初中英语语法专项8动词的时态和语态课件.pptx

1、语法专题（八）动词的时态和语态PART TWO第二篇 语法突破篇【中考考点】（1）动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。（2）动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。（3）动词的被动语态的基本结构及用法。（4）动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法。动词的时态考点一一般现在时1.结构 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示（当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式）。2.动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则（1）直接加-s。如:workworks（2）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先变y为i,再加-es。如:carrycarries,crycries,trytries,studystudies（

2、3）以s,x,o,ch,sh结尾的词加-es。如:passpasses,fixfixes,gogoes,dodoes,teachteaches,washwashes（4）特殊:havehas,areis动词的时态3.be动词的一般现在时（1）be动词的人称变化:第一人称I,后面的动词用am;第二人称you,后面的动词用are;第三人称he/she/it,后面的动词用is;第一人称复数we,第二人称you,第三人称复数they,后面的动词用are。（2）be 动词在一般疑问句和否定句中的表达:一般疑问句是把be提到句首,否定句是在be后直接加not。动词的时态4.用法（1）表示事实、现状、性质或

3、经常性、习惯性的动作。I go to school at seven every day.我每天七点去上学。（2）表示普遍真理或客观事实。The Earth goes around the Sun.地球绕着太阳转。（3）表示在现在时间所发生的动作。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。（4）在时间和条件状语从句中表示将来。Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空的话,我将和她去购物。5.与一般现在时连用的时间状语（标志词）seldom,often,usually,always,sometime

4、s,today,every day,once a week,every five minutes,on Sundays等。动词的时态考点二一般过去时1.结构一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。2.用法一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,或过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。3.与一般过去时连用的时间状语last night,yesterday,some years ago,in 2015,in the past,just now等。动词的时态4.动词过去式的变化规则（1）一般情况下,在动词原形后加-ed。如:watchwatched（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的加-d。如:livelived（3

5、）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed。如:studystudied,carrycarried,crycried（4）以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stopstopped,planplanned,preferpreferred（5）不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。动词的时态考点三一般将来时1.结构 助动词shall/will+动词原形（shall用于第一人称）be going to+动词原形2.用法（1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。I shall be eighteen years old next year.明年我就18岁了。（2）

6、表示某种必然的趋势。Fish will die without water.没有水,鱼就会死。动词的时态3.与一般将来时连用的时间状语later（on）,soon,in a month（in+时间段）,next time,from now on,tomorrow等。【注意】will引导的将来时,表示事情没有经过事先计划而即将发生;be going to引导的将来时,表示事情经过事先计划、考虑、打算而即将发生。They will arrive here tomorrow morning.明天早晨他们将抵达这里。Im going to see a film this afternoon.今天下午我

7、要去看一场电影。动词的时态考点四过去将来时1.结构 would+动词原形was/were+going to+动词原形2.用法 表示从过去的某一时刻看,将要发生的动作。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year.他叔叔说第二年会有一个好收成。【注意】在由if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句用过去将来时,那么if从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。If he were here,he would show us how to do it.如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做。动词的时态考点五现在进行时1.结构 am/

8、is/are+v.-ing形式2.用法（1）表示目前正在发生（进行）的动作（不指状态）,常用的时间状语有 now,at the moment 等。当有look,listen等起提示作用的词时,后面的句子常用现在进行时。Are you writing a letter to your friend now?你现在正在给你朋友写信吗?Listen!She is singing in the next room.听!她正在隔壁房间唱歌。动词的时态（2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。We are planting trees these days.这些天我们在植树。（3）位移动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。

9、此类词有come,go,leave,arrive,fly,begin,start,finish,end等,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午要动身去英格兰。动词的时态3.与现在进行时连用的时间状语now,these days,at present,at the moment等。4.现在分词的变化规则（1）一般直接在动词后加-ing。如:playplaying（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的,去e,再加-ing。如:comecoming,makemaking,liveliving（3）以重读闭音节结

10、尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ing。如:runrunning,sitsitting,beginbeginning（4）特殊:diedying,lielying,tietying动词的时态考点六过去进行时1.结构 was/were+v.-ing形式2.用法过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在发生（进行）的动作。Tom fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.汤姆骑自行车时摔倒了,弄伤了自己。3.常用的时间状语at nine last night,the whole morning,

11、all day yesterday,from nine to ten last night,at that time,at this time yesterday等。What were you doing at ten oclock last night?你昨晚十点钟在做什么?They were building a large house last week.他们上周一直在建造一所大房子。（某阶段一直在进行的动作）动词的时态考点七现在完成时1.结构 have/has+动词的过去分词（过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化规则相同,不规则动词的过去分词需单独记忆）2.用法（1）表示过去发生的动作对现

12、在造成的影响或结果,常与just,already,yet,recently,before,ever,never,twice,three times等时间状语连用。I the film already.我已经看过这部电影了。（现在我知道电影的内容了）have seen动词的时态（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与“since+时间点”,“since+从句（一般过去时）”,“for+时间段”及how long,（ever）since,ever,before,so far,in the last/past few years,up to now,till now等时间状语连用

13、。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years.在过去几年中,我们种了成千上万棵树。So far there no bad news.到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。3.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等,而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。I saw the movie yesterday.昨天我看了这部电影。（强调电影是昨天看的）I have already seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了。（强调到现在为止看过这部电影了）has been动词

14、的时态4.延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换在现在完成时中,如果有持续的时间状语,则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。I have had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两天了。（用had而不用bought）I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已经来东京两周了。（用been in而不用come to）动词的时态常见的非延续性动词（词组）变延续性动词（词组）:非延续性动词（词组）延续性动词（词组）buyhave borrowkeepopenbe open closebe closedbegin/startbe oncomebe here

15、gobe therefinish/endbe overdiebe deadcatch a coldhave a coldput onwear/be inget up be upwake up be awakefall asleepbe asleeplosenot havejoinbe in/be a member of leavebe away arrive/reach/get to be（in/at）5.have been to,have gone to与have been in的区别have been to表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来,现在已不在该地;have gone to

16、表示“已去了某地”,说话时已到达某地或在去某地的途中,现在还未回来;have been in表示“已在某地待了多久”,后面跟地点副词时不用in。Where is Mrs Smith?史密斯夫人在哪儿?She isnt here.She has gone to England.她不在这儿。她去英格兰了。动词的时态动词的时态考点八过去完成时1.结构 had+动词的过去分词2.用法（1）表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态,也就是“过去的过去”,常以by,before短语或when,before,after,until等引导的从句作为前提。My teacher said she had

17、never been to London.我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。When the police arrived,the thieves .当警察到达时,小偷们已经逃跑了。（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。与现在完成时一样,过去完成时也常与 how long,for three days,before 等表示一段时间的状语连用。When Jack arrived,he learned Mary for almost an hour.当杰克到达时,他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。had run awayhad been away动词的语态考点一被动语态的构成

18、构成 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（1）一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+动词的过去分词（2）一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+动词的过去分词（3）一般将来时的被动语态:will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词（4）含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词注意 在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式,在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要还原to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building

19、.被动结构A stranger was seen into the building.有人看见一个陌生人走进了这栋楼。to walk动词的语态考点二主动语态变被动语态的方法把原句中的宾语变成主语;谓语动词改为被动形式be done（同时注意时态）;原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面,以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要则省去。转换图示:动词的语态考点三使用被动语态的情况1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种植水稻。2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。Smoking isnt allowed in the gas station.

20、加油站内不允许吸烟。3.需要强调和突出动作的承受者。Your work must be finished today.你们的工作必须今天完成。4.句子的主语是物。Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。动词的语态考点四某些动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词,如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征或性能时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth .这种布料很好洗。2.

21、不及物动词和动词短语,如happen,last,take place,come out,come true,run out 等,以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers come out?这些报纸是如何出版的呢?3.系动词没有被动形式。Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来合理。washes well动词的语态4.下列结构中的v.-ing形式是主动形式表示被动意义。（1）当物作主语,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后常跟v.-ing形式,但当这些动词后接不定式时,则必须用被动形式表示被动意义。The bike needs

22、repairing.这辆自行车需要修理。Our classroom needs to be cleaned.我们的教室需要打扫。（2）be worth doing sth值得做某事The book is well worth reading.这本书很值得一读。考点过关训练.单项选择1.2018广东 It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong to more than 1,000 so far.A.increase B.increased C.has increased D.will increase2.2018海南改编 May

23、 I use your computer?Sorry.I on it.A.work B.am working C.have worked D.worked 3.2018黄石 Nowadays,because of Readers（朗读者）by CCTV,many book fans reading in public places.A.will see B.were seen C.are seen D.have seenCBC考点过关训练4.2018上海 The debate on whether to keep pets forty minutes yesterday afternoon.A

24、.last B.lasted C.will last D.has lasted5.2018无锡 Its said that drinking coffee cancer.Do I have to give it up?Relax!Not everything on WeChat is true.In fact,a coffee a day keeps the doctor away.A.causes B.has caused C.caused D.had caused6.Linda,I called you this morning,but nobody answered the phone.

25、Im sorry.I football with my friends then.A.play B.played C.am playing D.was playing7.Which team do you think the game?Hard to say.There are still ten minutes before it ends.A.won B.has won C.will win D.winsBADC考点过关训练8.Have you heard about that car accident near the school?Yes,luckily no one.A.hurt B

26、.was hurt C.has hurt D.were hurt9.2019原创 It is reported that the new airport in Beijing next year.A.were completed B.completeC.will be completed D.will complete 10.Clark,your room is really in a mess.It needs.Sorry,Mum.Ill do it at once.A.clean B.cleanedC.to clean D.to be cleanedBCD考点过关训练.根据句意或句子的语法

27、要求,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空11.She wants to know if there （be）a flower show next week.12.After many years hard work,she（realize）her dream of winning a gold in the Olympics.13.Turn off the radio,dear.Tom is sleeping.There is no need.He （wake）up.14.Someone （knock）on the door.Can you open it?15.If Bob（stay）away

28、from the junk food,he will be in good health.will be/is going to berealizedhas wokenis knockingstays考点过关训练16.Have you watched the movie Jurassic World（侏罗纪世界2）,Kelly?Not yet.I （watch）it with my cousin tonight.17.How did the accident happen?The girl （read）WeChat while walking across the street.18.Students do less homework now.Usually it （finish）before 9 oclock in the evening.19.He was made（leave）his hometown.20.Chinese style of crossing roads is a bad habit and must （prevent）.will watchwas readingis finishedto leavebe prevented