初中英语复合句 宾语从句 状语从句 定语从句课件.pptx

1、(复合句)宾语从句、状语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句定语从句中考考点中考考点1宾语从句的时态、语序及句中引导词的选用。宾语从句的时态、语序及句中引导词的选用。2状语从句中的连词及时态。状语从句中的连词及时态。3定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。考点一 宾语从句概念概念：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语1引导词引导词(1)(1)在在that that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，t

2、hatthat可以省略。可以省略。egeg：The radio says(that)it will rain tomorrow.The radio says(that)it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天要下雨。收音机报道说明天要下雨。(2)(2)连接代词连接代词whichwhich，whatwhat，whowho等或连接副词等或连接副词how,how,where,why,whenwhere,why,when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。从句改用陈述语序。egeg：Could you tell me Could y

3、ou tell me what he said to you?to you?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？(3)whether(3)whether 或或 if if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。如：语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。如：I wonder I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li you have told the news to Li Lei.Lei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。注意注

4、意 下列几种情况通常使用下列几种情况通常使用whetherwhether：具有选择意义且又有具有选择意义且又有oror或或or notor not，尤其是直接与，尤其是直接与or or notnot连用时，往往用连用时，往往用whetherwhether；egeg：Could you tell me whether go or not?Could you tell me whether go or not?介词之后用介词之后用whetherwhether；egeg,：We are talking about whether well go on the We are talking about

5、 whether well go on the pinicpinic.不定式前用不定式前用whetherwhether。egeg：We decided whether to walk there.We decided whether to walk there.2时态(1)(1)当主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态当主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态 Do you know if/whether he Do you know if/whether he has seen the film?the film?(2)(2)当主句的谓语动词为一般过去式，从句要用相应的过去当主

6、句的谓语动词为一般过去式，从句要用相应的过去时态。时态。EgEg：We asked what Jean We asked what Jean was doing then.then.我们问琼那时正在做什么。我们问琼那时正在做什么。(3)(3)当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。用一般现在时。EgEg：Lisa asked whether light Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than faster than sound.sound.丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声

7、音快。丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。3语序（疑问词（疑问词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他）其他）(1)(1)陈述句改为宾语从句时，语序不变。如：陈述句改为宾语从句时，语序不变。如：He is a good child.The teacher said.He is a good child.The teacher said.The teacher said(that)he was a good childThe teacher said(that)he was a good child.老师说他是个好孩子。老师说他是个好孩子。(2)(2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，语序改为陈述一般疑问句

8、和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，语序改为陈述语序。如：语序。如：Does he work hardDoes he work hard？I wonder.I wonder.I wonder if/whether I wonder if/whether he works hard 我想知道他工作是否努力。我想知道他工作是否努力。When did he leaveWhen did he leave？I dont know.I dont know.I dont know when he left.I dont know when he left.我不知道他是什么时候离开的。我不知道他是什么时候离开的。提醒

9、提醒 宾语从句与简单句的转换宾语从句与简单句的转换由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词to to do”do”结构的简单句。如：结构的简单句。如：I dont know what I should say.I dont know what I should say.I dont know whatI dont know what to say 我不知道要说什么。我不知道要说什么。宾语从句小口诀宾语从句小口诀宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句

10、一般过去时，从句须用相应时；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化陈述句转化thatthat引，一般疑问句用引，一般疑问句用if/whetherif/whether特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。习题习题：1Your English is so good.Could you tell us _?1Your English is so good.Could you tell us _?At At homeschoolhomeschool.My father taught me.(2014.My father taught me.(2014南昌南昌)A Awhe

11、re did you learn it Bwhere did you learn it Bwhere will you learn it where will you learn it C Cwhere you learnt it where you learnt it D.whereD.where you will learn it you will learn it2 2Could you tell me _ Could you tell me _？You can take the No.1 bus.(2014You can take the No.1 bus.(2014，黔西南州，黔西南

12、州)A Ahow can we get to how can we get to XingyiXingyi Airport Airport B Bhow we can get to how we can get to XingyiXingyi Airport Airport C Chow do we get to how do we get to XingyiXingyi Airport Airport D Dhow we got to how we got to XingyiXingyi Airport AirportCB3 3Can you tell me _Can you tell me

13、 _？In these days.(2014In these days.(2014，鄂州，鄂州)A Awhen will they go to the Science Museumwhen will they go to the Science Museum B Bhow long they have been in New York how long they have been in New York C Chow soon they will go to see the children left at home how soon they will go to see the chil

14、dren left at home D Dwhat time will they attend the meeting what time will they attend the meeting 4 4Excuse meExcuse me，could you tell me _could you tell me _？.(2014.(2014东营东营)Go along this street until you see some buildings with Go along this street until you see some buildings with golden roofsg

15、olden roofs A Ahow I can go to how I can go to TianningTianning Temple(Temple(天宁寺天宁寺)B Bhow often you go to how often you go to TianningTianning Temple Temple C.howC.how soon you will go to soon you will go to TianningTianning Temple Temple D Dhow many times you have been to how many times you have

16、been to TianningTianning Temple Temple 5 5She got a nice skirt as a present on her She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday.Dobirthday.Do you know you know _(2014_(2014呼和浩特呼和浩特)A Awhat was it made of Bwhat was it made of Bhow much did it costhow much did it cost C Cwho buys it for her Dwho

17、buys it for her Dwhere she got itwhere she got it CAD考点二 状语从句 概念：用来修饰主句的动词，副词和形容词的从句1分类(1)时间状语从句时间状语从句由when,before,after,until,as soon as,while,as,since 等引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。eg：I feel very happy when I meet my friends again.当我再次见到我的朋友们时我感到很高兴。We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.自从我们开始做饭，我

18、们已经包了许多饺子了。He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)Ill call him Ill call him as soon as he comes back.he comes back.他一回来我就给他打电话。他一回来我就给他打电话。Father was cleaning the car Father was cleaning the car while I was playing I was playing computer puter games.当我正在玩电脑

19、游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。当我正在玩电脑游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。(2)(2)条件状语从句条件状语从句由由ifif,unless,unless 等词引导的状语从句叫作条件状语从句等词引导的状语从句叫作条件状语从句。egeg：If it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go there by it doesnt rain tomorrow,we will go there by bike.bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。(3)(3)其他状语从句及其引导词其他状语从句及其引导词从句名称从句名称引导词引导词地点状语从句地点状语

20、从句where,wherever原因状原因状语从句语从句because,as,since(既然既然)目的状语从句目的状语从句so that(以便以便),in order that(为了，为了，目的是目的是)让步状语从句让步状语从句though(虽然虽然),although(虽然虽然),even ifeven though(即使即使)比较状语从句比较状语从句than,asas，not so/asas结果状语从句结果状语从句that,so that,sothat,suchthat(如此如此以以至于至于)2.2.主句与从句时态一致的问题主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从

21、句之间的在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列两种情况时态一致问题一般分为下列两种情况：(1)(1)主现从现主现从现：若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时，若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现在时表示将来那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。egeg：BeBe careful when you cross the road.careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心过马路时要小心。The traffic must stop when the lights The traffic must stop when the l

22、ights are/turn red.当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。(2)(2)主将从现主将从现：主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时时。egeg：I I will visit my good friend when I will visit my good friend when I have time.time.当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友。If she If she comes here tomorrow,I will go to the park here tomorrow,I will go

23、 to the park with her.with her.如果明天她来这里，我将和她一起去公园如果明天她来这里，我将和她一起去公园。(3)(3)宾语从句和状语从句同时出现宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。egeg：I I dont know dont know ifif(是否是否)he will come.)he will come.IfIf(如果如果)he)he comes,I will tell him about the es,I will tell him about the accident.我不知道他我不知道他是否要来是否要来。如果他来，我将告诉他这起事故如果他来，我将告诉他这起事故

24、。I dont know I dont know whenwhen(什么时候什么时候)he will come tomorrow.)he will come tomorrow.WhenWhen(当当的时候的时候)he comes,I will tell him about the)he comes,I will tell him about the news.news.我不知道他明天什么时候来我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息这个消息。(4)(4)过去时态过去时态：若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去

25、时或过去进行时可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。egeg：Mother was cooking Mother was cooking whenwhen I got home yesterday.I got home yesterday.昨天我到家时妈妈正在做饭昨天我到家时妈妈正在做饭。3 3引导词与连词的使用引导词与连词的使用becausebecause与与soso不能同时用在一个主从复合句中不能同时用在一个主从复合句中；有类似用法的还有有类似用法的还有 although/although/thoughthough与与butbut。egeg：ThoughThough/Although it was

26、 late,they kept working./Although it was late,they kept working.尽管晚了，他们仍在继续工作尽管晚了，他们仍在继续工作。习题1.(20091.(2009绵阳中考绵阳中考)My uncle has been taught in this school)My uncle has been taught in this school _ he was twenty years old._ he was twenty years old.A.since B.for C.until A.since B.for C.until 2.(20092

27、.(2009河北中考河北中考)_ they may not succeed,they will try)_ they may not succeed,they will try their besttheir best A.though B.When C.Because A.though B.When C.Because3.(20093.(2009河南中考河南中考)Its quite common in Britain to say)Its quite common in Britain to say“Thank you”to the drivers _people get off the b

28、us.“Thank you”to the drivers _people get off the bus.A.afterA.after B.since C.when B.since C.when4.(20084.(2008汕头中考汕头中考)Tim will call me as soon as he _ my package.)Tim will call me as soon as he _ my package.A.receive B.will receive C.receives A.receive B.will receive C.receives 5.(20085.(2008恩施中考恩

29、施中考)He was _ tired _ he fell asleep as soon)He was _ tired _ he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.as he lay down.A.too;to B.so;that C.such;that A.too;to B.so;that C.such;thatAACCB考点三 定语从句 概念概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修 饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面

30、。引导定语从句的关系代词有引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose,whom),which,that;who(whose,whom),which,that;关系副词有关系副词有when,where,whywhen,where,why。1 1关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法作主语作主语作作宾语宾语作定语作定语指人指人who/thatwho/whom/thatwhose指物指物which/thatwhich/thatwhose2.2.关系代词的特殊用法关系代词的特殊用法that that 和和 whichwhich都可以修饰表示物的先行词都可以修饰表示物的先行词。(1)(1)下列情况只能用下

31、列情况只能用thatthat：先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词 all,few,little,much,everything,nothing all,few,little,much,everything,nothing 等时等时。egeg：AllAll that you have to do is to that you have to do is to practisepractise every day.every day.你要做的就是每天练习你要做的就是每天练习。There isnt There isnt muchmuch that I can do.that I can do.我能做的

32、不多我能做的不多。先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。egeg：The first The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。This is This is the best the best film that I have ever seen.film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的一部电影这是我看过

33、的最好的一部电影。先行词被先行词被 all,any,every,few,little,no,some all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等不定代词修饰时等不定代词修饰时。EgEg：I have read I have read allall the books that you gave me.the books that you gave me.我已经读完了你给我的所有的书我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。先行词被先行词被thethe only,the very,the last,the same only,the very,the last,the same 等

34、修饰时等修饰时。egeg：TheThe white flower is white flower is the only the only one that I really like.one that I really like.这朵白花是我真正喜欢的这朵白花是我真正喜欢的。This is This is the very the very book that I want to read.book that I want to read.这就是我要看的那本书这就是我要看的那本书。先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时。egeg：We talked about We talked abou

35、t the persons and things the persons and things that we could remember.that we could remember.我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。当主句是以当主句是以 who who 或或 which which 开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时。egeg：Who Who is the man that is standing there?is the man that is standing there?站在那的那个人是谁站在那的那个人是谁？WhichWhich of us that

36、know something about physics doesnt know of us that know something about physics doesnt know thisthis？在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道这个(2)(2)下列情况只能用下列情况只能用 which which：关系代词作介词的宾语时用关系代词作介词的宾语时用“介词介词which”which”的结构的结构。eg:Thiseg:This is the book for is the book for which which you ask.you ask.这是你要的书

37、这是你要的书。引导非限制性定语从句时只能用引导非限制性定语从句时只能用whichwhich。eg:Thiseg:This novel,novel,whichwhich I have read three times,is very I have read three times,is very touching.touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍了这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍了。3 3关系副词的用法关系副词的用法(1)(1)whenwhen引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。eg:Ieg:I still remember the day sti

38、ll remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得来北京的第一天我仍然记得来北京的第一天。(2)where(2)where 在句中作状语，表示地点在句中作状语，表示地点。如：。如：eg:Thiseg:This is the factory is the factory where I worked two years ago.I worked two years ago.这就是我两年前工作的那个工厂这就是我两年前工作的那个工厂。(3)(3)whywhy在句中作状语，表示原因在句中作状语，表

39、示原因。如：。如：eg:Ieg:I know the reason know the reason why he came late.he came late.我知道他来晚的原因我知道他来晚的原因。习题习题1.1.（20112011清远）清远）Have you read the book _ is about the moon?Have you read the book _ is about the moon?A.whatA.what B.it C./B.it C./D.whichD.which2.2.（20112011广西百色）广西百色）The policeman caught the t

40、hief _ has The policeman caught the thief _ has stolen Mr.Lis computer.stolen Mr.Lis computer.A.whichA.which B.whose C.whom D.who B.whose C.whom D.who 3.3.（20112011天津）天津）John is the boy_ legs were badly hurt in the John is the boy_ legs were badly hurt in the accident.accident.A.whose B.that C.who D

41、.which A.whose B.that C.who D.which 4.(20114.(2011湖南岳阳中考湖南岳阳中考)I cant forget the time _the earthquake)I cant forget the time _the earthquake happened in happened in YushuYushu.A.when B.which C.where A.when B.which C.where D.thatD.that5.5.（20112011广西南宁市）广西南宁市）My grandparents like to live in a house My grandparents like to live in a house _ is not very big but bright and comfortable._ is not very big but bright and comfortable.A.that B.who C.what D.whose A.that B.who C.what D.whose DDAAA归纳：宾语从句时态，语序，引导词状语从句 连词，时态定语从句 先行词，引导词关系代词 关系副词