大学无机化学第九章沉淀溶解平衡课件.ppt

1、()()()AgCl sAgaqClaq mnnmspKABspKAgClSPClAgKcc()()()mnnmA BsnAaqmBaq nmspKnSmSspABSK，型2234spKA BABS ，型()()()mnnmA BsnAaqmBaq-1mol LnSmS3.143Mr(AgCl)=1513Lmol1034.1Lmol3.1431092.1 -=S)aq(Cl(aq)Ag AgCl(s)-+210()1.80 10spKAgClAgClS42331.7)CrOMr(Ag=1215Lg102.2Lg 331.7105.6-=S5312105.6 ,4101.1-=ss)aq(CrO

2、(aq)2Ag (s)CrOAg4422-+-1mol L 2s s2244()spKAg CrOAgCrO2424()()()()spspKAgClKAg CrOS AgClS Ag CrO mnnmQAB()()()mnnmA BsnAaqmBaq23222HCOH OCO 23spCOQQK，23spBaCOQQK，或2233()()()BaCOsBaaqCOaq23142 10AgCrOmol L 224422432392(2 10)2 10)8 10Ag CrOAgCrOQAgCrO (3131.0 10 mol LAgNO 31311.0 101.0 10 mol LImol LC

3、l1017()1.8 10()8.3 10spspKAgClKAgI()AgIs()AgCl s 317101103.8()spIKAgIAgI1418.3 10Agmol L310101108.1()spClKAgClAgCl711.8 10Agmol LIClAgAg)aq(Cl(aq)Ag AgCl(s)-+()spKAgClAgCl)aq(I(aq)Ag AgI(s)-+()spKAgIAgI1051()4.6 101.0 10()spspKAgIIClmol LKAgCl-()()spspKAgClKAgIClIClIClIAgAg61()2.2 10()spspKAgClClIIm

4、ol LKAgI612.2 10 ClImol L：即()()()AgaqClaqAgCl s()()()AgaqBraqAgBr s()()()AgaqIaqAgI s10()1.8 10spKAgCl17()8.3 10spKAgI15()5.0 10spKAgBr1()4.8rmGAgClkJ mol 1()28.5rmGAgBrkJ mol 1()59.4rmGAgIkJ mol 101224()1.8 10()1.1 10spspKAgClKAg CrO；1091()1.8 101.8 100.10spClKAgClAgmol LCl 2412245124()1.1 103.3 10

5、0.0010spCrOKAg CrOAgmol LCrO 24106155()1.8 105.5 101.0 103.3 10spCrOKAgClClmol LAg 24Ag CrO24 ClCrOAgAg391632()2.8 10()5.0 10spspKFe OHKNi OH；1255393()2.8 10336.5 101.0 1014lg2.812.811.0 10spKFe OHOHpHOHpH16282()5.0 107.1 100.1014log6.856.85spKNi OHOHNipHOHpH2244()2()()Ag CrO sAgaqCrOaq6-15.2 10 xSm

6、ol L 0.0100.010 xx很小 12sp2101.1)010.0()2(Kxx5-16.5 10Smol L 1224()1.1 10spKAg CrO1()mol L1()mol L同离子效应与盐效应同离子效应与盐效应()()()MA sMaqAaq32()Ag NH()()()AgCl sAgaqClaq()()()()nnMO HsMaqnO Haq22()()()2()M g O HsM gaqO Haq ()()()AgC l sAgaqC laq32()AgN H33 22383()324CuSHNOCu NOSNOH O222232222271412 1.2 100.0

7、111.1 101.0 10spaaKZnH SZnH SSKHHSKK212(0.0010)0.0110.012(0.0020)xmol Lx 22()2()()()ZnSsHaqZnaqH S aq2371412()1.2 10;1.1 10;1.0 10spaaKZnSKK21130.250.050Mgmol LNHmol L，2532()1.8 100.050bxKNHH Ox324()()()()NHaqH O lOHaqNHaq419.5 10 xOHmol L224270.25(9.5 10)2.3 10QMgOH12262()5.6 104.74 100.25spKMg OHO

8、HMg122()5.61 10spKMg OH654.74 101.8 100.050 oc4()(0.19 0.40 53.5)4.1m NH Clgg140.19 NHmol L324-()()()()NH aqH O lNHaqOHaq)l(O2H)aq(2NH)aq(Mg)aq(2NH(s)Mg(OH)23242+222232243125 2()()1.56 100.018(1.8 10)spbKMg OHMgNHOHKNHOHKNH214240.25(0.050)0.018 0.19 ()0.19()(0.19 0.40 53.5)4.1yc NHmol Lym NH Clgg思考：

9、思考：PbCl2溶液中加入溶液中加入Na2CO3？22()()2()PbCl sPbaqClaq3PbCO23CO2233()()2()PbCl sCOPbCO sClaq226444()()()()9.1 10 spCaSO sCaaqSOaqKCaSO224334()()()()CaSO sCOaqCaCO sSOaq222643442229333()9.1 103.3 10()2.8 10spspKCaSOSOCaSOKCOCaCOKCaCO2233()()()CaaqCOaqCaCO s 9311()2.8 10spKCaCO2263144()9.1 103.0 10spCaSOKCa

10、SOmol L93271323()2.8 109.3 103.0 10spKCaCOCOmol LCa2210444()()()()1.1 10 spBaSO sBaaqSOaq KBaSO224334()()()()BaSO sCOaqBaCO sSOaq222104442229333()1.1 100.042()2.6 10spspKBaSOSOBaSOKCOBaCOKBaCO232423COSO232423COSO2233()()()BaaqCOaqBaCO s 9311()2.610spKBaCO 10.24xmol L11230.25(0.0100.24)mol LNa COmol L10493()1.1 100.0100.042()2.1 10spspKBaSOKKBaCOx224334()()()()BaSO sCOaqBaCO sSOaq