人教版高三英语语法专题讲解非谓语动词课件.ppt

1、语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词就是在句中不能单独作谓非谓语动词就是在句中不能单独作谓语的动词语的动词,有动词不定式、动词的有动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和形式和-ed形式三种形式三种.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词考点一动词不定式考点一动词不定式动词不定式由动词不定式由“to动词原形动词原形”构成构成,有三种时态有三种时态:(1)一般式一般式to do,不定式的动作发生在不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之后或几乎同时发生；谓语动词之后或几乎同

2、时发生；(2)进行时进行时to be doing,不定式与谓语不定式与谓语动词的动作同时发生；动词的动作同时发生；语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(3)完成时完成时to have done,不定式的动作不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生在谓语动词之前发生.被动形式被动形式to be done和和to have been done.否定形式为否定形式为not to do.不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语语、定语、状语和补语.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词1作主语作主语To master a foreign la

3、nguage is necessary.掌握一门外语是必要的掌握一门外语是必要的.2作宾语作宾语(1)可用不定式作宾语的动词常见可用不定式作宾语的动词常见的有的有:want,wish,agree,like,decide,语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词begin,start,learn,pretend,ask,promise,plan,intend,refuse等等.I wish to see you soon.我希望能早日见到你我希望能早日见到你.(2)可用疑问代词或疑问副词可用疑问代词或疑问副词what,which,whom,where,when,how加不加不定式作宾

4、语定式作宾语,但不定式的逻辑主语与但不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致句子的主语要一致.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词I really dont know what to do/how to do it.我确实不知道该怎么做我确实不知道该怎么做.(3)不定式作介词不定式作介词but和和except的宾的宾语时语时,其前若有其前若有do动词动词,则要省略则要省略to.She could do nothing but cry.除了哭除了哭,她别无他法她别无他法.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词3作表语作表语The best treatment for fa

5、tness is to reduce the internal fat.减肥的最好办法是减少体内脂肪减肥的最好办法是减少体内脂肪.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词【注意注意】若主语部分有行为动词若主语部分有行为动词do时时,作表作表语的不定式可带语的不定式可带to,也可省也可省to.All we could do was(to)watch him.我们能做的就是监视他我们能做的就是监视他.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词4作定语作定语I have a lot of work to do today.我今天有很多工作要做我今天有很多工作要做.5作状语作状语

6、He went abroad to learn English.他去国外是为了学习英语他去国外是为了学习英语.(表目的表目的,相当于相当于in order to)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站却发现列车已开走他匆忙赶到车站却发现列车已开走了了.(表结果表结果)表结果时常见于下列句型表结果时常见于下列句型:too.to.,so/such.as to.,enough.to.,only to.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词He

7、wept to hear the news.听到那消息后他哭了听到那消息后他哭了.(表原因表原因)【注意注意】作目的状语时作目的状语时,不定式表不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之后发生；作示的动作在谓语动作之后发生；作原因状语时原因状语时,不定式表示的动作在谓不定式表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生语动作之前发生.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词6作补语作补语接不定式作宾补的动词常见的有接不定式作宾补的动词常见的有:advise,allow,permit,ask,beg,persuade,want,order,encourage,force,get,invite,expect,teac

8、h,wish,warn等等.Ill try to get her to see the doctor.我会尽力让她去看医生我会尽力让她去看医生.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词【注意注意】感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定感官动词和使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省式要省to,但当句子为被动语态时但当句子为被动语态时,则则不能省不能省to.这类词有这类词有:一感一感(feel),二听二听(hear,listen to),三让三让(let,have,make),五看五看(see,watch,notice,observe,look at).语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓

9、语动词They knew her very well.They had seen her grow up from childhood.他们很了解她他们很了解她,是看着她长大的是看着她长大的.(省省to)The patient was made not to eat oily food after the operation.病人术后不准吃油腻食品病人术后不准吃油腻食品.(不能省不能省to)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词完成下列句子完成下列句子(1)It takes about 10 minutes _(步行去汽车站步行去汽车站)(2)He is always the f

10、irst one _(到达学校到达学校)to get to the bus station on footto get to school语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(3)Have you had Peter_(clean)the windows?(4)Ive come here _(tell)you that your parents are going to see you this evening.cleanto tell语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(5)He made Tom do his homework in the study ro

11、om all night.(改用被改用被动语态动语态)Tom _his homework in the study room all night.was made to do语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(6)To complete the project by the end of this month is necessary.(改用形式改用形式主语主语)_the project by the end of this month.It is necessary to complete语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(7)The boy preten

12、ded that he didnt see me when he passed by me.(改用不改用不定式作宾语定式作宾语)The boy pretended _when he passed by me.not to see me语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词考点二动词考点二动词-ing形式形式1作主语作主语动名词作主语时动名词作主语时,往往指规律性或经往往指规律性或经常性发生的事常性发生的事.谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数.有有时可用时可用it作形式主语作形式主语.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词【注意注意】It is no use/good do

13、ing sth.“做某事做某事没有用没有用”是固定句式是固定句式.如如:Its no use reasoning with him.和他理论是没有和他理论是没有用的用的.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词2作宾语作宾语(1)作动词宾语作动词宾语.在某些动词后面在某些动词后面,只只能接动名词作宾语能接动名词作宾语.如如:enjoy,mind,suggest,miss,cant help,be worth,imagine,escape,avoid,admit,allow,forbid,keep,finish,consider(考虑考虑),appreciate等等.语法专项训练语法

14、专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(2)作介词宾语作介词宾语.如如:By doing so,we can make it easier.【注意注意】有些带有些带to的短语后只能的短语后只能接接doing,即即to是介词是介词.如如:refer to,lead to,look forward to,pay attention to,be devoted to,be used to等等.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词3作表语作表语(1)动名词作表语动名词作表语,说明主语的内容说明主语的内容,指指一般性、经常性的动作一般性、经常性的动作.His job is teaching

15、 English.他的工作他的工作是教英语是教英语.(可以说成可以说成Teaching English is his job.)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(2)现在分词作表语现在分词作表语,相当于形容词相当于形容词,说明主语的性质；可有比较形式说明主语的性质；可有比较形式,亦亦可被可被very等副词所修饰等副词所修饰.He was very amusing.他很有趣他很有趣.Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比溜冰更刺激滑雪比溜冰更刺激.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词4作定语作定语(1)动名词作定语表示

16、所修饰名词的功动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的功能；被修饰的名词与动名词没有逻辑能；被修饰的名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；可用上的主谓关系；可用“名词名词for动动名词名词”来表达；动名词通常只能位于来表达；动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前所修饰的名词前.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词Heres a swimming pool(a pool for swimming)这里有一个游泳池这里有一个游泳池.(pool与与swimming没有主谓关系没有主谓关系)(2)现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、现在分词作定语表示性质、特征、状态或动作；被修饰的名词与现在分状态或动作；被修饰的

17、名词与现在分词在逻辑上有主谓关系词在逻辑上有主谓关系,可换成定语可换成定语从句来表达；从句来表达；语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词单个的现在分词作定语单个的现在分词作定语,常置于被修常置于被修饰的名词的前面；现在分词短语作定饰的名词的前面；现在分词短语作定语语,须置于被修饰名词的后面须置于被修饰名词的后面.Nobody can stop the running horse(the horse that is running)没有人能阻止那匹奔马没有人能阻止那匹奔马.(horse与与running在逻辑上有主谓关系在逻辑上有主谓关系)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词

18、非谓语动词I know the man standing there(who is standing there)我认识站在那儿的那个人我认识站在那儿的那个人.(the man与与standing there在逻辑在逻辑上有主谓关系上有主谓关系)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词5作状语作状语现在分词作状语表示在进行某一动作现在分词作状语表示在进行某一动作的同时所进行的另一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用动词起修饰和陪衬的作用.现在分词现在分词或分词短语作状语可以表示时间、原或分词短语作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、行为方式或伴随状因、

19、结果、条件、行为方式或伴随状况等况等.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词Walking around the city,we were impressed by the development of industry.在城市里走时在城市里走时,这个城市工业的发达这个城市工业的发达给我们留下了深刻的印象给我们留下了深刻的印象.(时间时间)Using your mind,youll work out the problem.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词用用你的脑子用用你的脑子,你就会解出这道题你就会解出这道题.(条件条件)Being ill,he cant

20、 go to school like other children.因为生病因为生病,他不能像其他小孩一样去他不能像其他小孩一样去上学上学.(原因原因)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词He worked late into night,preparing for the coming test.他工作到深夜他工作到深夜,准备即将到来的考试准备即将到来的考试.(伴随伴随)Traveling by train,we visited a lot of cities.我们坐火车访问了许多城市我们坐火车访问了许多城市.(方式方式)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词6

21、作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(1)动词动词-ing形式用作宾语补足语形式用作宾语补足语,宾宾语与补足语有主动关系语与补足语有主动关系,表示表示“动作动作正在发生正在发生(即处于发生的过程中即处于发生的过程中)”.She caught them stealing her apples.她撞见他们偷她的苹果她撞见他们偷她的苹果.语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(them与与stealing有主动关系；有主动关系；在在“撞见撞见”时时,正在偷正在偷)I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感到风迎面吹来我能感到风迎面吹来.(the win

22、d与与blowing有主动关系；在有主动关系；在“感觉到感觉到”时时,正在吹正在吹)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(2)试比较以下句子试比较以下句子:I saw the boy climb the wall.我看见小孩爬墙我看见小孩爬墙.(强调爬墙这件事强调爬墙这件事)I saw the boy climbing the wall.我看见小孩正在爬墙我看见小孩正在爬墙.(强调爬墙的强调爬墙的情景情景)语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词【考点链接考点链接】1用动词的用动词的-ing形式转换下列句子形式转换下列句子(1)Its necessary to ge

23、t water from wet to dry places._from wet to dry places _necessary.解析解析:动名词作主语动名词作主语.Getting wateris语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(2)Tom was late again,which made his teacher angry._ again made his teacher angry.解析解析:动名词作主语动名词作主语.Toms being late语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(3)When he approached me,he gave m

24、e a hug._ me,he gave me a hug.解析解析:现在分词作状语现在分词作状语.When approaching语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(4)Because he was absent from many classes,he failed the exam._from many classes,he failed the exam.解析解析:现在分词作状语现在分词作状语.Being absent语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(5)He sat there and read a novel.He sat there_解析解析

25、:现在分词作状语现在分词作状语.2用所给动词的适当形式填空用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)_(do)research is not easy in the countryside.解析解析:动名词作主语动名词作主语.reading a novelDoing语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(2)Mike enjoys _(talk)to foreigners in English.解析解析:动名词作动词宾语动名词作动词宾语.enjoy doing sth.固定搭配固定搭配.(3)Many city kids look forward to _(visit)the farm.解析

26、解析:动名词作介词的宾语动名词作介词的宾语.look forward to doing sth.固定搭配固定搭配.talkingvisiting语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(4)I remember _(give)him the book yesterday.解析解析:表示记得做了某事表示记得做了某事,remember后接动名词作宾语后接动名词作宾语.(5)The speed of the horses was _(amaze)解析解析:现在分词作表语现在分词作表语.givingamazing语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(6)This is a

27、_(bore)story.解析解析:现在分词作定语现在分词作定语.(7)Do you know the man _(talk)to Jack?解析解析:现在分词短语作定语现在分词短语作定语,相当于相当于who is talking.boringtalking语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(8)I dont like that _(wash)machine.解析解析:动名词作定语动名词作定语,表示用途表示用途.(9)Dont leave him _(wait)outside in the rain.解析解析:现在分词作宾补现在分词作宾补.washingwaiting语法专项训练语法专项训练(九九)非谓语动词非谓语动词(10)Her _(shake)hands suggested that she felt scared.解析解析:动名词短语作主语动名词短语作主语.shaking