初中英语语法宾语从句课件.ppt

1、一、概 述 在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句一般由下面一些词引导。1.that引导2.whether/if引导3.连接代词who whom whose what which4.连接副词when why where how。1that属于从属连接词，在宾语从句中没有实际意义，属于从属连接词，在宾语从句中没有实际意义，只是起引导从语的作用。只是起引导从语的作用。1）作动词的宾语从句）作动词的宾语从句vWe all know(that)success calls for hard work.v我们都知道成功需要付出艰辛的劳动。vWe knew(that)he had made a mi

2、stake.v我们知道他犯了一个错误。2）在某些）在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟形容词的结构后面也可以跟that引导的引导的宾语从句。宾语从句。如如sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,sorry等。等。vI am sure that I have posted the letter.v我的确把那封信寄了。vI am afraid that you are right.v恐怕你是对的。【要点拓展】【要点拓展】一般说来引导宾语从句的that可以省略。如果有多个that引导的宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，其他一般不省略。vI k

3、now(that)you are right.我知道你是对的。vThe doctor told me(that)I should take more water and that things would get better very soon医生告诉我要多喝水，情况很快就会好转。2whether/if在做在做“是否是否”解时引导宾语从句，常解时引导宾语从句，常放在动词放在动词know，ask，care，wonder，find out等之后。在口语中常用等之后。在口语中常用if。whether/if在宾语从句在宾语从句中不作任何成分，但含有中不作任何成分，但含有“是否是否”的含义，在句子的含

4、义，在句子中不可省略。中不可省略。vI dont know whether/if this bike is hers.v我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。vCan you tell me whether/if your father joined the Party in 1990?v你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？【要点拓展】【要点拓展】whether/if在表示“是否”，引导宾语从句时常可通用。但一下情况只可以用whether。v介词后的宾语从句用whether引导。We are talk about whether we can get the chance.我们再讨论我们是否可以得

5、到这个机会。vwhether引导宾语从句可以与or not连用He doesnt know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not.他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。vWhether引导的宾语从句可以置于句首。Whether they will join in the picnic I dont care.他们是否参加野餐，我不在乎。v在不定式前只用whether。Im just wondering whether to stay for another hour.我不知道是否要再等一个小时。3由连接代词引导的宾语从句由连接代词引导的宾语从

6、句 who whom whose what whichlDo you know whose child he is?你知道他是谁的孩子吗？lDo you remember what you should do next?你记得你接下来应该做什么吗？l I want to know which medicine he has taken.我要知道他服了哪种药。l Please tell me who called me just now.请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。lI dont know whom they are speaking to.我不知道他的在跟谁讲话。【要点拓展】【要点拓展】v连接代

7、词一般指疑问，但what除了指疑问之外，也可指陈述。vI dont believe what you said.我不相信你所说的话。4、由连接副词引导的宾语从句、由连接副词引导的宾语从句when why where howvHe asked me where they were born.他问我他们出生在哪里。vHe asks how we can help protect the environment.他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出点力。vI cant find out why the machine doesnt work well.我不能找出这台机器为什么动转不灵。vDid you as

8、k the teacher when we would have a test?你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？【要点拓展】【要点拓展】v连接副词引导的宾语从句一般表示疑问，但有时也表示陈述。连接副词在从句中做状语。vI remember when I lived with my grandparents in the country.（when在从句中作时间状语，不表示疑问。）我记得我和爷爷奶奶在乡村住过的日子。【注意】v1、由连接代词、连接副词引导的宾语从句可以向“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。vI dont know how I should do with the gifts.=I do

9、nt know how to do with the gifts.我不知道怎么处理礼物。1.宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中需要运用陈述句语序。He asked me where they were born.他问我他们出生在哪里。Do you remember what you should do next?你记得你接下来应该做什么吗？宾语从句高频考点宾语从句高频考点2时态的呼应宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。因此，要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。v例如：vHe says that Lily is(will be/was)a doctor.v他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是

10、）医生。vIll tell you what I am doing(did/shall do).v我将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。（1）当主句是现在的某种时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态。）当主句是现在的某种时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态。（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句的时态）如果主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句的时态就比较复杂。就比较复杂。v1）从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动作同时发生。例如：vI thought he was old.我认为他老了。vHe wanted to know who she was waiting for.他想知道她在等谁。v2）从

11、句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。vHe said that he had finished reading the book.他说他看完了这本书。3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week.她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。I wasnt sure if it would rain.我没有把握确定天是否会下雨。4）从句表示普通真理时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us the moon travels ro

12、und the earth.老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。3.从句中的否定转移主句谓语动词是think,believe,expect,guess等，表示“认为，相信，期望，猜想“等意思，主句的主语是第一人称，且时态为一般现在时时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I dont believe she will take part in the English evening.我相信她不会参加英语晚会。I dont think its your fault.我认为这不是你的错。改为反意疑问句改为反意疑问句 I dont think its your fault,is i

13、t?4 混合宾语从句当宾语从句的引导词是who，which，what，when，where，how，why等时，不按正常语序安排，讲这类引导词置于句首。这时主句中的谓语动词常是think,believe,expect,guessWho do you think Tom will invite to the party?你认为汤姆会邀请谁来参加聚会?宾语从句应掌握的要点宾语从句应掌握的要点 1在四种类型的宾语从句中必须用陈述句的语序，即主语+谓语动词+其它成分，句末用句号；但主句为疑问句时，句末用问号。2在带有宾语从句的复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态的呼应。l当主句的谓语动词是现在时态时，从句

14、的谓语动词可用任何需要的时态。l当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，从句的谓语动词只能用过去时态范围内的某一种形式。l从句表示普遍真理时，即使主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词也须用一般现在时。3.在think,believe等动词引起的宾语从句中，如果否定的是后面的从句，一般要将主句动词改为否定形式，而从句仍然用肯定式。1.What did Mike say?He said _.A.if you are free the next week B.what colour was itC.the weather is fine D.summer comes after spring2.Let me

15、 tell you _.A.how much is the car B.how much does the car costC.how much did I pay for the car D.how much I spent on the car3.Peter knew _.A.whether he has finished reading the book B.why the boy had so many questionsC.there were 12 months in a year D.when they will leave for Paris4.Could you tell m

16、e _?A.where do you live B.who you are waiting for C.who were you waiting for D.where you live in5.She told me the sun _ in the east.A.rise B.rose C.rises D.had risen6.I dont know _ up so early last Sunday.A.why did he get C.why does he get B.why he gets D.why he got7.The manager came up to see _.A.w

17、hat was the matter B.what the matter wasC.what the matter is D.whats the matter8.He asked his father _.where it happens B.where did it happen C.how it happened D.how did it happen9.No one tells us_,so we need your help.how we should do B.what should we doA.C.how to do it D.what to do it10.Could you

18、please teach me _ the computer.A.how check C.how to checkB.to check D.to how checking11.Where do you think _ he _ the TV set?Sorry,Ive no idea.A./,bought B.has,bought C.did,buy D.did bought宾语从句专项训练vPrepaid by Jennifer Hu1 1(2013(2013盐城盐城)Excuse me.Could you tell me_)Excuse me.Could you tell me_？It w

19、ill leave at 4It will leave at 4：00 p00 pm.m.A Ahow will you go to Shanghaihow will you go to ShanghaiB Bhow you will go to Shanghaihow you will go to ShanghaiC Cwhen will the bus leave for Shanghaiwhen will the bus leave for ShanghaiD Dwhen the bus will leave for Shanghaiwhen the bus will leave for

20、 Shanghai【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语“它将在下午它将在下午4 4点离开。点离开。”知上句是询问时间，排除知上句是询问时间，排除A A、B B两项；又两项；又因宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选因宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选D D。【答案】【答案】D D2 2(2013(2013温州温州)Jack)Jack，could you tell me_could you tell me_？Sure.In the post office on Green Road.Sure.In the post office on Green Road.A Awhere you bo

21、ught the stampswhere you bought the stampsB Bwhere did you buy the stampswhere did you buy the stampsC Cwhen you bought the stampswhen you bought the stampsD Dwhen did you buy the stampswhen did you buy the stamps【解析】本题考查宾语从句的用法。首先，宾语从句【解析】本题考查宾语从句的用法。首先，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，而要使用陈述语序，而B B、D D两项使用了疑问语序，故两项使用了

22、疑问语序，故排除。又根据答语排除。又根据答语“In the post office on“In the post office on Green Road.”Green Road.”可知上句是询问地点，故选可知上句是询问地点，故选A A。【答案】【答案】A A3 3(2013(2013扬州扬州)I cant find Mary.Wheres she?)I cant find Mary.Wheres she?SorrySorry，I dont know _.I dont know _.A Awhere has she been Bwhere has she been Bwhere she has

23、 beenwhere she has beenC Cwhere has she gone Dwhere has she gone Dwhere she has gonewhere she has gone【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要使用陈述语【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要使用陈述语序，故排除序，故排除A A、C C两项；由语境知答语为两项；由语境知答语为“对不起，对不起，我不知道她到哪儿去了我不知道她到哪儿去了”，需用，需用have/has gone tohave/has gone to结构。故选结构。故选D D。【答案】【答案】D D4 4(2013(2013广州广州)I ca

24、nt remember _I put the book)I cant remember _I put the book，and and I need it for my homework now.I need it for my homework now.A Awhere Bwhere Bhow how C Cwhat Dwhat Dwhywhy【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意是【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意是“我现我现在需要那本书做作业，我不记得把它放在哪里了。在需要那本书做作业，我不记得把它放在哪里了。”表示地点要用表示地点要用wherewhere，故选，故选A A。【答案】

25、【答案】A A5 5(2013(2013十堰十堰)Can you tell me_)Can you tell me_？His home is quite far away from the officeHis home is quite far away from the office，I think.I think.A Awhen he got up Bwhen he got up Bwhere he workswhere he worksC Cwhy he bought the car Dwhy he bought the car Dhow he likes his jobhow he l

26、ikes his job【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语“我认为他的家我认为他的家离办公室相当远。离办公室相当远。”知上句是询问他买车的原因，知上句是询问他买车的原因，故选故选C C。【答案】【答案】C C6 6(2013(2013临沂临沂)The policeman asked the small girl _.)The policeman asked the small girl _.A Awhy she was crying why she was crying B Bwhy was she cryingwhy was she cryingC Cwhy s

27、he is crying why she is crying D Dwhy is she cryingwhy is she crying【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除故排除B B、D D两项；主句用了一般过去时，宾语从句两项；主句用了一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态，故选要用相应的过去时态，故选A A。【答案】【答案】A A7 7(2013(2013苏州苏州)Dont wait for people to be friendly)Dont wait for people to be friendly，show sho

28、w them _a friendly person you are.them _a friendly person you are.A Awhat Bwhat BHowHow C Cwhen Dwhen Dwherewhere【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“向他向他们表明你是多么友好的一个人们表明你是多么友好的一个人”可知可知show themshow them后后的宾语从句是一个感叹句，空格后是名词短语的宾语从句是一个感叹句，空格后是名词短语a a friendly personfriendly person，故用，故用whatwhat引导。

29、引导。【答案】【答案】A A8 8(2013(2013河北河北)Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder _.)Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder _.A Awhen she will come backwhen she will come backB Bwhen she came backwhen she came backC Cwhen will she come backwhen will she come backD Dwhen did she come backwhen did she come back【解析】本题考查宾语从句的

30、时态及语序。由上句【解析】本题考查宾语从句的时态及语序。由上句“詹妮现在正在度假詹妮现在正在度假”可知可知“回来回来”的动作还未发的动作还未发生，故宾语从句要用一般将来时，排除生，故宾语从句要用一般将来时，排除B B、D D两项；两项；宾语从句要用陈述语序，因此宾语从句要用陈述语序，因此C C项也错误。项也错误。【答案】【答案】A A9 9(2013(2013铜仁铜仁)Can you tell me _)Can you tell me _？I lost my MP3 player.I lost my MP3 player.A Awhats the matter with youwhats th

31、e matter with youB Bwhat the matter is with youwhat the matter is with youC Cwhat the matter you iswhat the matter you isD Dwhat the matter with you arewhat the matter with you are【解析】本题考查宾语从句。【解析】本题考查宾语从句。Whats the matter Whats the matter with.with.？是固定句型，意为？是固定句型，意为“怎么了？怎么了？”其其本身就是一个陈述语序。其他选项为错误表达

32、。故本身就是一个陈述语序。其他选项为错误表达。故选选A A。【答案】【答案】A A1010(2013(2013河南河南)I didnt see Laura at the party last)I didnt see Laura at the party last night.Do you know _night.Do you know _？A Awhy didnt she come Bwhy didnt she come Bwhat happenedwhat happenedC Cwhen would she arrive Dwhen would she arrive Dwhere she h

33、as beenwhere she has been【解析】本题考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句中用陈【解析】本题考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句中用陈述语序，故排除述语序，故排除A A、C C两项；两项；D D项意为项意为“她去过哪她去过哪里里”，不符合题意；，不符合题意；B B项项“发生什么了发生什么了”符合在晚符合在晚会上没有看见会上没有看见LauraLaura而发出的疑问。故选而发出的疑问。故选B B。【答案】【答案】B B1111(2013(2013吉林吉林)Could you tell me _)Could you tell me _？By telling them some funny s

34、tories.By telling them some funny stories.A Awhen I can visit the childrenwhen I can visit the childrenB Bwhy the children are not happywhy the children are not happyC Cwhere the children want to gowhere the children want to goD Dhow I can cheer up the sick childrenhow I can cheer up the sick childr

35、en【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语“通过给他们讲有趣的故通过给他们讲有趣的故事事”可知，此处询问方式，故用可知，此处询问方式，故用howhow引导宾语从句。句意是引导宾语从句。句意是“你能告诉我怎样才能使这些生病的孩子们高兴起来你能告诉我怎样才能使这些生病的孩子们高兴起来吗？吗？”“”“通过给他们讲有趣的故事。通过给他们讲有趣的故事。”【答案】【答案】D D1212(2012(2012中考变式题中考变式题)Your Tshirt is so cool.Could you tell)Your Tshirt is so cool.Could you tell me

36、 _me _？A Awhere you buy it Bwhere you buy it Bwhere do you buy it where do you buy it C Cwhere you bought it Dwhere you bought it Dwhere did you buy itwhere did you buy it【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序应为陈【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序，可排除述语序，可排除B B，D D。由句意可判断时态应为过去。由句意可判断时态应为过去时，故选时，故选C C。【答案】【答案】C C1313(2012(201

37、2中考变式题中考变式题)Could you tell me _)Could you tell me _？He is in the library.He is in the library.A Awhere Simon was Bwhere Simon was Bwhere is Simonwhere is Simon C Cwhere was Simon Dwhere was Simon Dwhere Simon iswhere Simon is【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。此处的此处的couldcould为语气的委婉而非过去式

38、，故选为语气的委婉而非过去式，故选D D。【答案】【答案】D D1414(2012(2012中考变式题中考变式题)Could you tell me _)Could you tell me _？Of course,last night.Of course,last night.A Awhen you reached Chengduwhen you reached Chengdu B Bwhen did you reach Chengduwhen did you reach Chengdu C Chow you came to Chinahow you came to China D Dhow

39、did you come to Chinahow did you come to China【解析】本题考查宾语从句。【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据答语根据答语last nightlast night需用引导词需用引导词whenwhen；宾语从句中要用陈述语序，故答；宾语从句中要用陈述语序，故答案选案选A A。【答案】【答案】A A1515(2012(2012中考变式题中考变式题)David,look at the man in white over)David,look at the man in white over there.Can you tell me _there.Can you

40、 tell me _？He is a doctor.He is a doctor.A Awho is he Bwho is he Bwho he iswho he is C Cwhat is he Dwhat is he Dwhat he iswhat he is【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据答语知是问职业，【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据答语知是问职业，故排除故排除A A和和B B；宾语从句用陈述语序，所以答案选；宾语从句用陈述语序，所以答案选D D。【答案】【答案】D D1616(2012(2012中考变式题中考变式题)Could you tell me _ at the)Could you

41、 tell me _ at the meeting?meeting?Sorry,I dont know.I didnt go to the meeting that Sorry,I dont know.I didnt go to the meeting that day.day.A Awhat does he say Bwhat does he say Bwhat he sayswhat he says C Cwhat he said Dwhat he said Dwhat did he saywhat did he say【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句应该用陈述语序，【解析】考查宾语从句。宾

42、语从句应该用陈述语序，因此排除因此排除A A、D D；由下句出现的时间状语；由下句出现的时间状语that daythat day可可知会议已经召开过了，故宾语从句应该用一般过去知会议已经召开过了，故宾语从句应该用一般过去时。选时。选C C。【答案】【答案】C C1717(2014(2014中考预测题中考预测题)Everyone can play an important role in)Everyone can play an important role in the society.As members,we should try our best to do _.the society.As members,we should try our best to do _.A Awhat we should do what we should do B Bwhat should we dowhat should we do C Chow we should dohow we should do【解析】考查【解析】考查whatwhat引导的宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述引导的宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序。语序。【答案】【答案】A A