do sth.作状语目的：He got up early to cat

32、ch the first bus.结果：He is too tired to walk again.作定语I have something to tell you.Zunyi is a good place to live in.44(二)动名词的功能功能例句作主语动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数Reading more books is good for us.作宾语完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel

33、like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)He enjoyed playing basketball.作表语 His favorite sport is playing soccer.作定语 shopping listfinishing line45(三)分词的功能功能现在分词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)作表语The story is boring.My watch is broken.作定语developing country(发展中国家)developed country(发达国家)作宾补I found him lying on the grass.I had my ha

34、ir cut yesterday.46(四)非谓语动词考点 1“一感一听三看两让”变被动语态时，动词不定式符号to要还原：feel/hear/see/watch/notice/have/make sb.do sth.be felt/heard/seen/watched/noticed/had/made to do sth.2remember/forget/regret to do sth.记得/忘记/遗憾去做某事 remember/forget/regret doing sth.记得/忘记/后悔做了某事 3stop to do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事

35、4see/hear sb.doing sth.看见/听见某人正在做某事 see/hear sb.do sth.看见/听见某人做了某事或常做某事47 5常考的省略了to的动词不定式的句型 Why not do sth.？/Could(would)you please(not)do sth.？/had better(not)do sth./would rather do.than do 6固定形式：the first/last/next/only/second to do sth.He is the only person to know the truth.She is the first pe

36、rson to learn computer programming.7there be 主语to do sth.There is nothing to worry about.48 8后跟doing 的常考短语 have difficulty/trouble/problems doing feel like doingwould like to do spend time(in)doingbe busy doing prefer doing to doingbe used to doing look forward to doingdevote to doing make a contrib

37、ution to doing49 考点一动词不定式 1(2016中考改编)Dont forget_your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks.I wont.()AbringBto bringCbringing 2(2016中考改编)We can make a fire_ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.()Ato keepBkeeping Ckeep 3(2016中考改编)_ a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us wan

38、t_volunteers for the London Olympics.()ABeing;being BTo be;beingCBeing;to beBAC50 4(2016中考改编)Granny often tells us_water in our daily life.()AsaveBSavingCto save 5(2016中考改编)Teachers always warn the school kids_with strangers on their way home.()Anot talkBnot to talkCno talking 6(2016中考改编)So beautifu

39、l flowers!I cant decide_for my mom.For Mothers Day.It cant be better to take some carnations(康乃馨).()Awhen to chooseBwhich to chooseChow to chooseCBB51 考点二动名词 1(2016中考改编)Would you like_or shall we go by bus?I prefer_，but we have to take a taxi，for time is short.()Awalking；to walkBto walk；walkingCwalk

40、；to walk 2(2016中考改编)May I have a rest？I have already finished_the report.()AwriteBwritingCto writeBB52 3(2016中考改编)Its a fine day today.How about_？Sounds great！()Ago hiking Bgo to hikeCgoing hiking 4(2016中考改编)On her way home Lucy saw a thief_in a shop.She stopped_110 at once.()Asteal；callingBstealing

41、；callingCstealing；to callCC53 考点三分词 1(2016中考改编)The new treatments_by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.()Ainvented BinventsCinvent 2(2016中考改编)While I was walking along the lake，I saw some fish_out of the water.()AjumpedBare jumpingCjumpingAC54 3(2016中考改编)Is tea ready?No，mother is_it ready n

42、ow.()AdoingBgettingCcooking 4(2016中考改编)Oh！Whats the matter?Im really_all the time.I have no energy.()AbusyBtiredChappyBB55BmeetingAdoingBrunningCrepairedAbeClaughing56第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十四节并列句 并列句：简单句并列连词简单句类型并列连词类型并列连词表平行and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as表转折but，yet(然而)，while(而

43、)表选择or，not.but.(不是而是)，either.or.(要么要么)表因果as，for，so59 考点并列句(2016中考改编)The story is_and all of us are_in it.()Ainterest；interesting Binteresting；interest Cinteresting；interestedC60第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十节动词的语态(一)分类语态例句主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者Many people speak Chinese.被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者Chinese is spoken by many peop

44、le.63(二)常用被动语态的形式及构成(以do为例)时态构成例句一般现在时am/is/aredoneThe classroom is cleaned every day.一般过去时was/wereThe classroom was cleaned just now.现在进行时am/is/are beingThe classroom is being cleaned now.过去进行时was/were beingThe classroom was being cleaned at this time yesterday.一般将来时will/shall beThe classroom will

45、be cleaned tomorrow.过去将来时would beThe classroom would be cleaned the next day.现在完成时have/has beenThe classroom has already been cleaned.过去完成时had beenThe classroom had already been cleaned by them.64(三)被动语态考点 1sell和sell out sell无被动语态；sell out有被动语态 The book sells very well.The book has been sold out.2ta

46、ke place/happen/change/break out(爆发)无被动语态 Our home town has changed a lot.A car accident happened just now.65 3动词不等式符号to在be made/be heard/be seen中还原 be made to do sth.被迫做某事；be heard/seen to do sth.被听到/看到做某事 The workers were made to work for a long time in the old time.The girl is heard to sing in th

47、e next door.The boys are seen to play soccer on the playground.66 考点一被动语态的应用 1(2016中考改编)In many places in China，the old over 90_not only by their family but also by the government.()Ais taking good careBare taken good care of Cis taking good care of 2(2016中考改编)Bamboo can_ paper.()Aused to makeBbe us

48、ed makeCbe used to make 3(2016中考改编)It is true that knowledge_rather than being taught.()AlearnsBlearnedCis learnedBCC67 4(2016中考改编)Driving after drinking wine_in China.()AallowsBdoesnt allowCisnt allowed 5(2016中考改编)The disabled people shouldnt_.Instead，we should be friendly to them.()Alook downBlook

49、 down onCbe looked down onCC68 考点二被动语态的几种特殊形式 1(2016中考改编)In the past the children were made_15 hours a day.()AworksBworkCto work 2(2016中考改编)The 31st Olympic Games_in Brazil in 2016.()AholdBwill holdCwill be held 3(2016中考改编)Wow!You have a ticket to the Expo.It_by my uncle.He is working in Shanghai.()

50、A.is boughtB was boughtC.has bought 4(2016中考改编)I_to take part in the English speech contest last week.()AaskBaskedCwas askedCCBC69Cwill be heldAhappenedBbe wateredBto studyBwere plantedA/70第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十四节并列句 并列句：简单句并列连词简单句类型并列连词类型并列连词表平行and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as