研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版上)一至八单元课件.ppt

1、1Postgraduate English Intensive Reading(1)v v v真诚vE-mail:2Teaching ProceduresvIntroductions&requirementsvNew words learningvText Detailed study of text(Expressions&Sentence patterns)Text Structure AnalysisvExercises(select some)vSupplementary reading(self-reading)3vSchedule(two weeks for one unit,so

2、 we can probably finish 8 units)vExamination(mainly based on what is taught in class)4RequirementsvPreviewvActive participationvFeedback5Unit One You are what you thinkuNew wordsuText studyuExercise6v clich:A clich is an idea or phrase which has been used so much that it is no longer interesting or

3、effective or no longer has much meaning.ve.g.-a clich-ridden newspaper articlevscrutinize:If you scrutinize something,you examine it very carefully,often to find out some information from it or about it.ve.g.-He scrutinized the mens faces carefully,trying to work out who was lying.vscrutiny:critical

4、 gaze;close investigation7Optimism/pessimismvOptimism n.optimistic a.optimist n.vPessimism n.pessimistic a.pessimist n.8Inoculate against预防注射；接种疫苗ve.g.-During the war allied troops were inoculated against diseases,because of fears that biological weapons might be used.vAll children are inoculated ag

5、ainst polio.(小儿麻痹症)9metropolitanvOf,relating to,or denoting a metropolisve.g.-the Boston metropolitan area 波士顿大都会区10loopholevLoophole:an ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rulesvHe wants to avoid paying some of his taxes by taking advantage of the loophole of the law.vLoop:环，圈11 fluke If

6、 you say that something good is a fluke,you mean that it happened accidentally rather than by being planned or arranged.(INFORMAL)ve.g.v-We won the football game by a fluke.v-His success in history examination was a mere fluke.12donatevv.:To present as a gift to a fund or cause;contributev-He donate

7、d all his savings to the Project Hope.v donation n.v-He made a donation of$1,000 to Project Hope.v donator13recur v:come or happen again e.g.-This is a problem which recurs periodically.vrecur to:go back in words or thoughtve.g.-My first meeting with her often recurs to my memory.ve.g.-His words of

8、encouragement recurred to my mind whenever I was in low spirits.vrecurrent a./recurrence n.ve.g.-The patient complained of a recurrent headache.14immune a.:（against,from,to）v-He seems to be immune to(not affected by)flattery./（from,to）v-The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he

9、helped the police.(被豁免的)immunity n.:vThe child has received immunity to a variety of infections.immunize v.immunization n.immunology n.(study of resistance to infection免疫学)15dodge If you dodge something,you avoid it by quickly moving aside or out of reach so that it cannot hit or reach you.ve.g.-He

10、dodged the book that I threw at him.v If you dodge something,you deliberately avoid thinking about it or dealing with it,often by being deceitful.ve.g.-The minister dodged almost all the questions that were put to her.16flounderflounder:To make clumsy attempts to move or regain ones balance.v-flound

11、er in the deep snow v-The boy floundered in the water till someone jumped in to save him 17censorvv.examine books,periodicals,films,etc.to cut out anything regarded as immoral or in other ways undesirable e.g.-The government censored some parts of the novel.vn.He came here as a censor.v(officials wi

12、th authority to examine letters,newspapers,periodicals,etc.审查员)18Detailed study of the textvPara.1:People view the same things differently.It plays a role in introducing“positive and negative”thinking.vThe cliches make the beginning more amusing and thus appeals readers.19Para.2 vbody:A number of pe

13、rsons,concepts,or things regarded as a group视作一组的人、事、物v-He has a large body of facts to prove his statements.20vill:when used as a noun,it means“anything causing harm,trouble,wrong,unhappiness,etc.,specifically:a)an evil or misfortune;b)a disease.vSynonyms:disease,ailment,illness,sickness21vIn Para.

14、2:vOptimism can help you to bevPessimism leads you toTopic of the article22In Para.7When they failed on the first call or twov Paraphrase:When the first few people they phoned refused to donate blood23vIn Para.8vNegative or positive,it was a self-fulfilling prophecy.-Self-fulfilling prophecy:a predi

15、ction brought to fulfillment chiefly as an effect of having been expected or predicted-Paraphrase:A prophecy may become true whether it is a negative or a positive one./If you think positively,it may bring about a positive result;if you think negatively,it may lead to a negative result.24In Para.9vA

16、 sense of control,according to Anderson,is the litmus test for success.-Paraphrase:Whether one feels in control of the situation will determine ones success in the end.25 In Para.10 Optimists may think they are better than the facts would justify.vjustify:To demonstrate or prove to be just,right,or

17、valid -The course of events fully justifies our views.-How can you justify your rude and foolish behavior?Paraphrase:Optimists may overestimate themselves;regard themselves as better than they really are.26In Para.10v.there was a longer disease-free interval,the best predictor of survival.vParaphras

18、e:The period of time when they were free from disease was longer and it could best predict that they would survive longer.vTranslation:(对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说)两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好征兆。27pilotvpilot:a.experimental undertaking or test实验性的；试点的.va pilot project 试点项目28In Para.13vinclined:adj.倾向的 -I am inclined

19、 to be ill after eating fish.v2)incline v.:To influence to have a certain tendencyv-Recent events incline us to distrust all politicians.v-I incline to towards tiredness in winter.v 冬天我常会感到疲乏。29vat your mothers knee:vwhen one is a small child30In Para.15vwork with sb.:spend time and effort trying to

20、 help sb.in some way-Her husband has a passion to work with her in the kitchen after a hot quarrel.31In Para.20vkeep/lose track of:learn;keep in/lose touch with-Youd better read the newspapers to keep track of current events 32In Para.20vhold backv(1)hinder the progress of -His poor education is hol

21、ding him back.v(2)hesitate;show unwillingness -When danger came,no one held back.(3)keep secret hold back information 隐藏着消息不宣布 33Structure AnalysisvPart I(1-7):Positive and negative thinking bring different results in our life.vPart II(8-12):how differently(in what different ways)optimists and pessi

22、mists deal with the same situations.vPart III(13-14):Ones pattern of thinking is a learned behavior.vPart IV(15-20):Pessimism can change and the ways(how)vPart V(21):Conclusion34Main IdeavCiting the results of numerous researches and quoting a number of psychologists,the writer shows the importance

23、of positive thinking.We are more likely to succeed in work and enjoy better health if we adopt an optimistic attitude towards life,including its challenges and blows.Whether inclined to be pessimistic or optimistic,we acquire the thinking pattern as we grow up.However,we can consciously train oursel

24、ves to turn our thinking into more positive channels.We will turn out to be what we expect to be.35Writing Patternv Topic-raisingv Topic-developingv Conclusion36Writing StrategiesvExemplification(for example,for instance,a case in point,etc)-the findings of many expertsvCitation -words of some resea

25、rchersvRestatement（重述）-optimism&pessimism37Unit Two Cancer&ChemicalsvNew words learningvText studyvExercises38New Wordsvimplement v.(=carry out)If you implement something such as a plan,you ensure that what has been planned is done.v The government promised to implement a new system to control finan

26、cial institutions.implement a contract 履行合同implement ones ideas 实施某人的设想limplementation n.39v esoteric:If you describe something as esoteric,you mean it is known,understood,or appreciated by only a small number of people.(FORMAL)v-Some words are really too esoteric for this dictionary.v有些单词实在太生僻了有些单词

27、实在太生僻了,未收入本词典内。未收入本词典内。v-Thailand is an esoteric country where many people want to visit.40vCabaret Show 人妖秀（歌舞表演）vPattaya 芭堤雅vLadyman/Ladyboy/Girlman,etc.人妖vDenatural People 变性人41jargonvJargon:(1)You use jargon to refer to words and expressions that are used in special or technical ways by particul

28、ar groups of people,often making the language difficult to understand.v -the jargon of linguisticsv(2)language difficult to understand;meaningless talkv -Only a mother can understand her babys jargon.424344454647484950quintessentialvquintessential:representing the most typical example or most import

29、ant part of something 最典型的，精萃的,精髓的(FORMAL)v-Everybody thinks of him as the quintessential New Yorker.v-This is the quintessential English village.vquintessence:n.perfect examplev-the quintessence of virtue/politeness51 rimvrim:n.v-the rim of a cup/bowl v-the red-rimmed eyes(眼圈红红的眼圈红红的)52rumplevrumpl

30、e:v.If you rumple someones hair,you move your hand backwards and forwards through it as your way of showing affection to them；disarrangev-I leaned forward to rumple his hair,but he jerked out of the way.v-Dont play too violently,or youll rumple your new dress.v synonyms:ruffle;tousle53sallowvsallow:

31、a.If a person has sallow skin,their skin,especially on their face,is a pale yellowish colour and looks unhealthy.v-a woman with sallow face v-She had sallow skin.vv.:make or become sallowv-Her face was sallowed by years of illness.54interjectv v.If you interject something,you say it and interrupt so

32、meone else who is speaking.(FORMAL)v-Surely theres something we can do?interjected Peter.v-He listened thoughtfully,interjecting only the odd word.55prestigiousv adj.A prestigious institution,job,or activity is respected and admired by people.v-Its one of the best equipped and most prestigious schoo

33、ls in the country.56slaughtervV.(1)If large numbers of people or animals are slaughtered,they are killed in a way that is cruel or unnecessary.v-Thirty four people were slaughtered while queuing up to cast their votes.v v(2)To slaughter animals such as cows and sheep means to kill them for their mea

34、t.v-Lack of chicken feed means that chicken farms are having to slaughter their stock.vSlaughter is also a noun.v-a war where the slaughter of civilians was commonplace 57Nanjing Massacre58mutatevv.If an animal or plant mutates,or something mutates it,it develops different characteristics as the res

35、ult of a change in its genes.v-The virus mutates in the carriers body.vmutation:n.变化,转变,(生物物种的)突变v-Are mutations in plants caused by cosmic rays(宇宙射线宇宙射线)?59mustardvmustard gas 芥子气芥子气v（第一次世界大战中用的一种糜烂皮肤的毒（第一次世界大战中用的一种糜烂皮肤的毒气）气）60Celery&parsley61benignvbenign:(of a disease)of no danger to health;not r

36、ecurrent or progressive;not malignantv良性的对健康无害的；非复发性或渐进性的；非恶性的v -a benign(malignant)tumor 良（恶）性肿瘤良（恶）性肿瘤v(of person)kind and gentle v(of soil,climate)mild,favorablev -a benign climate62testimonyvtestimony:a declaration by a witness under oath,as that given before a court or deliberative body;evidenc

37、e in support of a fact or an assertion;proof.v-The witnesss testimony is false.v-According to the testimony of the medical profession,the health of the nation is improving.63stoogevn.:one who allows oneself to be used for anothers profit or advantage;a puppet.陪衬甘愿被他人用来谋其利之人；傀儡64v-He has rejected cla

38、ims that he is a government stooge.vv.stooge for sb.:act as stooge 作替罪者，替身v-Hed like to stooge for the beautiful girl for the sake of love.65 obligatev obligate:v-He felt obligated to donate blood.vn.:promise,dutyv-to fulfill an obligate 履行义务履行义务 vthe obligates of a good citizenship 好公好公民的义务民的义务vobl

39、igation n.66triviavtrivia:(used with a sing.or pl.verb)trivial and unimportant thingsv trivial a.v-I dont know why he gets so upset about something that is utterly trivial.v-She just dismissed my problem as too trivial to be worth discussing67retardvv.:hinderv-retard process/developmentvretardation

40、n.;retardant n.68So much for new words.vThank you!69Text studyv(1)Please look at the picture and read the following reports before we learn the text.v(2)Please tell us what you think about chemicals.v(3)What do you think at the first sight of the topic of the essay?v(4)What do you think when you fin

41、ish reading the whole essay?70pesticide/insecticide71 1100 gallons of chemical pesticides are soaked into the soil per 1000 square feet of home area prior to pouring of concrete foundation.Research now shows these chemicals enter into the home years later and are breathed continuously by home occupa

42、nts.72v vWe are living in a chemical soup!v Every person alive today carries approximately 250 chemicals within her or his body,chemicals that did not exist prior to 1945.This is referred to as the“body burden”,and is our common legacy from the process of development and industrialization.About 100,

43、000 chemicals have entered into the market since 1945,and it is estimated that 75,000 of them remain in commercial use today.A startling fact about these chemicals is that most remain untested for their safety in humans and other species.Only about 1.5%to 3%(about 1,200 to 500 chemicals)have been te

44、sted for carcinogenicity(致癌性).73Para.1 The implementation of Proposition 65v Report:The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment(OEHHA)of the California Environmental Protection Agency is adding“estrogens(雌激素),steroid（类固醇）”to the list of chemicals known to the state to cause cancer for purpo

45、ses of the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986(Health and Safety Code section 25249.5,Proposition 65).The listing of“estrogens,steroid”is effective August 19,200574mindmind n.:(person with)mental ability;intellectv-He was one of the great minds of the age.思想家思想家v-the medical mind;t

46、he public mind.v具有医学头脑的人；具有公众头脑的人具有医学头脑的人；具有公众头脑的人.75toxicvtoxic a.:poisonousv-a toxic drug 毒药毒药v toxicity n.:quality or degree of being toxicv-to study the toxicity of insecticidesvtoxicology,toxicologist76enforcement/actvenforcement:enforcing or being enforced 实施实施 -strict enforcement of a new law

47、vact n 立法机构立的法案立法机构立的法案77Difficult sentence:This new law bans industries water supplies.vBan fromvDischargeintovSuspect of78ban ban v.:forbid/prevent,esp.officiallyv-The film has been banned for thirteen years.vban sb.from doing sth:order with authority that sb.may not do sth.v-He was banned from at

48、tending the meeting.vban n.:order that bans sth.or sb.禁令禁令v-This book is under a ban.79dischargev discharge:send or give out 放出；流出；排出；冒出放出；流出；排出；冒出v-The stove chimney discharged dark smoke.火炉的烟囱冒出黑烟。火炉的烟囱冒出黑烟。v与与into连用连用（河流）流入，汇入（大海）（河流）流入，汇入（大海）v-The Yangtze discharges itself into the East China Se

49、a.长江流入东海。长江流入东海。80defectvdefect:v-I bought these shoes cheaply because they have slight defects in them.v-She suffers from a sight/speech defect.81Para.2-4 Details of the meeting,esp.Amess different opinionvPara.2-Paraphrase:v It was predicted that the day(when the meeting was held)would be filled w

50、ith mysterious science and difficult terminologies.But Bruce Ames,had some plans to make the meeting alive.82v(1)liven(up)v liven:v.make or become lively 使有生气，使活跃使有生气，使活跃/使高兴使高兴 -How can I liven my lecture up?v(2)proceeding:course of action进程 (pl)事件；事项事件；事项 watched the proceedings from a ringside se