医学精品课件：翻译-01.ppt

1、Course Overview 课程概览,Standards and Principles of Translation 翻译的标准与原则 Lexical Comparison and Accommodation 英汉词汇对比与词语的变通 Syntactic Comparison and Accommodation 英汉句法对比与句法的变通 Translation of Culture-loaded, Imagery Words and Rhetoric Devices 文化词语、形象词语及修辞的翻译 Translation in Light of Discourse Analysis 语篇分

2、析与翻译 Stylistic Componential Analysis 文体的分析与把握,词汇需要积累,1. 乱过马路 2. 走光 3. 炒作 4. 尔虞我诈 5. 巡回招聘会 6. 卖眼泪,1. 乱过马路 jaywalk 2. 走光 have a cupboard malfunction 3. 炒作 (do / stage )a publicity stunt 4. 尔虞我诈 wheeling and dealing 5. 巡回招聘会 milk round 6. 卖眼泪 turn on the waterworks,7.这是我乱猜的 8. 随口说的 9. 抢先一步 10. 抢跑 11. 农

3、家菜 12. 正宗湘菜,7.这是我乱猜的：This is a wild guess. 8. 随口说的：a throw-away remark / comment 9. 抢先一步：steal a march upon sb 10. 抢跑：jump the gun 11. 农家菜：cottage dishes 12. 正宗湘菜：authentic Hunan-style dishes,13. 煲电话粥：do a marathon talk on telephone 14. 假唱：lip-sync 15. 载客：rip off 16.假期综合症：Holiday hangover 17.宿醉：Hang

4、over / morning-after,一刀切的政策 One-size-fits-all policy 信鸽 homing pigeon 处在冲刺阶段：on the home stretch 加班车 relief bus 备用停车场 overspill car park 备用轮胎 spare tyre 洗车场：car wash,态度三百六十度转弯: do an about-face in ones attitude toward. 火辣的表演: in-your-face performance 虎头蛇尾: fizzle out 门面工程: facade project 事故多发路段: bla

5、ck spot,They can travel far in one night. I dont think an individual bat or colony migrated all the way from Congo or Gabon to west Africa. These big colonies are connected. There is a possibility for the virus to mix between colonies. The bats share the same fruit. It is likely not to have even bee

6、n one species of bat. The virus may jump from one species to another.“ 它们一晚上可以飞很远，我不知道是一只单独的蝙蝠还是殖民地的移民从刚果或者加蓬迁到了西非，这些大殖民地是连着的，很有可能是病毒在这两个殖民地之间掺和了，因为蝙蝠吃同一类的水果。也可能不是同一个物种，而病毒从一个物种身上转移到了另一个物种身上。(?),In the United States, but the price of natural gas is still artificially low, consumers still have no rel

7、iable source of help for reducing energy use in their homes, mass transit compared with that of the advanced nations is terrible , and the lack of a substantial gasoline tax keep that unchanged.,在美国，。大众运输与发达国家相比很糟糕。,在美国，。由于天然气价格仍然人为的低，也没有向家庭用户提供可靠的节能产品，其大众交通运输攻击的耗油与节能技术先进国家相比亦很严重，再加上对汽油征税幅度不大，使得目前耗能

8、状况得不到改善。,在海边，我捡起了一枚小小的贝壳。 I picked up a very small shell at the seaside / seashore.,As I was rambling along the beach, I happened on a very small shell and picked it up.,房地产公司在海边修起了一座旅馆 The real-estate company set up a hotel by the seaside. 她住在海边的一个小镇。 She lives in a costal town.,He shall come to my

9、 office tomorrow morning.,他明天早上将要来我办公室。？ 他明天早上务必来我办公室。,One of the key featureshas thus been a transfer of the less sophisticated end of the manufacturing market., such as toys, textiles and footwear, and the like, from the more to the less developed nations.,技术含量较低的末流产品/低端产品,You cannot be too carefu

10、l when going out. You know, there are people and people now.,出去的时候要小心加小心。现在，什么样的人都有。,He was up too late, so he decided to sleep late.,他很晚才睡，所以决定第二天晚些起床。,If you think he is a good man, think again.,If you think he is a good man, think again. 如果你认为他是好人，那你就错了。,He has a soft spot for chocolate. 13119568

11、896 1104317089,He has a soft spot for chocolate. have a soft spot for = have a weakness for: you like sth very much even if it may not be good for you.,He objected that this therapy have side effects.,He objected that this therapy have side effects. 他提出异议，说这种疗法有副作用。,That took his breath away.,That t

12、ook his breath away. 那使他大为惊叹。,We were more than eager to hop on the car and go for the picnic but the teacher asked to hold our horses and check everything once again.,Hold ones horses: used to tell sb to do sth more slowly or carefully.,All you can get from him is words and deceit.,words and deceit

13、 = deceitful words Then come and kiss me, sweet and twenty. (二十岁的美女） He racked his brains but produced no more than a few verses and nonsense. (没有意思的打油诗。） The little girl looked at the toy car with eye and envy. (羡慕的眼神） He enjoyed several dances and delight. (delightful dances),Two is company but th

14、ree is none.,Two is company but three is none. 两人成伴，三人不欢。,She modeled between roles.,She modeled between roles. 没有演出的时候，她客串当模特。 The elevator girl reads between passengers. 没有乘客的时候，开电梯的姑娘就看看书。,His new book is for the birds.,His new book is for the birds. 他的新书很傻B。,In the fight for Aleppo, they are fie

15、rcely contesting a hill settlement called Handarat, which is itself tiny, but vitally overlooks the main supply road into rebel held areas of Aleppo. If the regime hold Handarat, they can cut off rebel Aleppo from resupply, effectively besieging it. （在阿勒博的战争中，针对一个名叫做Handarat的山，他们争辩不休，这个山很小，但是他们严重地忽视

16、了这是一条主要的为反叛军汇聚地-Aleppo提供物资的道路。如果政府军守住了Handarat，那么他们就可以切断反叛军的物资供应，有效地包围它。,He was justifiably late for the conference.,他参会迟到了，这是可以理解的。,The sight of the photo reminded me of the trip to the Tibetan Plateau.,看到这张照片，我想起了青藏之旅。,The wild garden behind the house contained a central apple tree. 屋后荒芜的花园有一棵中央的苹

17、果树。？ 屋后荒芜的花园中央有一棵苹果树。？,I took home a briefcase full of troubles. 我带着盛满了问题的皮包回家了。？ 我带着满满一皮包问题回家了。,The dry riverbed was only a clatter of teetering stones now, ricocheting off my feet as I passed 干涸的河床只是一片石头滑动的咯噔声 ？ 我走在干涸的河床上，石头被我踩得咯噔咯噔响,Do you know who has the living at Altarnun, Jim Merlyn? No, I do

18、 not., Mary Yellan. Ive never had any truck with parsons 译文1： 你知道谁在阿尔塔能谋生，吉姆莫林？ 不，不知道，玛丽耶伦。我和牧师从来没有来往。,译文2： 你知道谁在吃阿尔塔的圣俸吗，吉姆莫林？ 不，不知道，玛丽耶伦。我和牧师从来没有来往。,Zhou En-lai was at my birthday party and at the end he got up, went over to the counter and got an ice cream and he put it down in front of me. He sa

19、id “This is for you”, I said “ I didnt know you could speak English”. He laughed and said “a little bit” measuring with his finger and thumb. 周恩来出席了我的生日宴会。到宴会接近尾声时，他起身朝柜台走去，要了个冰激凌，然后放在了我的面前他说：“这是给您的。”我答道“我不知道您还会讲英语。”他笑了笑说：就一点点儿。”一边说一边用拇指和食指比划着。,周恩来出席了我的生日宴会。到宴会接近尾声时，他起身朝柜台走去，要了个冰激凌，然后放在了我的面前他用英语说：“这

20、是给您的。”我答道“我不知道您还会讲英语。”他笑了笑说：就一点点儿。”一边说一边用拇指和食指比划着。,Lexical Comparison and Accommodation 英汉词汇对比与词语的变通,It is quite obvious that the organization of such a computer becomes rather complex, since one must insure that a mix-up does not occur among all the various problems and that the correct information

21、 is available for the computer when it is called for, but if not, the computation will wait until it is available.,十分明显，这样一台计算机的结构是相当复杂的，因为必须确保它在处理各种问题时不产生混乱，确保计算机所需的正确信息随需随有。如果一时没有，就要等到有了才能进行计算。,What more has the manager of the performance to say? To acknowledge the kindness with which it has been

22、received in all the principal towns of England through which the Show has passed, and where it has been most favorably noticed by the respected conductors of the public press, and by the Nobility and Gentry.,领班的还有什么可说的呢？他带着戏班子在英国各大城市上演，多承各界惠顾，各报的编辑先生也都有好评，又蒙各位大人先生提拔，真是不胜感激。,The election which has le

23、d to your being chosen to preside over this Assembly a very wise choice indeed is a tribute to your great country, which has contributed to the development of a tradition of peace that serves as an example for the legal community that we constitute, a country which has always commanded respect and a

24、dmiration on from all corners of the world.,这次选举您为本届大会的主席，实为极民智的选择，是对您伟大国家的敬意。贵国对何平传统的发展做出了贡献，这一传统是我们法制社会的榜样。贵国也一直得到全世界的尊重和敬佩。,The growth of class consciousness among the workers was inhibited by continued high levels of employment and rising earnings for almost 15 years, combined with the propagand

25、a of views in the labor movement reflecting the influence of Keynesian theories about the ability of capitalism to solve permanently the problem of “boom and bust” through a “managed economy “ of built-in stabilization.,将近15年来，就业一直保持高水平，收入不断增加，再加上劳工运动中宣传的观点反映了凯恩斯学说的影响，这种学说认为资本主义有能力通过有内在稳定因素的国家控制的经济永

26、远解决繁荣衰退交替出现的问题 这种种因素结合在一起，就使工人阶级觉悟的提高受到妨碍。,改译：将近15年来，就业一直保持高水平，收入不断增加。凯恩斯有一套理论，认为资本主义有能力通过有内在稳定因素的国家控制的经济永远解决繁荣衰退交替出现的问题。而劳工运动则宣传反映凯恩斯理论的影响的观点。 这种种因素结合在一起，就使工人阶级觉悟的提高受到妨碍。,Syntactic Comparison and Accommodation 英汉句法对比与句法的变通,Have ants in ones pants 裤子里面有蚂蚁？ 如坐针毡 焦躁不安,In a kingdom of blind people, an

27、one-eyed man is king. 蜀中无大将，廖化充先锋。？ 盲人国里，独眼为王。,Translation of Culture-loaded, Imagery Words and Rhetoric Devices 文化词语、形象词语及修辞的翻译,Standards and Principles of Translation 翻译的标准与原则,1. 忠实 2. 流畅 3. 翻译目的,Wine was thicker than blood to the Mondavi brothers, who feuded bitterly over control of the family bu

28、siness, Charles Krug Winery.,查尔斯库勒格酿酒厂使蒙特维兄弟忘了手足情谊，他们为争夺这份家业二结怨成仇。,使对于蒙特维兄弟来说，酒浓于血，他们为争夺查尔斯库勒格酿酒厂这份家业，都得不可开交。,On the morning of a fine June day, my first bonny little nursling, and the last of the ancient Earnshaw stock, was born. 六月份一个阳光明媚的早晨，厄恩肖这个古老世家的最后一代继承人出生了，这是我第一个亲自喂养的孩子。,六月份一个阳光明媚的早晨，我要抚养的第一

29、小宝贝，也就是古老的厄恩肖家族的最后一根独苗，出生了。,If there was one thing which irritated Daphne above all others it was to be kept waiting by a man. 如果说有什么事让达芙妮恼火的话，那就是让她等一个男人。,如果说有什么事让达芙妮恼火的话，那就是被一个男人晾着左等右等。,The authorities might have taken stronger steps against Wild had he not been so useful as a thief taker. He knew

30、every criminal, as he employed most of them himself. Whenever it suited his purpose, he would hand a man over to the authorities for hanging. This brought him even more money, for a reward was generally offered for wanted criminals. It also provided Wild with a very effective means of controlling hi

31、s men. Every man knew that if he disobeyed the boss he would be betrayed and would quickly find himself on the gallows. Jack Sheppard, who had robbed for Wild and killed honest men so that Wild might grow rich, was one of those who fell out with the boss and was duly betrayed to the authorities.,每一个

32、窃贼都清楚，如果自己违抗老板，就会被他出卖，很快走上绞刑架。杰克谢泼德曾为怀尔德出力和杀害两名，结果使怀尔德得以富有。他就是和老板翻脸的爪牙之一，于是当然被出卖给了当局。,改为： 每一个窃贼都清楚，如果自己违抗老板，就会被他出卖，很快走上绞刑架。杰克谢泼德曾就是因为和老板翻脸被出卖给了当局，尽管他曾为怀尔德杀人越货，让怀尔德发了横财。,One of the things we have to understand about Japanese society is its gender structure, a structure similar to what the United Stat

33、es had in the 1950s. Women do all the domestic labor. Men are in the factories and shops and theyre working long hours, But they dont do much work when they come home. They dont take care of children, they dont do housework, cooking, etc In the U.S., there are both men and women in the work force an

34、d both men and women at home. Japanese workers may work longer in the marketplace, but you have to calculate the total amount of work that people do to figure out how hard people are working and how much leisure time they have.,在美国，有很多男人和女人都在劳动大军之列，也有待在家里的。 在美国，男女都参加工作，也都从事家务劳动。,In a kindergarten, a

35、 group of small children are learning Beatles songs. The children are French; and so is the teacher. For half an hour in this nursery in the suburbs of Paris, she addresses them exclusively in English. Their middle-class parents are digging into household budges to prepare these children for the wor

36、ld to come.,孩子们的中产阶级父母为了使这些孩子为走进未来的世界做好准备，正努力节省他们的开支。 孩子们的中产阶级父母哪怕节衣缩食，也要让孩子为走进未来的世界做好准备。,Scientists are studying synesthesia because it may help explain how the human mind takes in and deals with information from the world outside it. The condition first was reported by an English doctor more than

37、one hundred years ago. Since then, scientists have found many different kinds of synesthesia. They say the two most common kinds are sounds and tastes that produce colored pictures in the mind.,科学家们正在研究联觉，因为他们认为联觉有助于解释人脑是怎样摄取和处理来自外部世界的信息。一百多年前，一位英国医生首次报道了联觉现象。自此之后，科学家们又发现许多不同类型的联觉。他们说，两种最常见的联觉是声音和味道

38、在头脑中产生出彩色图像。,科学家们正在研究通感，认为研究通感有助于解释人脑是怎样摄取和处理信息的。通感现象一百多年前一位英国医生就曾经研究过。一百多年来，科学家们又发现许多情形各异的通感现象，并且指出，两种最常见的通感现象是声音和味道在头脑中产生出彩色图像。,Experts say the latest Soviet target is Washingtons Capitol Hill where vast amounts of classified information are held by congressional committees and members of their st

39、affs.,Experts say the latest Soviet target is Washingtons Capitol Hill where vast amounts of classified information are held by congressional committees and members of their staffs.（因为这里有。）,He conceived the idea of phrenology a pseudo-science which had one thing to its credit: it prepared the way fo

40、r the studies of some devoted neurologists in London and Paris.,He conceived the idea of phrenology a pseudo-science which had one thing to its credit: it prepared the way for the studies of some devoted neurologists in London and Paris. （但是它有一点是可取的，那就是。）,Though Adolf Hitler at first considered reti

41、ring to the Austro-Bavarian mountains near which he was born and in which he had spent most of the private hours of his life, and which he loved and where he had the only home he could call his own and there made a last stand, he had hesitated until it was too late.,希特勒最初考虑过退到。去，进行最后的抵抗，因为。，但他迟疑不决，把

42、事情耽误了。,我国的农村人口超过9亿。虽然他们收入远比城镇居民要低，抗风险的能力更差，但是长期以来，他们却不能像城镇居民一样享受基本的医疗保险。,China has a farmer population of over 900 million, who were not entitled, for a very long period of time, to the basic medical insurance as were urban people, although they were more vulnerable because of their far lower income

43、 than urbanites. (?),Chinas farmers, who number over 900 million, were not entitled, for a very long period of time, to the basic medical insurance as were urban people, although they were more vulnerable because of their far lower income than urbanites.,从燕园离去的人，可记得那些石头？ 初看燕园景色，只见湖光塔影，秀树繁花，不会注意到石头。回

44、想燕园风 光，就会发现，无论水畔山基，或是桥边草中，到处离不开石头。 燕园多水，堤岸都用大块石头依其自然形态堆砌而成。走进有点古迹意味 的西校门，往右一转，可见一片荷田。夏日花大如巨碗。荷田周围，都是石头。 有的横躺，有的斜倚，有的竖立如小山峰，有的平坦可以休憩。岸边垂柳，水 面风荷，连成层叠的绿，涂抹在石的堤岸上。,Do those who left Yan Yuan Garden remember the stones? Seeing Yan Yuan Garden at the first sight, one would only see the glimmering lakes wi

45、th the reflections of pagodas, luxuriant trees and flourishing flowers, taking no notice of the stones. However, recalling the view of Yan Yuan Garden, one would find that stones are everywhere-by the waterside, in the mountain base, or in the grass near the bridge. In Yan Yuan Garden, which is domi

46、nated by water, the banks are made of large rocks laid according to their natural forms. After turning right and entering the West School Gate with a touch of ancient style, one can see a lotus patch, where the flowers are in the size of big bowls in summer. All around the lotus patch are stones, so

47、me lying flat, some sitting in the slant, some standing upright like small hills, some level enough for people to rest upon. The overlapping green, formed by weeping willows near the bank and breeze-ruffled lotus in the water cast onto the stone bank.,Translation in Light of Discourse Analysis 语篇分析与

48、翻译,Size dont matter, chopping wood.,说道劈柴，个头并不重要。 个头没啥子关系，劈柴嘛。,（Spring up terrified ) I aint done nothing wrong by speaking to the gentleman. Ive a right to sell flowers if I keep off the kert. (hysterically) Im a respectable girl: so help me. I never spoke to him except to ask him to buy a flower fr

49、om me.,译文1（吓了一跳）我和那位先生说话，又不算是做了什么错事。我有权利卖花，只要我不在人行道上。（歇斯底里地）我是一个值得尊敬的女孩子：帮帮我，我除了请他买我一枝花，根本没和她说别的话。,译文2 （吓得跳起来）咱跟那位先生说句话不能算是做坏事呀，咱卖花又不犯法，又没在人行道上。（害怕地大叫）咱可是个正经人家的女孩子。帮帮我，咱也没说别的，就是请他买一枝花。（杨宪益）,译文3 （吓得跳起来）咱和那个人讲句话，没能算是做错了什么。咱有权利卖花，只要没占人行道。（害怕地大叫）咱可是个正经女孩子。帮帮咱，咱除了请他买我一枝花，别的啥也没说。（我译）,Stylistic Componential Analysis 文体的分析与把握,译者的素养,扎实的英语基础：词汇 语法 语篇 语感 扎实的汉语基础：大量阅读汉语经典作品 使汉语表达轻车熟路 广阔的知识面：英美各国及中国的“百科知识”：历史 地理 政治 经济 军事 外交 科技 风土人情 宗教信仰 民族心理 文化传统等。