安徽省2020届中考英语(外研版)大二轮专题复习课件-题型2-阅读理解.pptx

1、CONTENTS目 录PART 01考情帮PART 02方法帮PART 01考情帮命题点考情总结 考情帮 安徽中考阅读理解分值为40分,是试卷中占分最多的题型。近五年安徽中考阅读理解题由5篇短文组成(4篇选择型阅读和1篇任务型阅读),共20个小题。阅读理解题总体难度适中。考查的材料包罗万象,话题广泛且贴近学生的学习和生活,具有很强的时代气息。体裁有记叙文、说明文、议论文。话题以人物经历及感受、说明介绍、广告和海报信息、寓言故事、跨文化介绍为主。设题以细节理解为主,兼顾主旨大意、推理判断、词义猜测等考点,综合考查学生对书面材料的理解能力以及从中获取信息并加以判断、归纳和综合的能力。PART 02

2、方法帮方法帮（1）.细节理解题细节理解题关键词法有关基本信息的题目,答案几乎可以直接从原文中获得,找到关键词即可找到原文中含相关信息的句子。查读法先看题目,带着问题读文章,从而快速寻找答案。在阅读时,标记出who(何人),what(何事),when(何时),where(何地),how(如何),why(为何)等常考的细节内容,以便解题时迅速、准确地查找。类型 1 选择型阅读理解方法帮典典例例 1 12019安徽,阅读理解A篇节选解析解析这是一道细节理解题,我们可以直接从原文中找到答案。根据原文中的The islands blue sea,white-sand beaches and the fo

3、rests are well worth seeing可知答案为A。类型 1 选择型阅读理解FijiFiji is one of the worlds best-known places for your holiday.The islands blue sea,white-sand beaches and the forests are well worth seeing.Fijian&EnglishGo diving on Mana Island.72.People go to Fiji for their holidays mainly because.A.things there ar

4、e well worth seeingB.the underwater post office is excitingC.they want to stay in the Royal PalaceD.it is the largest Pacific Island country方法帮 理解文章内容不仅要弄懂字面意思,更要理解引申意义,通过作者所给的提示进行合理推断。以原文为依据要在原文内容的基础上进行合理推测,不能掺杂个人观点。排除法推理判断题通常有一定的难度,可以采用排除法,逐一排除错误选项,作出最终选择。(2).推理判断题推理判断题类型 1 选择型阅读理解方法帮 Have you tri

5、ed to run or walk for exercise and then given up?If you answer yes,you should try a new kind of exercise:aquatic(水中的)exercise.Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land,but you do it in a swimming pool.More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on l

6、and.Why?You weigh about 90%less in the pool.It is better for your knees than running or walking.Water is about 1,000 times thicker and heavier than air.To move through the water,your body has to work four times as hard.As a result,you can burn more calories(卡路里).In fact,most people say they feel mor

7、e relaxed in the water.They stop thinking about the things that make them worried.They feel in control of their bodies.The cool,quiet environment makes them feel good.But what if you are afraid of the water?No problem!There is nothing to worry about.Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn.It does

8、nt require any special skills.You dont even need to know how to swim.Aquatic exercise is for everyone.类型 1 选择型阅读理解典典例例 2 22019安徽,阅读理解B篇方法帮78.In which part of a magazine can we read the text?A.Culture.B.Health.C.Nature.D.Travel.解析 这是一道推理判断题,我们可以通过阅读原文寻找线索,通过推理最终作出正确的判断。通读全文可知,本文是关于水中锻炼的介绍。结合选项可以推知,我们

9、可以在杂志的健康版块读到这篇文章,故答案为B。类型 1 选择型阅读理解方法帮（3）.词义猜测题词义猜测题利用上下文语境指定词的含义,往往在上下文中有体现,可借助上下文进行推测。利用定义或解释性的线索有些生词之后有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子,利用它们可猜出词义。利用文章的逻辑关系并列、对比、因果、转折等逻辑关系有助于理解指定词的含义,注意标志词but,or,however,so,because等。利用构词法熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思,不仅可以扩大词汇量,而且可以帮助学生猜测词义。类型 1 选择型阅读理解方法帮 类型 1 选择型阅读理解解析 这是一道词义猜测题,我们可以通过上下文之间的逻辑

10、关系,猜测出画线词的正确意思。根据第三段中的The rest,98%of the water,is in seas and oceans.It is too salty to drink.Then desalination businesses come in可知,98%的水含盐量高,无法饮用,由此可推知海水淡化公司应运而生,故画线词意为海水淡化。典典例例 3 32019安徽,阅读理解D篇节选While 75%of our planet is covered with water,only about 2%is fresh water that comes from rivers,lakes,

11、ice and snow.The rest,98%of the water,is in seas and oceans.It is too salty to drink.Then desalination businesses come in.More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world,mostly in coastal countries.They process(加工)more than 92 million tons of water every day.But the technology they use r

12、equires a lot of energy.85.What does the underlined word desalination in Paragraph 3 mean?A.远洋运输 B.潮汐发电C.食盐销售 D.海水淡化方法帮 类型 1 选择型阅读理解（4）.主旨大意题主旨大意题 主旨大意题考查学生对全文或某一段落的整体把握能力,考查方法有:归纳文章(或段落)大意,概括中心思想或选择文章标题等。做这类试题时,可遵循以下几种方法:抓主题句很多文章都有主题句,抓住了主题句也就抓住了文章的中心。主题句通常在文章开头或结尾,因此要仔细阅读文章的首尾句。抓高频词文章都是围绕一个主题展开的,因

13、此文章中会反复出现一个中心词,即高频词,抓住了它,也就抓住了文章的中心。方法帮 类型 1 选择型阅读理解（4）.主旨大意题主旨大意题注意绝对化用词选项中如果出现绝对化用词,可以直接排除该选项。以偏概全不能选干扰项中往往出现文章中提到的某一点或某一部分,这类选项以偏概全,不能作为正确选项。方法帮 Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land.Why?You weigh about 90%less in the pool.It is better for your knees than running or walking.Water

14、is about 1,000 times thicker and heavier than air.To move through the water,your body has to work four times as hard.As a result,you can burn more calories(卡路里).75.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.Difference between air and water.B.Weight change of ones body.C.The advantages of aquatic exercise.D.

15、The ways to do aquatic exercise.典典例例 4 42019安徽,阅读理解B篇类型 1 选择型阅读理解方法帮 解析解析这是一道段落大意题,我们可以直接通过阅读寻找关键词得出正确的答案。根据该段中前两句并结合文中的 It is better for your knees和you can burn more calories(卡路里)可知第二段主要介绍的是在水中做运动的益处。由此可知答案为C。类型 1 选择型阅读理解方法帮 类型 2 任务型阅读理解 近五年安徽中考英语的任务型阅读理解,共设三道小题。考查方式以细节理解题为主,同时可能涉及推理判断题、主旨大意题。主要考查特

16、殊疑问句的问答,且答案词数有所限定。解题时,首先要搞清楚一些疑问词的含义,常考的有:What(什么),How(怎样),Why(为什么),Where(在哪里),Which(哪一个),When(什么时候)等。然后根据题干中的关键信息,在文中相应的位置找到该信息并迅速确定答案。方法帮 【高分指南】不同的特殊疑问句有不同的回答技巧,几类常见特殊疑问句的回答可参考以下方法:特殊疑问词是What,回答的是具体内容。特殊疑问词是Where,回答则多用表示地点的介词短语。特殊疑问词是Why,回答的是其原因并通常用because来引导。特殊疑问词是When,回答则用表示时间的介词短语。类型 2 任务型阅读理解【

17、注意】安徽中考任务型阅读理解的答案有词数要求,考生在回答的过程中应根据词数限制来确定最终答案。方法帮 Remember when you were a little child trying to learn to walk?First,you had to learn how to balance(平衡)yourself and stand.You fell down,and then got back up.You laughed sometimes and cried at other times.After much practice,you finally learned how t

18、o balance yourself.You got much pleasure from this new feeling of power youd stand everywhere you could.It was a happy time you did it!Now,the next step walking.Youd seen others do it.It didnt look that hard just move your legs while you were standing.Wrong more difficult than you ever imagined.But

19、after you tried again and again and again,you understood how to walk.类型 2 任务型阅读理解典典例例 5 52019安徽,阅读理解E篇方法帮 If people found you walking,they cheered,Oh,look at what the kid is doing.This encouraged you!But look back on those days when you were the little child how many times did you try when no one wa

20、s watching,or when no one was cheering?You couldnt wait for someone to encourage you to take the next steps.You learned how to encourage yourself.So,keep trying and encouraging yourself as you learned to walk if you want to succeed in doing something.类型 2 任务型阅读理解88.What is the first step in learning

21、 to walk?(不超过15个词)_89.When did you understand how to walk?(不超过15个词)_ 90.What should you do if you want to succeed in doing something?(不超过15个词)_方法帮 类型 2 任务型阅读理解【短文大意】本文以小孩学走路的过程教育我们在做事的时候要不断地尝试和鼓励自己。88.The first step in learning to walk is to balance yourself and stand./To learn how to balance yourse

22、lf and stand.【解析】本题为细节理解题。题干句意:学习走路的第一个步骤是什么?解答该题关键在于找准对应的原文,根据关键词first并结合原文描述可知,第二段的第一句是解答该题的突破口。考生应根据问题适当转换语言描述,将关键点balance yourself and stand表述出来。方法帮 89.I/We understood how to walk after I/we tried again and again and again.【解析】本题为细节理解题。题干句意:你什么时候理解了走路的要领?根据题干中的When及understand how to walk可锁定对应的原文

23、是第三段的最后一句。考生作答时应根据题干(注意人称变化),将关键点 after I/we tried again and again and again 表述出来。90.I/We should keep trying and encouraging myself/ourselves as I/we learned to walk.【解析】本题为细节理解题。题干句意:如果你想要成功地做某事,你应当怎么做?根据题干中的if you want to succeed in doing something可锁定对应的原文是文章的最后一句。考生作答时应根据题干(注意人称变化),将关键点keep trying and encouraging myself/ourselves 表述出来。类型 2 任务型阅读理解