新编英语语法教程第21讲课件.ppt

1、21:-ING ParticipleHey:we are team 6 We want to tell you:因为我人们这组的内容非常的少，为了让每个人都拥有展示自己的机会 所以嘞 我们将内容分成了两个部分-六位同学讲解书本上得语法知识-两位同学专门讲解题目（因为题目很多）So:我们八位都参加了活动哦Now:Lets start our show !-ing分词与动词的搭配关系 主讲人：叶景超主讲人：叶景超TEAM 621.11,1,能带能带-ing-ing分词而不能带不定式的分词而不能带不定式的动词动词：英语中有一些动词能带-ing分词而不能带不定式结构作宾语A：admit,acknowl

2、edge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,B：cant help,cant resist,cant stand,consider,contemplate,D：defer,delay,deny,detest,dislike,dont mind,E：ensure,enjoy,escape,excuse,evade,facilitate,fancy,favour,finish G：give up I：imagine,include,K:keep on,M:mine,miss,P:pardon,postpone,practise,put off,R:resen

3、t,report,risk,S:stop,suggest 等Eg:A person certainly loses when he gives up trying.Plus,who can resist starting the day with chocolate.I dont want to miss seeing that film on television tonight.I hope you will pardon me doing so.I wish you would stop bumming about(闲逛）and look for job.关于-ing分词的逻辑主语（Lo

4、gical Subject），有三种情况：1,在特定的语境中，在特定的语境中，-ing-ing分词的逻辑主语分词的逻辑主语对于谈话双方是很显然的，所以没必要对于谈话双方是很显然的，所以没必要表示出来表示出来eg：Father suggested going by bus.解析：谁乘公共汽车去，有多少人去，去的人中是否包括父亲在内，这在特定的场合下，听到这句话人是不会误解的。2,-ing-ing分词的逻辑主语已在句中其他地分词的逻辑主语已在句中其他地方出现，因而也无需表示出来。方出现，因而也无需表示出来。eg:Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow？显然，这里

5、-ing分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语you。3 -ing-ing分词本身带有自己的主语，因而必分词本身带有自己的主语，因而必须表示出来。须表示出来。这主要见于-ing分词的主语没有在句中其他地方出现过，如果不表现出来，往往回产生歧义。eg:She insisted on me going.解析：在这一例中，going的主语是me，如果略去了me，那就成了“她坚持要去”，而不是“她坚持要我去”了-ing-ing分词的逻辑主语既能采用名词通格和分词的逻辑主语既能采用名词通格和名词属格形式，也能采用代词宾格和物主名词属格形式，也能采用代词宾格和物主限定词形式限定词形式。eg：John John I

6、dont mind JohnsI dont mind Johns buying another one.buying another one.him him his his 在口语中倾向于用名词通格和代词宾格。以下所列以下所列:acknowledge，admit，advocate，anticipate，appreciate，deny，fancy，imagine，suggest，report以及以及mean（entail），mention，propose，recall，recollect，understand等动词等动词，既既能直接带能直接带-ing分词结构也能直接带分词结构也能直接带that-

7、分句分句EG：1,The accused man denies that he has ever met her.=The accused man denies metting her.2,I suggest that you tear up the letter and start over again.=I suggest you tearing up the letter and starting over again.3,I recall that I saw a poster on the wall.=I recall seeing a poster on the wall.Than

8、ks for your listening!21.1 -ing participle （2）.Verb+Object+prep.+-ing participle Speaker:sandyIn English,some verbs can not directly bring -ing participle,and they have to be added objects and prepositions first,and then you can add-ing participle.Some common prepositions in English are“into”and“fro

9、m”.Also,there are many other prepositions,such as“in”“on”“of”“to”and“about”.trickmisleadshamesurprisetalkbeguileblackmailcajolecoercefooldeceive+sb+into+doing l His mother tricked him into doing homework by pretending that she would tell his father.l He tried to cajole her into having something to e

10、at.l He claimed that he had been coerced into confessing.l He realized that he was lured into stealing something.l Bob talked us into walking home with him.stopprotectpreventkeephinderrestraindiscourage inhibitsave+sb+from+doing She cant stop me from leaving.A leg injury prevented Gary from playing

11、in Sundays game.The bad weather hindered us from rescuing people.He restrained his surprise from being visible.In the above sentences,sometimes prepositions can be omitted.For example:we must prevent the trouble(from)spreading.I must stop you(from)destroying yourself.Note:如果是主动态可以省略，但如果是被动态就不可省略.Oth

12、er sentences can also apply to this structure.He thanks me for helping him open the window.My aunt congratulated me on being admitted to this college.The candidate was accused of breaking promises even before hes in office.Thank you!Good morning!21.2 既能直接带不定式(infinitive)又能直接带-ing分词(-ing participle)的

13、动词。from class 9,team 6th 吕少青 有些动词既直接带不定式又能直接带-ing分词作宾语，有的意义没太大区别，有的则有区别。下面就分别介绍这两种情况。1.两种均可而无太大区别的动词 在attempt,begain,cant bear,continue,deserve,dread,hate,intend,like,need,neglect,omit,prefer,require,start等后基本意义无太大区别但也有一些用法不尽相同的地方，说明如下：a.在begin，cant bear,cease,continue,dread,like,omit,prefer,start等动

14、词后，表示一般行为时，用-ing分词居多；而表示特定的或具体的动作时，则用不定式较多。例如 He cant bear being laughed at.I cant bear to see the child treated stupidly.I dread being sick.I dread to think what would happen if there really was a fire here.Bob prefers playing in defence.I prefer not to think about it.b.在need,want,deserve,require等动

15、词后，可用-ing分词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：This shirt needs washing=This shirt needs to be washed.The plants want watering daily.=The plants want to be watered daily.He deserves locking up for ever for what he did.=He deserves to be locked up for ever for what he did.c.在begin,start之后虽然既能跟不定式又能跟-ing分词，但若跟的是静态动词(stativ

16、e verb)，如:have,own,see,smell,believe,love,hate等，则只能用不定式。如：We began to realize the importance of this problem.I began to remember what he said to me last night.当begin,start已用于进行时体时，其后的动词也用不定式。如：I was beginning to study hard.Im starting to work on my essay next week.d.在attempt,intend,plan后，既可跟不定式，也可跟-

17、ing分词。如：I will attempt to answer/answering all your questions.I hear they intend to marry/marrying.They plan to arrive/arrriving after three.但通常还是跟不定式比较普通。此外，如果上述动词为进行体则只能跟不定式。如：We are planning to visit France this summer.Thats all.Thank you!Team 6th the 4th one21.2 2 能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不变的动词 a)&b)By 刘晶

18、晶 From class92 能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不变的动词 a)在remember,forget之后，用-ing分词表示动作发生在“记得”、“忘记”之前，用不定式则表示动作发生在“记得”、“忘记”之后。如：1）remember to do sth.记住要做某事 2）remember doing sth.记得做过某事 试通过以下对话比较 A:remember to invite tom to your birthday party.记住邀请汤姆参加你的生日聚会。B:I remembered inviting him this morning,but he was to busy to

19、 become.我记得今天上午邀请过他了，可他太忙不能来了。1）forget to do sth.忘记要做某事 2）forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 试通过以下对话比较 Boss:what day is it today?Secretary:its Thursday.Boss:oh dear!I forget to attend the important meeting.Secretary:but you have attended it.Boss:really?When did I attend it?Secretary:you attended last Thursday.

20、boss:Im so forgetful！I forgot attending it.Regret 也属于这一类。试比较：I regret telling you that john stole it.=I regret that I told you(=I regret that I am now telling you)I regret to tell you that john stole it.=I am sorry to tell you 例题：-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I

21、regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done regret having done sth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选D。B)在stop,leave,go on 等词之后，通常用-ing 分词结构作宾语；若用不定式结构，便不是宾语而是目的状语，相当于 in order to。如：1）stop to do sth.停止下来，去做另外一件事 2）stop doing sth.停止正在做的事 试比较：When the teacher

22、came in,the students stopped talking;when the teacher went out,the students stopped to talk.老师进来时，学生们停止说话；老师出去时，学生们又停下来开始说话了。Have a good weekend!二.能带不定式和-ing分词而意义不同的动词 九班 吕芝莉Team 6c)在try,mean,cant help等动词之后，用-ing 分词结构还是用不定式结构，取决于这些动词本身的不同含义。This new order mean working overtime.She means to succeed.前

23、一个表“意味着”后一个表“意欲”Have you ever tried windsurfing?Tom tried to answer each question by himself前一个表“试着，使用”后一个表“努力，设法”。d)在 agree,decide等动词之后，可直接带不定式，但若带-ing分词，则须在-ing分词之前添加介词。We agreed to take the plan.We agreed on taking the plan.In the end he decided to do homework.In the end he decided on doing homew

24、ork.e)在encourage,permit,allow,recommend,advise,authorize 等动词之后，一般用-ing分词结构作宾语，但也可用带有自己逻辑主语的不定式结构。1 They encouraged learning English by radio and television.They encouraged me to learn English by radio and television.2 We do not permit eating at class.We do not permit students to eat at class.3 She d

25、oesnt allow talking here.She doesnt allow us to talk here.Thanks for your listening!Team 6GOOD MORNING This time I will tell you something besides what is in the chapter.About some differences between ed and ing.Generally speaking,-ed adjectives have a passive meaning,and ing have an active meaning.

26、eg:a broken heart(=a heart that has been broken)an interesting book(=a book which interests readers)Everyone was moved by the moving story.When we talk usage about ed adjectives and ing adjectives,some people think ed adjectives are only suitable for people while ing ones for things.However,this kin

27、d of opinion is too absolute.In many cases it is not reliable.Interesting:His class is very.(thing)He is an man.(people)an excited talk(a person who talks is exciting)an exciting talk(people who listen to the talk are exciting)【Note】-ed adjectives are also suitable for other situations.ufallen leave

28、s uan escaped prisoner ua learned professor uan aged man Differences between ed participle and ing participle.ed participle in the sentence has the same composition as ing participle in grammar.However,there are some differences in meaning.Firstly,ed participle has passive meaning,ing participle has

29、 active meaning.This difference I have already mentioned just now.Secondly,ing participle means general or ongoing action,while ed participle means a passive action or an action that has been completed.Differences in grammar:As predicative,ing participle means the characteristic of the subject.ed pa

30、rticiple means the state of subject.For example:The play is more exciting than any I haveever seen.That piece of land lay deserted.As adverbial,ing participle means an action that is ongoing.ed participle means background or situation of an action.eg:In his movies，he was always at war with the world

31、，battling both people and objects.Considered one of the leading poets in America today，Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays.As attributive,ing participle means the modified words in a ongoing state.ed participle has no limit of time.boiling water(water which is boiling.)boiled water(water which has been boiled.)