1、1.常见的被动结构时态结构例句一般现在时am/is/are动词过去分词The desk is cleaned by this little girl.一般过去时was/were动词过去分词The trees were planted by us last year.一般将来时will/shall be动词过去分词The garden will be built next month.现在进行时am/is/are being动词过去分词A bridge is being built.现在完成时have/hasbeen动词过去分词The breakfast has been cooked for
2、us by my mom.含情态动词情态动词be动词过去分词This task must be finished in time.【拓展提示】主动结构表示被动意义的情况：动词open,write,sell,read等作不及物动词，且它们的主语是物。如：This kind of comic books sell well in this bookstore.这种连环漫画册在这家书店卖得很好。某些系动词(smell,taste,look,feel,taste,sound等)用来描述某物的特性。如：The voice of the birds sounds good in the morning.在
3、早晨，这种鸟的叫声听起来很悦耳。固定用法“need/require doing”相当于“need/require to be done”，to be done是不定式的被动语态。如：Your car needs washing.Your car needs to be washed.你的车该洗了。固定用法：be worth doing 中的doing表示被动意义。如：Hangzhou is really worth visiting in our lifetime.在我们的一生中，杭州真地值得一去。2.特殊被动语态的用法【即时自测】1)Waiter,Id like a glass of fre
4、sh grape juice.Sorry,Miss.Grape juice _ only in summer.A.serves B.servedC.are served D.is served2)With the development and influence of China on the other countries,Confucius Institutes _ around the world.A.build B.were builtC.built D.will be builtDD5)Danny was heard _ just now.Whats wrong with him?
5、His mother was criticizing him for his test.A.cry B.to cry C.laugh D.to laughB3)The naughty boy was made _ from eight to ten in the evening in the past.A.study B.studied C.to study D.studying4)Can I take this book to the dormitory,teacher?No,it _ out of the reading room.A.will take B.should be taken
6、C.mustnt be taken D.mustnt takeCC【例1】(2017,盐城)It is reported that about 120 foreign soccer experts _ to teach soccer school students.A.invite B.invitedC.to be invited D.will be invited解析：句意“据报道，大约有120位外国足球专家_来教在校学生踢足球。”分析语境可知专家是被邀请来教学生的，应该用被动语态；这里是还未发生的事情应该用一般将来时。故选D。方向一判断句子的时态和语态根据题干中的时间状语或上下文语境分析判断句子的时态；另外还要考虑句子的语态问题，首先要判断主语和动作的关系，如果主语是动作的执行者，则该句为主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则该句为被动语态。【例2】(2017,重庆A卷)This picture _ by my cousin last year.A.draws B.drew C.is drawn D.was drawn解析：句意“这幅画是我表弟去年画的。”根据时间状语last year可知应用一般过去时，再由标志词by可知应用被动语态。故选D。
