《中国文化概况（英汉对照版）》课件1.第一章 中国地理.pptx

1、中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture第一章 中国的地理与资源Chinese Geography中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture01.行政区域 Administrative Area02.03.04.目录CONTENTS地形与气候T

2、opography and Climate名山大川Famous Mountains and Large Rivers游在中国Travel in China中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture。China is located in the east of Asia and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.On the map,China stands like a rooster in the east of the world.中国文化概况中国

3、文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture全国有全国有 34 34 个省级行政区，包括个省级行政区，包括 23 23 个省、个省、5 5 个自治区、个自治区、4 4 个直辖市个直辖市和和 2 2 个特别行政区。个特别行政区。At present,there are 34 provincial administrative regions in China,including 23 provinces,5 autonomous regions,4 municipalities directly under t

4、he Central Government and 2 special administrative regions.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 5 5个自治区是以少数民族聚居区为基础发展而来的。它们分别是：内蒙古自治区个自治区是以少数民族聚居区为基础发展而来的。它们分别是：内蒙古自治区（简称（简称“内蒙古内蒙古”）、新疆维吾尔自治区（简称）、新疆维吾尔自治区（简称“新疆新疆”）、西藏自治区（简）、西藏自治区（简称称“西藏西藏”）、广西壮族自治区（简称）、广西壮族自治区（简称

5、“广西广西”）和宁夏回族自治区（简称）和宁夏回族自治区（简称“宁夏宁夏”）。）。Five autonomous regions have developed on the basis of ethnic minority inhabited areas.They are:Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Tibet Autonomous Region,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.中国文化概况中

6、国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture中国有中国有 4 4 个直辖市。个直辖市。At present,there are 34 provincial administrative regions in China,including 23 provinces,5 autonomous regions,4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions.中国文化概况中国文化

7、概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture香港特别行政区和澳门特别行政区是香港特别行政区和澳门特别行政区是中国的两个特别行政区。中国的两个特别行政区。The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region are two special administrative regions of China.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn O

8、verview of Chinese Culture中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 中国的地表高低起伏，地势西高东低，向海洋倾中国的地表高低起伏，地势西高东低，向海洋倾斜，大致呈阶梯状分布。一般分为三级阶梯：第一级斜，大致呈阶梯状分布。一般分为三级阶梯：第一级阶梯是青藏高原，平均海拔在阶梯是青藏高原，平均海拔在 4000 4000 米以上，其北部米以上，其北部与东部边缘以昆仑山脉、祁连山脉、横断山脉与第二与东部边缘以昆仑山脉、祁连山脉、横断山脉与第二级阶梯分界；第二级阶梯平均海拔

9、级阶梯分界；第二级阶梯平均海拔10002000 10002000 米之间。米之间。Chinas land surface is undulating.The terrain is high in the west and low in the east,inclined to the ocean.It is generally distributed in a ladder shape and divided into three steps.The first step is the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,with an average altitude of more

10、 than 4,000 meters.The Kunlun Mountains,Qilian Mountains and Hengduan Mountains on the northern and eastern edge of the first step are the boundaries of the first step and the second step.The average altitude of the second step is between 1,000 and 2,000 meters,on which large basins and plateaus are

11、 distributed.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 中国地处北半球，和其他北半球国家一样，中国地处北半球，和其他北半球国家一样，3 3 月至月至 5 5 月为春季，月为春季，6 6 月至月至 8 8 月为夏季，月为夏季，9 9 月至月至 11 11 月为秋季，月为秋季，12 12 月至次年月至次年 2 2 月为冬月为冬季。季。China is located in the northern hemisphere.Like other countries in the nor

12、thern hemisphere,spring is from March to May,summer is from June to August,autumn is from September to November,and winter is from December to February.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 总体来说，中国的气候具有夏季高温多雨、冬季寒冷少总体来说，中国的气候具有夏季高温多雨、冬季寒冷少雨、高温期与多雨期一致的季风气候特征。中国夏季普遍高

13、雨、高温期与多雨期一致的季风气候特征。中国夏季普遍高温。南北气温差别大是中国冬季的特征。冬天南方比较温暖，温。南北气温差别大是中国冬季的特征。冬天南方比较温暖，其中，最南部的海南省三亚市气温可达到其中，最南部的海南省三亚市气温可达到2020以上；而北方以上；而北方（温带季风气候带、温带大陆性气候带）比较寒冷，最北部（温带季风气候带、温带大陆性气候带）比较寒冷，最北部的黑龙江省漠河市的气温可低至的黑龙江省漠河市的气温可低至-30-30以下。以下。Generally speaking,Chinas climate shows the features of Monsoon Climate whic

14、h is characterized by hot and rainy summer,cold and dry winter and the consistency of high temperature periods and rainy periods.High temperatures are common in summer in China.On the contrary,there is great difference in temperature between north and south.In winter,the south is relatively warm.The

15、 temperature in Sanya,the city in Hainan,the southernmost province,can reach more than 20.However,the north(Temperate Monsoon Climate zone,Temperate Continental Climate zone)is relatively cold,and the temperature in Mohe city,Heilongjiang province,the northernmost part of China,can be lower than-30.

16、中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 在北方居住的人，冬天离不开暖气，有了暖在北方居住的人，冬天离不开暖气，有了暖气，室内温度可达气，室内温度可达2020以上。北方的冬天有可能以上。北方的冬天有可能比南方的冬天更好过。不过，虽然南方没有集中比南方的冬天更好过。不过，虽然南方没有集中供暖，但是南方居民可以通过供暖，但是南方居民可以通过其其他他方式方式取暖，比取暖，比如：空调、地暖、如：空调、地暖、“小太阳小太阳”、电热毯、热水袋、电热毯、热水袋等。等。People living in t

17、he north cannot live without heating in winter.With heating,the indoor temperature can reach 20 and above.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 中国有成千上万的山脉，说到中国的名山，最有名的就是中国有成千上万的山脉，说到中国的名山，最有名的就是“五岳五岳”了。了。“岳岳”的的意思是意思是“高大的山高大的山”，“五岳五岳”具体指泰山、华山、衡山具体指泰山、华山、衡山、恒山恒山和和嵩山

18、嵩山。There are thousands of mountains in China.When it comes to Chinas famous mountains,the most famous ones are the“Five Great Mountains”.“岳岳(Yue)”means“Great Mountain”and“Five Great Mountains”specifically refer to Mount Tai,Mount Hua,Mount Heng,Hengshan Mountain and Mount Song.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overvi

19、ew of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 东岳泰山是东岳泰山是“五岳五岳”之首，有之首，有“天下第一山天下第一山”的美誉。的美誉。Among them,“Dongyue”Mount Tai is the head of the“Five Great Mountains”and has the reputation of the No.1 mountain in the world.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 西岳华

20、山，险居五岳之首，自古以来就有西岳华山，险居五岳之首，自古以来就有“奇险天下第一山奇险天下第一山”的说法。位于华山的说法。位于华山南峰东侧山腰的长空栈道，是华山险道的险中之险，被誉为南峰东侧山腰的长空栈道，是华山险道的险中之险，被誉为“华山第一天险华山第一天险”。“Xiyue”Mount Hua is the most dangerous mountain in the“Five Great Mountains”.Since ancient times,there has been a saying that it is the most dangerous mountain in the w

21、orld.Located on the eastern mountainside of the south peak,the Changkong Trestle is the most dangerous part and is known as“the first natural barrier of Mount Hua”.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 南岳衡山地临湘水之滨，林木苍郁，景色秀丽，南岳衡山地临湘水之滨，林木苍郁，景色秀丽，享有享有“五岳独秀五岳独秀”的美名。的美

22、名。衡山是中国著名的道衡山是中国著名的道教、佛教圣地，有寺、庙、庵、观教、佛教圣地，有寺、庙、庵、观 200 200 多处多处。其。其主要主要山峰有山峰有回雁回雁峰、祝融峰、紫盖峰、岳麓山等，峰、祝融峰、紫盖峰、岳麓山等，最高峰祝融峰海拔最高峰祝融峰海拔 1300.2 1300.2 米。米。“Nanyue”Mount Heng is near the shore of Xiangjiang River.It has lush forestsand beautiful scenery.It enjoys the reputation of“the most graceful of the Fiv

23、e Great Mountains”.Mount Heng is a famous Taoist and Buddhist holy place in China,with more than 200 Buddhist temples,nunneries and Taoist temples.The main peaks are Huiyan Peak,Zhurong Peak,Zigai Peak and Yuelu Mountain.The highest peak is Zhurong Peak at 1,300.2 meters above sea level.中国文化概况中国文化概况

24、 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 中岳嵩山的特点突出在一个中岳嵩山的特点突出在一个“奥奥”字上。嵩山字上。嵩山是古都洛阳东方的重要屏障，是古都洛阳东方的重要屏障，素为京畿之地，具素为京畿之地，具有深厚的文化底蕴，是中国佛教禅宗的发源地和道有深厚的文化底蕴，是中国佛教禅宗的发源地和道教圣地。教圣地。“Zhongyue”Mount Song is characterized by the word“profound”.Mount Song is an important barrier to the east

25、 of Luoyang,the ancient capital city.It has a profound cultural background and is the birthplace of the Chan Sector of Chinese Buddhism and the holy place of Taoism.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 北岳恒山因其险峻的山势和地理位置，成为兵北岳恒山因其险峻的山势和地理位置，成为兵家必争之地。家必争之地。“Beiyue”H

26、engshan Mountain has become a place for military strategists to contend for because of its precipitous terrain and geographical location.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture黄山黄山 Mount Huangshan喜马拉雅山喜马拉雅山 Himalayas中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Over

27、view of Chinese Culture 黄河黄河被中国人称为被中国人称为“母亲河母亲河”。Yellow River is called“Mother River”by Chinese people.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture 长江长江是中国第一大河，是横贯我国东西的是中国第一大河，是横贯我国东西的水运大动脉水运大动脉，货运量位居全球内河第一，素有，货运量位居全球内河第一，素有“黄金水道黄金水道”之称之称。The Yangtze River is the largest

28、 river in China.It is the main water transport artery across Chinas east and west.The volume of freight transportation ranks first in the worlds inland rivers,known as the“Golden Waterway”.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese Cu

29、ltureAn Overview of Chinese Culture中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture在中国旅行，请记得随身带好护照等有效身份证件。因为很多地方实行实名 制购票，对于外国游客来说，很多景点都需要出示护照，才可以买票进入参观。如果没带护照，很可能就只能扫兴而归了。When traveling in China,please remember to take your passport or other valid identity documents with you

30、.Since many places implement the real-name purchasing system.For foreign tourists,passports are required in many scenic spots.If you dont take your passport,youll probably have to leave disappointingly.中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture中国文化概况中国文化概况 An Overview of Chinese CultureAn Overview of Chinese Culture