Loveisa Fallacy(张汉熙高级英语 )课件.pptx

1、Lesson Five Aims 1.To have a basic knowledge of the terms in logic.2.To appreciate the humor in the story.3.To analyze the structure of the story4.To appreciate the language Teaching Contents1.Special terms in logic2.Detailed study of the text 3.Organizational pattern4.The chief attraction of the st

2、ory 5.Language features 6.ExercisesTime allocation1.Terms in logic (15 min.)2.Detailed study of the text(110 min.)3.Structure analysis(15 min.)4.Language appreciation(15 min.)5.Exercise (25 min.)Lesson FivenI.Special terms in logicnargument-a statement which is offered as an evidence or a proof.n It

3、 consists of two major elementsn1.conclusionn2.premises-a previous statement serving as a basis for an argument.n Conclusion is to be drawn from premises.Special terms in logicnfallacy-false reasoning,as in an argumentna weakness and lack of logic or good sense in an argument or piece of reasoningfa

4、llacy nUsually,an argument is correct(deductively valid)if the premises can provide enough conclusive evidence for the conclusion.Otherwise the argument is wrong.It is said to be fallacious.Special terms in logicnThree kinds of fallacy:n1.material fallacy-in its material content through a misstateme

5、nt of the facts.n2.verbal fallacy-in its wording through an incorrect use of terms.n3.formal fallacy-in its structure through the use of an improper process of inference.False Analogyn High school should not require a freshman writing course.Harvard doesnt require a freshman writing course,and the s

6、tudents get along fine without it.n-The analogy is false because the two items dont have strong enough similarities to predict that what happens in one will happen in the other.Dicta Simplicitern Everyone wants to get married someday.n-The example starts a logical train of thought with an assumption

7、 that is false.Not everyone wants to get married.Evading the issuenThere are a number of handy fallacies that people press into service to side step a problem while appearing to pursue the point.(文不对题)1）Distractionn Suds n Puds is a great restaurant:you can see how shining clean the kitchens are.n-T

8、he example is called distraction because the readers attention is drawn to the cleanliness of the kitchen instead of to the excellence of the food,which is usually the determiner of a great restaurant.2）Ad hominem nagainst the person.poisoning the welln Ms Bauer is a terrible English teacher.She alw

9、ays wears blue jeansn-Instead of point out faults in teaching technique,it calls attention to things about a teacher as a person that are unrelated to her teaching performance.3）Ad misericordian(an appeal to pity)n Look at this fourteen-year-old child whos run away from home to hide her shame-pregna

10、nt,unwashed,friendless.penniless,at the mercy of our social service agencies.Can you till claim that sex should be taught in the classroom?3）Ad misericordian(an appeal to pity)n-In this shifty approach to argumentation,the writer gives tear jerking descriptions of the cruel opponents victims in orde

11、r to arouse sympathy from the reader.Hasty GeneralizationnMr Wangs handwriting is terrible.Mr.Hus handwriting is also terrible and you know how terrible mens handwriting is.n-It applies a special case to general rule.That fact that certain persons handwriting is bad doesnt imply that all mens handwr

12、iting is bad.Post hoc,ergo propter hoc n“After this,therefore because of thisnThe last five times that Ive worn my white pants,something depressing has happened.Im not going to wear those pants again!n-This fallacy assumes that if event Y happened after event X,then X must be the cause of Y.Circular

13、 Reasoning nor Begging the question:n Juan is an impressive speaker because he always touches his listeners deeply.Circular Reasoning n-This problem occurs when the writer tries to support a claim by restating it in different words.You can tell this example is circular by considering this“Why is Jua

14、n an impressive speaker?”“Because he touches his listeners deeply.?”“Why are Juans listeners touched so deeply?”“Because he is an impressive speaker.”n impressive=touching someone deeplyreel back n-step away suddenly and unsteadily,as after a blow or shockn When she hit him,he reeled back and almost

15、 fell.overcome-be overwhelmednIf you are overcome by a feeling,you feel it very stronglynI was overcome by a sense of failure.nHe was overcome with astonishment.infamy nwicked behavior,public dishonor,being shameful/disgracefulninfamous nwell known for wicked,evil behavior.ninfamous action,wicked,sh

16、ameful,disgracefulrat-metaphor(Am.sl.)nused for describing a sneaky,contemptible person.modulate n adjust,vary the pitch,intensity of the voicenSome people are able to modulate their voices according to the size of the room in which they speak.jitterbug-n1.a quick active popular dance of the 1940sn2

17、.a person who did this sort of dancenAm.sl.na person who is very nervousnjitters-n.njittery-adj.nervous,unstableFrankensteinnThe young student in Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley(1797-1851)romance of that name(1818),a classic horror story.Frankenstein made a soulless monster out of corpses from church-ya

18、rds and dissecting-rooms and endued（赋予）it with life by galvanism.（流电疗法）The tale shows the creature longed for sympathy,but was shunned(躲避)by everyone and became the instrument of dreadful retribution（惩罚）on the student who usurped the prerogative（特权）of the creatornhttp:/ main idea of this lesson:nIt

19、is about a law student who tries to marry the girl after suitable re-education,but hes been too clever for his own good.nThe narrator,Dobie Gillis,a freshman in a law school,is the protagonistProtagonist:na law school studentnvery youngnclevernover-conceited-cool,logical,keen,calculating,perspicacio

20、us,acute,astute,npowerful,precise,penetratingAntagonistsn1.Petey Burch-pitiful,dump,roommate,faddistn2.Polly Espy-beautiful,gracious,stupidIII.Organizational Patternn4 sectionsnSect.I para 1-3n It is the authors note.n 1.The authors idea about this story.n 2.The authors idea about the purpose of thi

21、s story.III.Organizational PatternnSect II para.4-59nthe bargain between the law student and his roommate over the exchange of the girl,III.Organizational Patternnsub-divisions:n1)p4 introduction of the narrator-protagonistn2)p5-21 introduction of the first antagonist-Petey BurchnHe downgrades his r

22、oommate,who has nothing upstairs.n3)p22-27 introduction of he second antagonist-Polly EspyIII.Organizational Patternn4)p 28-40 sounding out/finding out the relationship between Petey and Polly.n5)p.40-59 unethical transaction over PollynThe student gives the raccoon coat the roommate wants,and his r

23、oommate gives his girl friend in return.They have a kind of deal.III.Organizational PatternnSect III.para 60-124nthe teaching of 8 logical fallaciesn10 sub-divisions:n1.p60-61na survey,first date with the girl,first impression of the girl.He tries to find out how stupid she is.III.Organizational Pat

24、ternn2.p62-74 the teaching of Dicto Simplicitern3.P75-79 the teaching of Hasty Generalizationn4.p80-85 Post Hocn5.p86-96 Contradictory Premisesn6.p97-98 interposition,He wants to give the girl back.III.Organizational Patternn7.p99-104 Ad Misericordiamn8.p105-108 False Analogyn9.p109-114 Hypothesis C

25、ontrary to Factn10.p 115-124 Poisoning the WellIII.Organizational PatternnSect.IV.para125 the ending of the storynbackfiring of all the arguments nThe girl learns her lessons too well.She uses all the logical fallacies to fight back her teacher.Pay attention to the change of his emotions:n1.favoring

26、 her with a smilen2.chuckled with amusementn3.chuckled with somewhat less amusementn4.forcing a smile/ground my teethn5.croaked,dashed perspiration from my brown6.bellowing like a bullIV.The chief attraction of this lessonnIts humornThe whole story is a piece of light,humorous satire,satirizing a sm

27、ug,self-conceited freshman in a law school.IV.the chief attraction of this lessonnWhy:n1)the titlenThe title is humorous.The writer wants the readers to conclude that love is an error,a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic.IV.the chief attraction of this lessonn2)the

28、 authors noten spongy,limp,flaccid are specific characteristics of his essay.He is joking,which indicates that the whole story is humorous.n3)the contrast-nthe law student&the girl&Peteynboasting himself-downgrading the othersnthe student-the girlIV.the chief attraction of this lessonn4)the ending o

29、f the storynthe raccoon coat which the law student despises and give it to his roommate for the exchange of his girl friend has finally become the rootcause of his losing his girl friend.n5)the clever choice of the namesnPettey-pitynEspy-I spyV.Language features:n1.American colloquialismn2.Informal

30、style nshort sentencesnelliptical sentences-to increase the tempo of the story ndashes n3.rhetorical devices V.Language features:n4.sharp contrast in the languagen1)the law student uses ultra learned termsnstandard Englishn100%correct n2)clipped vulgar forms,slang wordsngee,magnif,terrif,pshaw,n5.inverted sentences