高中英语必修3 unit4-astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars-grammar课件.ppt（纯ppt,不包含音视频素材）

1、Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句GRAMMARRevision Find the subjects in the following sentences.1.A tree has fallen across the road.2.You are a student.3.To find your way can be a problem.4.Smoking is harmful to you.5.What she said is not yet known.6.That we shall be late is certain.7.Its certain that we shall

2、 be late.主语从句主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。1That he will come is certain.2Whether it will please them is not easy to say.3What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.4Which side will win is not clear.5Why he did it remains a mystery.6When they will start is not known yet.7How he

3、 became a great scientist is known to us all.8Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.9Whoever breaks the law will be punished.10Where she is from is unknown.Find the subject clauses in the following sentences,and translate them.思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？主语从句的引导词

4、：主语从句的引导词：连词连词 that,whether 连接代词连接代词 who(ever),whom(ever),which(ever),what(ever)连接副词连接副词 where,when,why,how 1 引导主语从句的连接词有三类：引导主语从句的连接词有三类：(1)连词连词that、whether:(从属连词）在从句中从属连词）在从句中不作不作任何成分任何成分Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.Whether hell come here isnt clear.That price will go up i

5、s certain.主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的在复合句中作主句的主语主语.Whether we can go to picnic tomorrow is still a question.That the wounded soldier is still alive is a wonder.That Mr.Zhou will come is certain.Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful._What she did is not yet known.Who will write the poem has not

6、 been decided yet.Whatever he did is right.Whoever breaks the rule should be punished.Who will go makes no difference.Whom she loves is clear enough.她爱的是谁已经够清楚了。她爱的是谁已经够清楚了。Whose wallet was stolen must be made clear.谁的谁的钱包被偷了必须被搞清楚。钱包被偷了必须被搞清楚。(2)连接代词连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which,whoever,whatever,wh

7、ichever等等.连接代词在从句中充当连接代词在从句中充当主语，宾语主语，宾语,表语或定语表语或定语，不不能能省略。省略。3What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.4Which side will win is not clear.8Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.9Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Find the subject clauses in the following sentenc

8、es,and translate them.思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？1.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?（01北北京春季京春季)Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich2.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.（04上海）上海）A.where B.what C.that D

9、.how（D）(B)6.Dont put off tomorrow _you can do today.7._ breaks the law will be punished.8.The reason why he didnt pass the final examination is _ he wasnt interested in study.what Whoever thatFill in the blanks:1.The servants finally decided _ first finished drawing a snake on the ground would get t

10、he cup of wine.(周测四周测四)2._ he needed was not a future scientist,but a model.(07东莞二模东莞二模)3._ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.(08高考预测高考预测)whoeverWhatWhichever3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;bec

11、ause B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;because3)连接副词连接副词 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等等。它们在它们在句句中充当中充当状语状语，不不能能省略省略。此类主语从句也可以用带有形式主语。此类主语从句也可以用带有形式主语it的句子转换。的句子转换。How this happened is not clear to anyone.When he will be back depends on the weather.How the pyramids were built is still a m

12、ystery.5Why he did it remains a mystery.6When they will start is not known yet.7How he became a great scientist is known to us all.8Where she is from is unknown.主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作作形式形式主语主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例例:That we shall be late is certain.-Its certain th

13、at we shall be late.1.That the earth is round is known to all.-2.That you missed the chance is a pity.-It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.主语从句是英语写作中经常使用的句型，它常常借助主语从句是英语写作中经常使用的句型，它常常借助于形式主语于形式主语it，请用请用it 改写以下句子：改写以下句子：1.That the earth goes around the sun

14、 is known to us all.It is known to us all that the earth goes around the sun.2.That he knows nothing about it is strange.It is strange that he knows nothing about it.3.When flood stuck the western areas wasnt reported.It wasnt reported when flood stuck the western areas.4.Whether he can come or not

15、depends on his parents.It depends on his parents whether he can come or not.5.That he didnt attend the meeting surprised us.It surprised us that the he didnt attend the meeting.6.Whether Class five can defeat(战胜战胜)Class Four isnt known yet.It isnt known yet whether Class five can defeat(战胜战胜)Class F

16、our.注注 意：意：1.What you left are only several old books.2.What you said is of great importance.3.Whether hell come here is not clear.1.“if”不能引导主语从句，应用不能引导主语从句，应用“whether”引引导。导。3.主语从句的主语从句的“that”一般一般不能不能省。省。4.“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语）根据句子的语境而定。境而定。4.主语从句需注意的问

17、题主语从句需注意的问题2.主语从句中用主语从句中用陈述陈述语序语序_-if/whether 引导的主语从句引导的主语从句 表示表示“是否是否”意义时意义时whether 引导的主语引导的主语从句可以放于从句可以放于句首、句末句首、句末，if引导的主语从引导的主语从句不能位于句首；但如果有形式主语句不能位于句首；但如果有形式主语it引导引导时，两者都可用。时，两者都可用。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.Its doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time._W

18、h 类连接副词或连接代词引导的主类连接副词或连接代词引导的主 语从句可放于句首，也可放句尾。语从句可放于句首，也可放句尾。When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear.It has not been made clear when the new road is open to traffic.wh-ever 引导的让步状语从句及名词性从句引导的让步状语从句及名词性从句 比较下列句子：比较下列句子：He believes whatever his wife says.(whatever=anything that 名词

19、性从句名词性从句)He believes his wife whatever she says.(whatever=no matter what 让步状语从句让步状语从句)Whoever breaks the school rules should be punished.(whoever=anyone who 名词性从句名词性从句)Whoever breaks the school rules，he will be punished.(whoever=no matter who 让步状从句让步状从句)1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decide

20、d.2.You have made a mistake is a fact.3.That is certain that we can win.4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5.If the policemen will come is not certain.we shallThat you haveIt isWhoeverWhether改错练习改错练习1.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?（01北北京

21、春季京春季)Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich2.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.（04上海）上海）A.where B.what C.that D.how 3.Fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.(00上海）上海）A.What B.That C.This D.Which（D）

22、(B)(B）4._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 5._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 6._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which;belong to b.As,belonged to c.What;belonging t

23、o d.It;belonging to7.Its known to us all _ a form of energy.A.water is B.that water is C.is water D.that water to 8.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.whether B.that C.what D.when9.What I say and think _ none of your business.A.is B.are C.has D have1.Little Tommy was reluctant to tel

24、l the schoolmaster _ he had done the day before.2.What the doctor really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the seirous disease soon.3._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match.4._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.5.French,

25、German and Spanish are taught in our college.You may choose _ you like.whatwhetherTherethat What why which rlkt()nt adj.不情愿的；勉强的；顽抗的 6.Dont put off tomorrow _you can do today.7._ breaks the law will be punished.8.The reason why he didnt pass the final examination is _ he wasnt interested in study.9.

26、_ you dont like him has nothing to do with me.what Whoever that ThatFill in the blanks:1.The servants finally decided _ first finished drawing a snake on the ground would get the cup of wine.(周测四周测四)2._ he needed was not a future scientist,but a model.(07东莞二模东莞二模)3._ team wins on Saturday will go th

27、rough to the national championships.(08高考预测高考预测)4.The foreign minister said,“_ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(2005NMET)whoeverWhatWhicheverIt5._ our volleyball team had beaten theirs pleased every one of us.(08预测预测)6._ is said that peoples life now is becoming more and more

28、 stressful.7._ we all know,China is rich in natural resources._ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources._ is well-known,China is rich in natural resources.ThatItAsItAs 8._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights._ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights._ who le

29、ave the room last ought to turn off the lights.9._ impressed me most is that all of them studied very hard.10._ has won the first prize in the English contest is clear to us.WhoeverAnyoneThoseWhatWho翻译练习翻译练习1.(谁将去接他谁将去接他)_ is not decided.2.(哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)_ _is not clear so far.3.(他能否买到飞票他

30、能否买到飞票)_ doesnt matter much.4.(我们如何去那里我们如何去那里)_ is a question.5.(你刚才告诉我的你刚才告诉我的)_ was really a surprise.6.(他什么时候出国他什么时候出国)_ is being discussed7.(他为什么哭他为什么哭)_ is not clear.Who will meet himwhich class will win the football game Whether he can get the plane ticket How we will go there What you told me

31、 just now When he will go abroad Why he is cryingBasic Writing:(用用主语从句主语从句把下面的要点连成把下面的要点连成5句话句话)1.众所周知众所周知,4月月22日是世界地球日。（日是世界地球日。（World Earth Day）2.据报道地球日是一个始于据报道地球日是一个始于1970年美国的全球性活年美国的全球性活动，并于动，并于1990年产生了世界性的环保运动。年产生了世界性的环保运动。3.人们能否防止我们的星球受到污染取决于全人类人们能否防止我们的星球受到污染取决于全人类能否做出共同努力能否做出共同努力(all human b

32、eings,joint efforts).4.任何一个热爱地球的人都应该相信个人都有能力任何一个热爱地球的人都应该相信个人都有能力做一些事情来改善环境。做一些事情来改善环境。5.作为高中学生作为高中学生,目前我们所能做的就是从日常生活目前我们所能做的就是从日常生活做起，节约资源，过低碳生活。（做起，节约资源，过低碳生活。（low-carbon life)1.众所周知众所周知,4月月22日是世界地球日。（日是世界地球日。（World Earth Day）It is known to us all that April 22 is Earth Day.2.据报道地球日是一个始于据报道地球日是一个始

33、于1970年美国的全球年美国的全球性活动，并于性活动，并于1990年产生了世界性的环保运年产生了世界性的环保运动。动。(global event,give birth to,a worldwide environmental movement)It is reported that Earth Day is a global event which started in the U.S.in 1970,and gave birth to a worldwide environmental movement in 1990.3.人们能否防止我们的星球受到污染取决于全人们能否防止我们的星球受到污染

34、取决于全人类能否做出共同努力人类能否做出共同努力.(all human beings,prevent from,depend on,make joint efforts).Whether people can prevent our planet from being polluted depends on whether the huaman beings can make joint efforts.4.任何一个热爱地球的人都应该相信个人都有任何一个热爱地球的人都应该相信个人都有能力做一些事情来改善环境。能力做一些事情来改善环境。(believe，have the power to do

35、sth,improve)Whoever loves our earth should believe that everyone has the power to do something to improve our environment.5.作为高中学生作为高中学生,目前我们所能做的就是从日目前我们所能做的就是从日常生活做起，节约资源，过低碳生活。常生活做起，节约资源，过低碳生活。（daily life,save resources,live a low-carbon life)As senior students,what we can do at present is to star

36、t from our daily life,save resources and live a low-carbon life.1.It is known to us all that April 22 is Earth Day.2.It is reported that Earth Day is a global event which stared in the U.S.in 1970,and gave birth to a worldwide environmental movement in 1990.3.Whether people can prevent our planet fr

37、om being polluted depends on whether the huaman beings can make joint efforts.4.Whoever loves our earth should believe that everyone has the power to do something to improve our environment.5.As senior students,what we can do at present is to start from our daily life,save resources and live a low-c

38、arbon life.1.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 2.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how 3._ made the school pro

39、ud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;because4._ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5._ that they can pass the written exam this time.A.That is hoped B.It is hoped C.It hope

40、s D.That hopes6.It was doubtful _ Mary really heard him.A.that B.if C.whether D.what1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.2.You have made a mistake is a fact.3.That is certain that we can win.4.No matter who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.5.It is important that a student

41、 learns a foreign language.we shallThat you haveIt isWhoevershould learn 单句改错单句改错6.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.7.I didnt know that you will come.hasntwould1._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.2._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known y

42、et.3._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.4._ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.WhatWhetherWhetherWhoever 6._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.7.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.8.The Foreign Minister said,“_ is our ho

43、pe that the two sides will work towards peace.”9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.ItthatItwhat击高高考直1.The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.(2004 上海上海 春春 38)A.as B.which C.what D.th

44、at解析解析:I thought 是插入语是插入语,可以把它去掉可以把它去掉不考虑不考虑.what 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句,在从在从句中作主语句中作主语.宾语从句作宾语从句作at的宾语的宾语.2._ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.（2005 上海上海-38）A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires解析解析:“It is required that”是一

45、个是一个固定句式，固定句式，it作形式主语作形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语。引导的从句为真正的主语。3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.高考真题高考真题 A.Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That答案是答案是C。“2000年奥林匹克运动会年奥林匹克运动会是否在北京举行还不知道。是否在北京举行还不知道。”4._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.高考真题高考真题 A.What B.That C.W

46、hich D.Whether答案是答案是A。“他在会上的发言使到会他在会上的发言使到会的每一个人都感到惊讶的每一个人都感到惊讶”what 表示表示“(所说的话所说的话)”,相当于相当于The words(that+/which)he said at the meeting5._ he has become a rich man is known to all in our town.高考真题高考真题 A.Because B.That C./D.What答案是答案是B。“他变成了富翁他变成了富翁,这是我这是我们镇上下班人人皆知的事。们镇上下班人人皆知的事。”根据句根据句意意,须用须用that 引

47、导的主语从句。引导的主语从句。that 在从句中不担任任何成分在从句中不担任任何成分,只起连接只起连接作用作用.That引导主语从句的时候不可省略。引导主语从句的时候不可省略。never anything more than=nothing but 只是只是 1.what has not yet been proved is his discovery.What he discovered has not yet been proved.2.whether the other astronomers accept his ideas remains a question.3.How life

48、first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientists.4.Why the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research.5.It amazed everybody that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight.6.It is a surprise that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.

49、1.4.3.5.2.6.become distinct=die out crash into=knock into 撞上撞上 block out 1.挡住光线或声音挡住光线或声音 2.忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）乌云遮住了太阳。乌云遮住了太阳。Black clouds block out the sun.多年来，她竭力想把她生命中的那一段从记忆中抹去多年来，她竭力想把她生命中的那一段从记忆中抹去 Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life.block 堵塞、阻挡、妨碍堵塞、阻挡、妨碍 a c

50、oncern dozens of millions ofA.It+系动词系动词+形容词形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,unlikely,certain,probable,necessary,right,wrong,important,certain,clear,strange，etc.)+that从句从句。如：。如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam.B.It+系动词系动词+名词词组名词词组+that从句从句(no won