2022年长沙市初中学业水平考试试卷分析报告.docx

1、2022年长沙市初中学业水平考试试卷分析报告英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1. What is Lilys favorite sport?A. Ping-pong. B. Baseball. C. Tennis.2. What does Susan want to see in the zoo?A. Monkeys. B. Tigers. C. Pandas.3. When was

2、the piano bought?A. Last week. B. Last month. C. Last year.4. What is Henrys dream job?A. A coach. B. An artist. C. A doctor.5. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a bank. B. In a classroom. C. In a restaurant.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每

3、段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第六段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How was Marys trip to Beijing?A. Tiring. B. Wonderful. C. Terrible.7. Which place did Mary like best?A. The Summer Palace. B. The Forbidden City. C. The Great Wall.听第七段材料，回答第8、9题。8. What is Annas problem?A. She cant speak Eng

4、lish well. B. She has difficulty in math. C. Her teacher is too strict.9. Who will help Anna?A. The boy. B. Her mom. C. Her math teacher.听第八段材料，回答第10、11题。10. What did the doctor ask the man to eat?A. Cakes. B. Seafood. C. Vegetables.11. What do the speakers mainly talk about?A. The doctors advice. B

5、. Fresh fruit. C. Healthy drinks.听第九段材料，回答第12至14题。12. What is the boy doing?A. Doing his homework. B. Playing a game. C. Reading a book.13. When can the boy play games according to his mom?A. After finishing his homework. B. After eating dinner. C. After growing up.14. What does the boy think of the

6、 rules?A. Reasonable. B. Enjoyable. C. Boring.听第十段材料，回答第15至17题。15. Where does Mike think he lost his earphones?A. On the bus. B. In the library. C. At the airport.16. How does the girl help Mike?A. By finding him his earphones. B. By lending him her earphones. C. By buying him new earphones.17. What

7、 will Mike do tonight?A. Visit a supermarket. B. Watch a movie. C. Meet his sister.听第十一段材料，回答第18至20题。18. Where was Peppa Pig made?A. In the USA. B. In Australia. C. In the UK.19. What does Peppa like to do?A. Hang out with George. B. Ride bikes and swim. C. Watch TV shows.20 Who is good at working o

8、n the computer?A. Peppas dad. B. Peppas mom. C. Peppas brother.（一）选材及其命题特点今年中考的听力材料所涉及的内容均为学生所熟悉的学习和生活经历。相对往年来说听力材料更加口语化、生活化、情景化，便于学生理解。主要考察学生理解说话者的意图并从中提取信息的能力，试题难度整体偏简单。（二） 教学建议1. 重视基础词汇的记忆与默写。2. 课上加强教材中的单词、短语、对话及课文的朗读训练。3. 每天坚持定量的英文听力材料输入，培养听感。第二部分阅读（共三节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A

9、、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。AEnglish Reading Salon（沙龙） Johnson Library Room 208 Read |Talk| Have free tea Thursday, June 30（7:00 p.m.8:30 p.m.） Robinson Crusoe by Daniel DefoeFor more information, you can visit1. How long will the salon last?A. 60 minutes.B. 90 minutes.C. 120 minutes.2. What can you do for fre

10、e at the salon?A. Eat cookies.B. Have dinner.C. Drink tea.【答案】1. B 2. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了英语阅读沙龙的地点、时间、书籍、网址等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Thursday, June 30（7:00 p.m.8:30 p.m.）”可知英语阅读沙龙是从晚上7点到8点半，一共1.5小时，即90分钟，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“Have free tea”可知可以免费喝茶，故选C。BLostI lost my smartphone at West Park on Loomis Road on Monda

11、y morning, Oct. 27. The photos in it havent been uploaded（上传）to the Cloud. They are very important to me. Please call me at 730-8607.posted by Steve LeeFoundA young black dog, cute and friendly, was found in Brooklyn Springs on Nov. 19. If you know the owner of this dog, please let him/her know or e

12、-mail me at dorajones.posted by Dora JonesLostMy 11-month-old cat Linda is grey with dark stripes（条纹）on her back. She has brown eyes. She was last seen at Jessicas on Center Street on May 9. If you see her, please call me at 730-9725.posted by Molly Louis3. Who lost a smartphone?A. Dora Jones.B. Mol

13、ly Louis.C. Steve Lee.4. Why did Dora post the information?A. To find the dogs owner.B. To find her own dog.C. To buy a black dog.5. What do we know about the missing cat Linda?A. She is 10 months old.B. She was last seen on May 9.C. She is all black.【答案】3. C 4. A 5. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，包括两则寻物启事和一则失物招

14、领启事。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一栏“I lost my smartphone. posted by Steve Lee”可知，Steve Lee丢了一部手机。故选C。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二栏“A young black dog, cute and friendly, was found. If you know the owner of this dog, please let him/her know.”可知，Dora发现一只狗，她贴启事的原因是想找到狗的主人。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三栏“She was last seen at Jessicas on Ce

15、nter Street on May 9.”可知，这只猫最后一次被看到是在5月9日，B正确。故选B。CThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of the great works by Mark Twain. The book is so interesting. Even today, it is quite popular among kids. Although I am in my thirties, the book remains one of my favorites. After re-reading the book recently, I h

16、ave learned an important lesson from Tom Sawyer.In our daily lives, we are often given some boring or tiring tasks. Whats in your mind when your mom tells you to clean the floor? Have you ever wanted to complain（抱怨）? I think most people have.Tom Sawyer, however, thought “differently” when he was giv

17、en a boring task. One Saturday morning, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence（篱笆）. Toms friend Ben Rogers happened to walk past. Instead of complaining, Tom told Ben that he felt “excited” about the task. “Only one in a thousandmaybe even two thousand boys can do this!” Tom said.Toms words made Ben

18、 interested in the task. He even gave Tom his apple so that he could have a chance to paint the fence. If Tom had thought about nothing but complaining, he would have had a bad day painting the fence.This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless. The next time you are given a borin

19、g or tiring task, dont complain. Unlike what happens in the story of Tom Sawyer, it is unlikely that someone will come and do the work for you. However, without complaining, youll feel better and perhaps even do a better job!6. Who is the writer of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer?A. Aunt Polly.B. Mark

20、Twain.C. Ben Rogers.7. According to the writer, what is most peoples immediate reaction（即时反应）to a boring task?A. Complaining about it.B. Accepting it.C. Refusing it.8. What did Aunt Polly ask Tom to do in this text?A. Visit Ben.B. Clean the floor.C. Paint the fence.9. Why did Tom say the underlined

21、sentence to Ben in Paragraph 3?A. To express his sadness.B. To catch Bens interest.C. To show his anger.10. What does the writer learn from Tom Sawyer?A. It is no use complaining.B. Refusing is the best choice.C. Waiting is the only way out.【答案】6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过读了汤姆索亚历险记，从

22、中学到了抱怨是没有用的。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据“The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of the great works by Mark Twain.”可知，汤姆索亚历险记的作者是马克吐温。故选B。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据“Have you ever wanted to complain（抱怨）? I think most people have.”可知，大多数人对无聊任务的即时反应是抱怨。故选A。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据“One Saturday morning, Aunt Polly told Tom to paint the fence.

23、”可知，波莉阿姨叫汤姆给篱笆上漆。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据“Toms words made Ben interested in the task.”可推断出，Tom说这句话是为了吸引Ben的兴趣。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据“This story teaches me a valuable lesson: Complaining is useless.”可知，作者从汤姆的身上学到了：抱怨是没有用的。故选A。DOtters（水獭）are cute water animals. These days, keeping otters as pets is getting pop

24、ular. In Japan, some “otter cafs（咖啡馆）” are open for business. People can pay to play with the otters there and to take photos with them. In Indonesia, people go swimming with their pet otters and take funny videos. These photos and videos posted online have interested more people to buy otters as pe

25、ts.However, these enjoyable photos and videos hide the damage（损害）that the online trade is doing to otters. In fact, wild otters are facing many threatsthey have long been hunted（猎杀）for their coats; in some places, fishermen have been killing otters in order to stop them from eating fish; and now, th

26、e online pet trade has become another big problem for otters.In the wild, baby otters usually stay with their mothers during their first year of life. According to a report, 70% of the otters sold online are under one year old. These baby otters have been stolen from their mothers. When they are kep

27、t as pets by humans, they do not live full and natural lives.Otters are very social. They live in family groups of up to 15 in the wild. Keeping an otter as a pet can make it very sad and lonely. These animals also need enough space to swim. Their owners bathtubs（浴缸）or pools are nowhere near as larg

28、e as the bodies of water in the wild.On the other hand, otters simply dont make good pets. They have a very special fishy smell. If they are kept indoors, they will leave a lot of waste around the house. This would make the smell even more unpleasant. Besides, when otters are unhappy, they will make

29、 loud noises and even attack（攻击）people. If a person is hurt by an otter, he or she needs to go to hospital at once. So, we should stop the otter pet trade and never share photos and videos about them online.11. What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?A. The ways of buying otters online.B. The advant

30、ages of playing with otters.C. The popularity of keeping otters as pets.12. What does the underlined word “threats” mean in Paragraph 2?A. 机遇B. 威胁C. 选择13. What do we know about otters in the wild?A. They live in family groups of up to 15.B. They dont need enough space to swim.C. Baby otters never st

31、ay with their mothers.14. Why dont otters make good pets?a. They may attack people.b. They may make loud noises.c. They have a special fishy smell.d. They need to go to hospital often.A. a, b, cB. a, b, dC. b, c, d15. What is the writers main purpose of writing the text?A. To tell people the otters

32、living habits.B. To teach people how to keep a pet otter.C. To call on people to stop the otter pet trade.【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了水獭不应该被当成宠物来养的原因，并呼吁大家停止水獭宠物交易。【11题详解】段落大意题。根据“Otters（水獭）are cute water animals. These days, keeping otters as pets is getting popular.”和本段后文可知，首句点

33、明了该段主旨：养水獭当宠物很流行。故选C。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据“they have long been hunted（猎杀）for their coats”可知，水獭一直以来都被人们猎杀以获取皮毛，这是水獭面临的威胁，threats表示“威胁”。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据“Otters are very social. They live in family groups of up to 15 in the wild.”可知，水獭生活在家庭成员多达15个的群体里，A正确。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据“They have a very special fishy

34、 smellBesides, when otters are unhappy, they will make loud noises and even attack（攻击）people.”可知，水獭不适合当宠物的原因包括：它们有一种非常特殊的鱼腥味；当水獭不高兴时，它们会发出很大的噪音；它们会攻击人。a, b, c正确。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据“So, we should stop the otter pet trade and never share photos and videos about them online.”可知，尾段点明全文主旨，写作目的是呼吁大家停止水獭宠物

35、交易。故选C。（一） 命题特点及解题技巧阅读理解着重考察学生对有关日常生活话题文章的理解能力，文章语言地道、内容清楚、结构紧凑。短文使用的词汇符合初中毕业生的认知水平。阅读材料真实贴近生活。本次中考阅读理解主要分为细节理解、词义猜测、段落大意及主旨大意等四种题型，意在重点考察学生领悟文章主旨；理解文章的具体细节；根据上下文推测生词词义；对文章作出简单的判断推理并能揣测作者的意图和态度等。细节理解题：这类题在阅读理解中所占比例较大。它常常针对文章中的事实和细节进行提问,即针对(w)h-问题,如用when,where,why,how,who,which,what等进行提问,目的在于测试学生对说明文

36、章中心思想的支撑事实和细节的理解能力。所谓“事实细节”,是指在阅读理解的短文中客观存在的事实。细节理解题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。一般来说,应在短文中找出相关信息的位置,确定试题测试的考点。当然,有的试题还得对原文所提供的事实进行一定的分析比较,才能做出正确的选择。(1)搜寻直接答案的阅读技巧先阅读所给的问题,判断其是否适合采用直接搜寻的阅读方法。如果所提问题是文章中出现的内容(即直接性答案),就可直接搜寻答案。(2)搜寻间接答案的阅读技巧阅读文章所给的问题,判断哪些题目可以依靠通读来解决。比如概括文章主题,给无标题文章选标题,指出作者的观点、意图等的题目就需要依靠通读来解决。用较短的时间

37、大体上浏览一下阅读材料,注意文章有可能涉及什么内容,属于什么体裁,以及文章安排的大体轮廓等。从头到尾阅读一遍。一般来说,第一段或前几句包含作者的基本思想和下文的发展线索,它是全文展开的基础,为下文发展搭建了理论框架。认真阅读第一段或文章的前几句,尽量抓住其中的主要情节和论点,把握全文发展的脉络。词义猜测题：这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到

38、不认识的词语是否都查词典呢?答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢?利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。主旨大意题：该题型要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻

39、辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。The human population on Earth grows larger each year. As a result, _16_. Because of climate change（气候变化）, growing more food is becoming even more difficult.When farmers tried to grow more food in the past, they would u

40、se farming methods that werent always healthy for the environment. To solve this problem, _17_. They spent several years talking to farmers. They wanted to see what problems farmers were having and how these problems could be solved. _18_. These special robots move around on farms and collect inform

41、ation about crops（庄稼）. They can take pictures of plants, track（追踪）each plants growth and measure（测量）its size.In the past, though farmers did have information about the weather and the earth, they couldnt track each plant. _19_.By collecting information about plants, the robots can help farmers make

42、predictions（预测）about how their plants will grow. _20_. For example, if the robots find out which plants get sick, farmers can quickly throw them away before they are about to influence nearby plants. With the help of these robots, farmers can take better care of the plants in need.A. But now, with t

43、hese robots, they canB. This led to the creation of special robotsC. some scientists carried out a research projectD. more and more food needs to be grown in order to feed everyoneE. By studying each plant, the robots can also help farmers grow plants well【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. E【解析】【导语】本文主

44、要讲述了因为气候变化，种植更多的粮食变得更加困难，但是因为机器人的出现，可以帮助解决这个问题。【16题详解】根据“The human population on Earth grows larger each year. As a result.growing more food is becoming even more difficult.”可知此处是介绍地球上的人口每年都在增长的结果，选项D“为了养活每个人，需要种植越来越多的粮食。”符合语境，故选D。【17题详解】根据“To solve this problem. They spent several years talking to

45、farmers”可知此处介绍一些人为了解决问题，他们花了几年时间与农民交谈，选项C“一些科学家进行了一项研究项目”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据“how these problems could be solved.These special robots”可知此处是介绍机器人的出现可以帮助农民解决问题，选项B“这导致了特殊机器人的诞生”符合语境，故选B。【19题详解】根据“In the past, though farmers did have information about the weather and the earth, they couldnt track each pl

46、ant. ”（过去，尽管农民确实掌握了天气和地球的信息，但他们无法追踪每一株植物。）可知此处是暗含转折关系，选项A“但现在，有了这些机器人，他们可以”符合语境，故选A。【20题详解】根据“For example, if the robots find out which plants get sick, farmers can quickly throw them away before they are about to influence nearby plants.”可知此处是介绍机器人是如何帮助农民的，选项E“通过研究每一种植物，机器人还可以帮助农民把植物种好”符合语境，故选E。语篇补

47、全该题型要求考生阅读完一篇文章后,从题目给出的几个句子中选择正确选项,将其字母序号填入空白处,使文章意思完整。通常故事情节有较明确的时间线索。首尾句通常不设空,设空以逻辑关系为线索,侧重补充完整后文章情节的合理性。考生在做此类题时要关注各句子之间逻辑关系的种类,如并列、递进、转折、因果等,并能熟练掌握表达各种逻辑关系的关键词,如and,besides,but/however,because或so等,最终能利用已掌握的逻辑关系知识将文章还原。在阅读句子还原题给出的选项中我们可以发现一些特点:该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。另外,多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除,例如,在干扰项中,主旨概括句要么过于宽泛,要么以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构,注释性句子与上文脱节等。第三节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。MessageNew Repl