句子成分和结构课件-002.ppt

1、require earn devote inform donate requirement headmaster literatureavailable enjoyable challenging fluentsomehow fluently differently usually1ppt课件英语词性的分类英语词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语词性共有十大类。词类又叫词性，英语词性共有十大类。Parts of Speech2ppt课件1 名词名词 noun n.student 学生学生 2 代词代词 pronoun pron.you 你你3 形容词形容词 adjective adj.happy 高兴

2、的高兴的 4 副词副词 adverb adv.quickly 迅速地迅速地5 动词动词 verb v.cut 砍、割砍、割 6 数词数词 numeral num.three 三三7 冠词冠词 article art.a 一个一个 8 介词介词 preposition prep.at 在在.9 连词连词 conjunction conj.and 和和 10 感叹词感叹词 interjection interj.oh 哦哦 实词实词虚词虚词3ppt课件取得英语语法成功的基石取得英语语法成功的基石4ppt课件句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫

3、做句子成分。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分：句子成分：主主谓谓宾宾表表补补定定状状同位语同位语5ppt课件 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语6ppt课件主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物,主语一般位于主语一般位于_。Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking i

4、s bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）句首句首7ppt课件找出下列句中的主语并说出是有什么来充当的找出下列句中的主语并说出是有什么来充当的1.The sun rises in the east.2.Seeing is believing.3.To see is to believe.4.What he needs is a book.5.It is

5、 very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（名词）（名词）（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）8ppt课件当当不定式、动名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用因此常用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正的，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本只起先行引导作用，本身无词

6、义。身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？9ppt课件 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻你懂得翻译下列句子吗？译下列句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。10ppt课件 谓语谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征，用说明主语的动作、状态和特征，用动词动词充当充当（有时不

7、止一个动词），（有时不止一个动词），主谓主谓一般要靠在一起。一般要靠在一起。简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing 11ppt课件 选出下列句中的谓语选出下列句中的谓语 A.looked B.looked up C.looked up the word D.in t

8、he dictionary He has caught a bad cold.A.has B.caught C.has caught D.a bad cold He practices running every morning.A.running B.practices running C.practices D.every morning12ppt课件Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They

9、asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语（宾语（object）动作的对象或承受者，动作的对象或承受者，由由n.或相当于或相当于n.的词担任。的词担任。置于置于_或或_之后。之后。（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）及物动词及物动词介词介词13ppt课件 有些及物动词如有些及物动词如give,tell,bring,buy等可以带等可以带双宾语双宾语，一个指人，一个指物。通

10、常情况下，一个指人，一个指物。通常情况下，指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接指物的叫直接宾语，指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语多放在直接宾语之前。宾语多放在直接宾语之前。间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.He gave me some books.14ppt课件宾语有三种宾语有三种 动宾动宾 I bought a book.直接直接/间接宾语间接宾语 She gave John a book 介宾介宾 They talk about a book.注意注意15ppt课件 挑

11、挑出下列句中的宾语出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.Hell give us a talk.They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.16ppt课件（四）表语（四）表语（predicative）在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite mys

12、elf today.5.That remains a puzzle.6.I dont feel at ease.17ppt课件系动词系动词1.表状态的表状态的 be(am,is,are)2.表感官的表感官的 sound,taste,feel，look,seem,appear3.表持续的表持续的 keep,remain,stay,stand You keep quite!5.表变化的表变化的 become,grow,come,go6.表终止的表终止的 prove,turn out 证实证实18ppt课件 I found the book interesting.Do you smell some

13、thing burning?He made himself known to them.She asked me to lend her a hand.（五）宾语补足语（五）宾语补足语 （object complement）补充说明宾语的情况补充说明宾语的情况。由。由n./adj./介宾介宾/分词分词/不不定式定式等担任。等担任。与宾语一起构成与宾语一起构成复合宾语。复合宾语。常用的动词有常用的动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let等等 19ppt课件（六）同位语（六）同位语（appositive）位于位于名词或代词名词或代词后面，

14、解释说明它们的性质和情况，后面，解释说明它们的性质和情况，两者的语法功能相同，后面是前面的同位语。两者的语法功能相同，后面是前面的同位语。We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句20ppt课件（七）定语（七）定语（attributive）He is a clever boy.His father wo

15、rks in a steel work.There are 54 students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)对对n./pron.进行修饰限定的成分，进行修饰限定的成分，汉语中用汉语中用的的表示。表示。()()()()()()21ppt课件定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是如果定语是一个单词一个单词时，通常要时，通常要前

16、置前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常表示时，通常后置。后置。The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?22ppt课件用以修饰用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句的及全句的成分成分,状语的位置灵活。状语的位置灵活。I am very sorry.We often help him.When I grow up,I am

17、going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语（从句作时间状语)（八）状语（八）状语（adverbial）23ppt课件状语的分类状语的分类:状语按照内容可分为状语按照内容可分为时间时间,地点地点,原因原因,目的目的,结果结果,条件条件,让步让步,方方式式,程度程度,伴随状况伴随状况等等.表示表示时间、地点、目的的状语时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强一般位于句子两头，强调时放句首。调时放句首。24ppt课件画出下列句子的状语画出下列句子的状语 I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He

18、was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.25ppt课件 句子成分巩固练习句子成分巩固练习 26ppt

19、课件（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many photos of the p

20、alaces in Beijing.8.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9.His wish is to become a scientist.10.Do you have anything else to say?27ppt课件（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分（二）分析下列各句中所包含的句子成分28ppt课件1.Last week I went to the supermarket.Last week I went to the supermarket.状状 主主 谓谓 状状2.The play was very interesting.The

21、play was very interesting.主主 系系 状状 表表3.I cant hear a word.I cant hear a word.主主 谓谓 宾宾4.They were talking loudly.They were talking loudly.主主 谓谓 状状29ppt课件4.It was Sunday.It was Sunday.主主 系系表表5.I never get up early on Sundays.I never get up early on Sundays.主主状状 谓谓 状状状状6.I looked at the young man and t

22、he young woman angrily.I looked at the young man and the 主主谓谓 宾宾 young woman angrily.宾宾 状状30ppt课件7.I read a few lines,but I didnt understand a word.I read a few lines,but I didnt 主主 谓谓定定 宾宾 连连 主主 谓谓 understand a word.谓谓 宾宾8.My holidays passed quickly,but I didnt send cards to my friends.My holidays

23、passed quickly,but I 主主 谓谓 状状 连连 主主 didnt send cards to my friends.谓谓 宾宾 宾宾31ppt课件9.I got up early and bought thirty cards.I got up early and bought thirty cards.主主 谓谓 状状连连 谓谓 定定宾宾10.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He is working

24、 for a big firm and he has 主主 谓谓状状 连连 主主谓谓already visited a great number of different 状状 谓谓 定定 定定places in Australia.宾宾定定32ppt课件11.He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs,a small town in the centre of Australia.He has just bought a car and 主主 谓谓 状状 谓谓 宾宾 连连has gone to Alice Springs,a

25、small town 谓谓状状同位语同位语in the centre of Australia.定定33ppt课件12.He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.He calls at every house in the street主主 谓谓 宾宾定定 once a month and always asks for状状连连 状状谓谓a meal and a glass of beer.宾宾34ppt课件13.You will tell

26、your friend that youve got to school.You will tell your friend 主主 谓谓 定定 间宾间宾 that youve got to school.直宾直宾35ppt课件nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing V-edetc.主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语宾语宾语(间)宾语宾语(直直)Vt系动词ViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookapp

27、ear/stand/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.36ppt课件1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.6.There lies a book on the desk.主主 +谓谓 主主 +系系 +表表主主+谓谓 +宾宾主

28、主+谓谓 +间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 主主+谓谓 +宾宾 +宾补宾补There be 句型句型简单句基本句型实例简单句基本句型实例37ppt课件Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主主 +谓谓主主+系系 +表表主主 +谓谓 +宾宾主主+谓谓 +间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语主主+谓谓 +宾宾+宾补宾补38ppt课件附属成分附属成分基本成分的修饰语。可以是：基本成分的修饰语。可以是：定

29、语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句 状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。短语或从句。定定 语语Poor John tottered toward a hospital nearbyShe likes oranges imported from the USA.John gave Mary many books，which are full of illustrationsHave you seen the book on the desk?The boy playing over there i

30、s my brother.People there like sports.39ppt课件John often came to chat with meJohn likes oranges very muchWhenever he gets drunk，John makes Mary very angryHearing the news,he jumped with joy.As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked i

31、n this school ten years ago.Youd better stay here.状状 语语40ppt课件按句子的结构分：1)简单句简单句2)并列句并列句3)复合句复合句句子类型句子类型41ppt课件只有一个主语（或并列主语）和只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。一个谓语（或并列谓语）。（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and

32、often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.42ppt课件 我们可以给我们可以给名词加上形容词、介词短语名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，修饰，给句子的给句子的动词加上副词动词加上副词修饰或给句子加上修饰或给句子加上状状语语修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更丰富修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结一个主谓结构构。He worked hard all his life.(划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked)He is a school student i

33、n No.1 Middle School.(划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student)43ppt课件e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.并列句并列句句型：句型：简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之。它们之间用

34、连词连结。间用连词连结。44ppt课件practiceThis is me and these are my friends.They must stay in water,or they will die.Its not cheap,but it is very good.It was late,so I went to bed.andorbut soHe knocked at the door;there was no answer.Youre alive!And shes dead.45ppt课件就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定

35、有一个主谓结构是句子这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。的次要部分，即从句部分。句型句型主句主句+引导词引导词+从句；或引导词从句；或引导词+从句从句+主句主句复合句复合句46ppt课件句型句型主句主句+引导词引导词+从句；或引导词从句；或引导词+从句从句+主句主句 The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.、(when引导一个时间状语从句引导一个时间状语从句)As is known to

36、 all,China is getting more and more powerful.(as 引导一个定语从句引导一个定语从句)Where there is a will,there is a way.(Where引导一个地点状语从句引导一个地点状语从句)47ppt课件名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句复合句中的从句包括复合句中的从句包括A plane is a machine that can fly.He said that he didnt like her.48ppt课件v My roommate

37、 was sleeping,we didnt want to wake her up.请用所学知识改正下列病句请用所学知识改正下列病句My roommate was sleeping.We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping,so we didnt want to wake her up.I went to bed because I was tired.v I went to bed.Because I was tired.49ppt课件v China has hundreds of islands,and the large

38、st of which is Taiwan Island.v China has hundreds of islands,the largest of them is Taiwan Island.China has hundreds of islands,and the largest of them is Taiwan Island China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan Island50ppt课件Exercises 判断句型1.Having finished his homework,the boy went

39、 on to help his mother.2.What he says doesnt suit what he does.(简单句简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子整个句子)(复合句复合句包含两个名词性从句：包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；是一个主语从句；what he does 是一是一个宾语从句个宾语从句)51ppt课件3.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.4.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5.T

40、here is a chair in this room,isnt there?简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句52ppt课件6.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句53ppt课件9.Neith

41、er has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.10.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?11.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.12.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句简单句简单句54ppt课件1.She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A.arrivingB.to arriv

42、eC.having arrived D.and arrived2.She thought I was talking about her daughter,_,in fact,I was talking about my daughter.A.whom B.where C.which D.while55ppt课件3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of that 4.She is A

43、merican,_ she knows little about American history.A.so B.yet C.and D.therefore 56ppt课件5._ several times about it,but he could not give the correct answer.A.Being asked B.Having been asked C.He would ask D.He had been asked 6._ the days went on,the situation there got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.A

44、s57ppt课件7.lShe won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us.A.which B.it C.as D.whol She won the first prize in the speech contest,_ surprised us.A.which B.it C.as D.who58ppt课件8._ the text a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.A.Read B.Reading C.If reading D.When you read 9._,so he didnt come to school last week.A.Though he was ill B.Being ill C.Having been ill D.He was ill59ppt课件