医学精品课件：2. 潜水装备.pptx

1、Diving Equipment,Xinliang zhao， peking university sub-aqua association,Equipment,We will cover 3 categories: basic essential useful,Basic equipment,Mask Snorkel Fins (& boots),Masks,Human eyes cant focus in water Masks trap a layer of air in front of eyes with a pane of glass,Snorkels,Curved rubber

2、tube with mouthpiece Allow snorkellers to breathe face-down at surface Some have output valves to expel water,Snorkel valves,Without valve,With valve,Fins,offer propulsion for minimum effort allow divers to swim on surface and at depth with speed, endurance and power,Fin types,Full-foot,Open-heel,Fu

3、ll-foot fins,Fit like a shoe Worn over bare feet More common for surface swimming Warm water only,Open-heel fins,Foot pocket with open heel Held to foot by springs or straps Can be worn over boots More common among divers,Fin straps,Plastic buckle,Fin springs,Essential equipment,Cylinder Regulator D

4、iving suit Weight system Buoyancy control device Depth gauge Watch,Cylinders,Regulators,Regulators,Allow us to breathe at appropriate pressure Pressure reduced in two stages First stage attached to tank Second stage attached to mouthpiece Extra hoses supply air to other equipment buoyancy control de

5、vices, dry suits, etc.,Regulators,Piston First Stage,Diaphragm First Stage,Second stage,Second stage,Second stage,Second stage,Weights,Weights,Humans float in seawater Especially in diving suits Weights offset this extra buoyancy Usually on nylon belt Other systems: harness, integrated in BCD,Attach

6、ing weight belts,Weights should be secure on belt Belt should be tight around waist,Depth gauges and watches,Depth gauges and watches,Knowing depth and time is essential Only way to avoid decompression sickness Gauges and watches must be accurate and reliable Watches should be rated to 100 m Most di

7、vers use dive computers,Recreational Dive Planer,Diving suits,Suit types,Semi-dry suits,Drysuits,Wet suits,Provide insulation through suit material Trap a layer of water against skin, which is warmed by body,Dry suits,one-piece suits with single zip opening Boots attached Hoods are usually separate

8、water-tight neck and wrist seals Latex or neoprene,Dry suits,Insulate through material and/or undersuits trap a layer of air between diver and water Air added/removed through valves,Neoprene dry suits,neoprene: 49 mm provide built-in insulation are cheap(er) to maintain,Membrane suits,Thin material

9、no thermal protection usually non-stretch Require insulating undersuits,Dry suit seals,Neoprene seals Long-lasting Non-allergenic Form a less effective seal than latex,Latex seals Need replacing every 12 years More flexible Form a tighter seal,Dry suit zips,Rear-entry,Front-entry,Buoyancy control de

10、vices,a.k.a. BCDs provide face-up flotation at surface buoyancy control at depth,BCD design,Inflatable internal bladder direct-feed hose from regulator Inflation mouthpiece Inflate/deflate valves Overpressure valves,Useful equipment,Knife Torch Dive computer Safety marker Kit bag,Knives,Useful for c

11、utting out from entanglements Must be secured locking sheath or lanyard Line/net cutters are also useful,Torches,Useful for Adding light Returning colour Night diving,Dive computers,Comparatively recent development Constantly recalculate depth and time Help to avoid decompression sickness,Safety markers,Allow coxswains to track you Keep other boats away Reduce waiting time for boat pick-up,Kit bags,Keep your kit ship-shape on board Can be mesh or waterproof,Use proper equipment for diving,Use proper equipment for diving,测验,